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Selected AbstractsUtility of fine-needle aspiration cytology in the classification of leprosyDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2001I. Satish Rao M.D. Abstract The role of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of benign skin lesions has been restricted primarily to the evaluation of bacteriologic and morphologic indices in leprosy. This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of FNAC in the diagnosis and classification of lepromatous lesions. Aspirates of 94 newly diagnosed cases of leprosy were studied, and the bacterial load was determined by modified Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain. A skin biopsy was taken from the same site at the same sitting. Frozen and paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and ZN stains were examined from the biopsy specimen. In 61 of 94 cases (64.9%), the aspirates were satisfactory. Both diagnosis and classification of leprosy were possible in 40 of these 61 cases; the rest of the aspirates showed nonspecific chronic inflammation. The 39 cases of leprosy where a biopsy was available from the same site were classified on FNAC into tuberculoid (TT and BT), lepromatous (LL and BL), and midborderline (BB) subtypes. Taking the histologic diagnosis and Ridley-Jopling classification to be the gold standard, a strong concordance in tuberculoid leprosy cases (18 of 20 cases, 90%) and in lepromatous cases (15 of 16 cases, 93.7%) was observed. Midborderline cases of leprosy posed a problem, and a correct cytohistological correlation was observed in only one of the three cases. Diagn. Cytopathol. 24:317,321, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Three-dimensional endoscopic ultrasonography for the assessment of early gastric carcinoma invasion: could it provide diagnostic innovations?DIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY, Issue 2 2002EMAN A. SABET Background: This study aimed to evaluate a three-dimensional endoscopic ultrasonographic (3-D EUS) system in the assessment of the tumor invasion depth of early gastric carcinoma. Methods: Sixty-nine macroscopically early cancer lesions in 67 patients were recruited in an in vivo study. The surgically resected gastric specimens of 30 of them were re-examined in an ex vivo study. An Olympus 3-D EUS imaging system was employed in both studies. Diagnostic accuracy for tumor invasion depth was evaluated and compared with histopathological sections stained by H&E and Masson's trichrome stain. Reconstructed surface-rendering images were evaluated and compared with the endoscopic and macroscopic findings. Results: Three-dimensional EUS allowed rapid tomographic assessment of the lesions in both the in vivo and ex vivo studies. The accuracy of 3-D EUS for the assessment of tumor invasion depth was 87% in the in vivo study. The accuracy rate was significantly lower (P = 0.03) for the cancer lesions associated with ulcer fibrosis (74%) than for those with no fibrosis (97%). In the 30 subjects who underwent both studies, the accuracy rates were higher in the ex vivo than the in vivo study (94%vs 77% for all the lesions, and 93%vs 74% for cancers associated with fibrosis), but were not statistically significant. The rates of good surface-rendering images were 64% and 94% in the in vivo and ex vivo studies, respectively. The differences were attributed to the clearer dual-plane reconstruction images obtained in the ex vivo study in absence of motion artifacts. Conclusions: Three-dimensional EUS is a promising imaging technique for the assessment of tumor invasion depth of early gastric cancer. [source] Thickness and continuity of the adherent colonic mucus barrier in active and quiescent ulcerative colitis and Crohn's diseaseINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 5 2008V. Strugala Summary Background:, The colon is covered by a mucus barrier that protects the underlying mucosa and alterations in this mucus barrier have been implicated in the aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study investigated the thickness and continuity of the mucus barrier in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) in comparison to normal controls. Methods:, Rectal biopsies were taken from 59 patients and cryostat sections stained with periodic acid-Schiff's/Alcian blue to visualise the mucus layer. Mucus thickness and continuity and goblet cell density were measured using light microscopy. Results:, An essentially continuous adherent mucus layer was observed in normal human rectum and there was no change in the mucus barrier in quiescent UC. In active UC there was a trend for the mucus layer to become progressively thinner and significantly more discontinuous as disease severity increased. In severe active UC the mucus layer thickness and goblet cell density were significantly reduced compared with normal controls while the percentage discontinuity significantly increased. Conclusion:, It is not until severe UC that there is a global change in mucosal protection as a consequence of large regions lacking mucus, a decrease in secretory potential caused by a loss of goblet cells and a thinner, less effective mucus layer even when it is present. [source] Decreasing myelin density reflected increasing white matter pathology in Alzheimer's disease,a neuropathological studyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 10 2005Martin Sjöbeck Abstract Background White matter disease (WMD) is frequently seen in Alzheimer's disease (AD) at neuropathological examination. It is defined as a subtotal tissue loss with a reduction of myelin, axons and oligodendrocytes as well as astrocytosis. Studies quantitatively defining the myelin loss in AD are scarce. The aim was to develop a method that could provide numerical values of myelin density in AD. The purpose was to compare the myelin contents in increasing grades of pathology of WMD, with age and cortical AD pathology as well as in different regions of the brain in AD. Material and methods Sixteen cases with AD and concomitant WMD were investigated with an in-house developed image analysis technique to determine the myelin attenuation with optical density (OD) in frontoparietal, parietal, temporal and occipital white matter on whole brain coronal sections stained for myelin with Luxol Fast Blue (LFB). The OD values in LFB were compared grouped according to Haematoxylin/Eosin (HE) evaluated mild, moderate and severe WMD or normal tissue. The OD values were also correlated with age and cortical AD pathology and compared between the different studied white matter regions. Results Increasing severity of WMD was associated with a statistically significant OD reduction. No correlation was seen between age and OD or overall cortical AD pathology. The OD values were significantly lower in frontoparietal-compared to occipital white matter. Conclusions Myelin loss in AD with WMD is a marked morphologic component of the disease and it is possible to determine the reduction objectively in neuropathological specimens with quantitative measures. This may be of use for clinical diagnostics including brain imaging. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Thyroid hormone enhances transected axonal regeneration and muscle reinnervation following rat sciatic nerve injuryJOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH, Issue 8 2010Petrica-Adrian Panaite Abstract Improvement of nerve regeneration and functional recovery following nerve injury is a challenging problem in clinical research. We have already shown that following rat sciatic nerve transection, the local administration of triiodothyronine (T3) significantly increased the number and the myelination of regenerated axons. Functional recovery is a sum of the number of regenerated axons and reinnervation of denervated peripheral targets. In the present study, we investigated whether the increased number of regenerated axons by T3-treatment is linked to improved reinnervation of hind limb muscles. After transection of rat sciatic nerves, silicone or biodegradable nerve guides were implanted and filled with either T3 or phosphate buffer solution (PBS). Neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) were analyzed on gastrocnemius and plantar muscle sections stained with rhodamine ,-bungarotoxin and neurofilament antibody. Four weeks after surgery, most end-plates (EPs) of operated limbs were still denervated and no effect of T3 on muscle reinnervation was detected at this stage of nerve repair. In contrast, after 14 weeks of nerve regeneration, T3 clearly enhanced the reinnervation of gastrocnemius and plantar EPs, demonstrated by significantly higher recovery of size and shape complexity of reinnervated EPs and also by increased acetylcholine receptor (AChRs) density on post synaptic membranes compared to PBS-treated EPs. The stimulating effect of T3 on EP reinnervation is confirmed by a higher index of compound muscle action potentials recorded in gastrocnemius muscles. In conclusion, our results provide for the first time strong evidence that T3 enhances the restoration of NMJ structure and improves synaptic transmission. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Leptin deficiency reduces but does not eliminate the development of hepatic fibrosis in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoniLIVER INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2002James J. Potter Abstract: Aims/Background: Leptin, a product of the obese (ob) gene, was demonstrated previously in activated hepatic collagen-producing stellate cells, but not in quiescent retinol-storing stellate cells. The role of leptin in fibrogenesis is unknown. This study investigated the possible influence of leptin in the pathogenesis of fibrosis by determination of the amount of fibrosis produced by Schistosoma mansoni infection in leptin deficient male ob/ob mice as compared to control mice. Methods: The mice were infected percutaneously with cercaria of Schistosoma mansoni and the amount of liver fibrosis determined 12 weeks after infection. The amount of hepatic collagen deposited was quantified by morphometric analysis of liver sections stained with sirius red and by hydroxyproline content. Results: The amount of histologically detectable fibrosis was greater in the infected controls than in the infected ob/ob mice. In the infected control mice, but not in the ob/ob mice, the fibrosis surrounding the granuloma was broad and extended beyond the portal tracts into the lobule with the formation of fibrous septa. Conclusions: This study shows that leptin is a potentiating, but not an essential factor, for the development of hepatic fibrosis, because leptin deficiency reduces but does not prevent the development of hepatic fibrosis. [source] Processed porcine collagen tubulization versus conventional suturing in peripheral nerve reconstruction: An experimental study in rabbitsMICROSURGERY, Issue 3 2001Guda C.M. Heijke M.D. In peripheral nerve reconstruction, various procedures are used. One of the procedures that received the most interest in the past decade is the tubulization technique for small nerve gaps. A disadvantage in the use of non-biodegradable tubes is that the material often has to be removed owing to its mechanical properties. Some investigators, in exploring the use of collagen tubes, being a natural biodegradable material, found either allogenicity or xenogenicity and immune responses that may inhibit nerve regeneration. Processed porcine collagen (PPC) is a new inert and biodegradable material that has a favorable effect on wound healing, as demonstrated by experiments on other tissues. The aim of our study was to compare the healing of nerve sutures with PPC tubes with conventional end-to-end sutures. In our experiments, we reconstructed the saphenous nerves of 27 rabbits. In series 1 (n = 12) and 2 (n = 12), PPC tubes were slid over an end-to-end nerve suture without or with a 10-mm nerve gap, respectively. In series 3 (n = 12), conventional suturing was performed in the collateral saphenous nerves of the animals of series 1. Epineurial suturing was performed. Three other non-operated saphenous nerves served as controls. The healing was studied after 3, 6, and 12 months in sections stained by monoclonal antibodies and by conventional histologic staining. Morphometric analysis of the regenerating axons was done by using confocal scanning laser microscopy (CLSM). Data analysis was carried out using a software program especially developed for this purpose. All results were evaluated statistically. Our results showed that during the healing period in the distal nerve stump, the number of axons of the PPC procedure with a 10-mm gap was significantly higher than that in the procedure without a gap. At 12 months, the mean number of axons of all procedures was significantly lower than in the non-operated nerve, and the mean axon diameter in all distal stumps did not differ significantly from that of the non-operated nerve. In the distal nerve stump, the ratio of total axon area to total fascicle area in the PPC procedure with a gap was significantly higher than that in the conventional suturing procedure. After 12 months, there was no significant difference between the percentages of axon outgrowth of the PPC procedure without a gap, the conventional suturing procedure, and the non-operated nerve (100%). The percentage of axon outgrowth in PPC with a gap was significantly higher than in the other procedures. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 21:84,95 2001 [source] The human premotor oculomotor brainstem system , can it help to understand oculomotor symptoms in Huntington's disease?NEUROPATHOLOGY & APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY, Issue 1 2009U. Rüb Recent progress in oculomotor research has enabled new insights into the functional neuroanatomy of the human premotor oculomotor brainstem network. In the present review, we provide an overview of its functional neuroanatomy and summarize the broad range of oculomotor dysfunctions that may occur in Huntington's disease (HD) patients. Although some of these oculomotor symptoms point to an involvement of the premotor oculomotor brainstem network in HD, no systematic analysis of this functional system has yet been performed in brains of HD patients. Therefore, its exact contribution to oculomotor symptoms in HD remains unclear. A possible strategy to clarify this issue is the use of unconventional 100-µm-thick serial tissue sections stained for Nissl substance and lipofuscin pigment (Nissl-pigment stain according to Braak). This technique makes it possible to identify the known nuclei of the premotor oculomotor brainstem network and to study their possible involvement in the neurodegenerative process. Studies applying this morphological approach and using the current knowledge regarding the functional neuroanatomy of this human premotor oculomotor brainstem network will help to elucidate the anatomical basis of the large spectrum of oculomotor dysfunctions that are observed in HD patients. This knowledge may aid clinicians in the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. [source] Involvement of the auditory brainstem system in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2), type 3 (SCA3) and type 7 (SCA7)NEUROPATHOLOGY & APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY, Issue 5 2008F. Hoche Aims: The spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2), type 3 (SCA3) and type 7 (SCA7) are clinically characterized by progressive and severe ataxic symptoms, dysarthria, dysphagia, oculomotor impairments, pyramidal and extrapyramidal manifestations and sensory deficits. Although recent clinical studies reported additional disease signs suggesting involvement of the brainstem auditory system, this has never been studied in detail in SCA2, SCA3 or SCA7. Methods: We performed a detailed pathoanatomical investigation of unconventionally thick tissue sections through the auditory brainstem nuclei (that is, nucleus of the inferior colliculus, nuclei of the lateral lemniscus, superior olive, cochlear nuclei) and auditory brainstem fibre tracts (that is, lateral lemniscus, trapezoid body, dorsal acoustic stria, cochlear portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve) of clinically diagnosed and genetically confirmed SCA2, SCA3 and SCA7 patients. Results: Examination of unconventionally thick serial brainstem sections stained for lipofuscin pigment and Nissl material revealed a consistent and widespread involvement of the auditory brainstem nuclei in the SCA2, SCA3 and SCA7 patients studied. Serial brainstem tissue sections stained for myelin showed loss of myelinated fibres in two of the auditory brainstem fibre tracts (that is, lateral lemniscus, trapezoid body) in a subset of patients. Conclusions: The involvement of the auditory brainstem system offers plausible explanations for the auditory impairments detected in some of our and other SCA2, SCA3 and SCA7 patients upon bedside examination or neurophysiological investigation. However, further clinical studies are required to resolve the striking discrepancy between the consistent involvement of the brainstem auditory system observed in this study and the comparatively low frequency of reported auditory impairments in SCA2, SCA3 and SCA7 patients. [source] Expression of human ,-defensin -1, -2, and -3 in non-inflamed pseudocyst, mucocelesORAL DISEASES, Issue 7 2008MK Frederic Objectives and design:, The expressions of human beta defensin-1 (HBD-1), -2 (HBD-2) and -3 (HBD-3) in non-inflamed pseudocysts such as mucoceles were investigated immunohistochemically in this study. Materials and methods:, Mucocele specimens were obtained from 21 patients. The expression of HBDs was studied immunohistochemically by using antibodies directed against HBD-1, -2, and -3. Statistical analyses were carried out on serial sections stained with antibodies. Results:, Cells expressing HBDs were found in mucoceles. The expression of HBD-2 was observed in floating cells in all the specimens, whereas HBD-1 and HBD-3-expressing cells were detected in 93% and 73% of the mucoceles, respectively. The HBD-2 signal was the most intense and the HBD-3 signal intensity was weaker than that of HBD-1. HBDs were expressed in neutrophils and in other floating cells. Interestingly, the signal intensity and the population of positive cells located close to the centers of cysts were higher than those located in the peripheral areas of cysts. Conclusion:, The expression of HBDs was found even in non-inflamed pseudocysts such as mucoceles. These results suggest that an unknown mechanism not involved in biophylaxis for the expression of HBDs may exist. [source] The role of lateral roots in bypass flow in rice (Oryza sativa L.)PLANT CELL & ENVIRONMENT, Issue 5 2010BUALUANG FAIYUE ABSTRACT Although an apoplastic pathway (the so-called bypass flow) is implicated in the uptake of Na+ by rice growing in saline conditions, the point of entry of this flow into roots remains to be elucidated. We investigated the role of lateral roots in bypass flow using the tracer trisodium-8-hydroxy-1,3,6-pyrenetrisulphonic acid (PTS) and the rice cv. IR36. PTS was identified in the vascular tissue of lateral roots using both epifluorescence microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy and epifluorescence microscopy of sections stained with berberine-aniline blue revealed that the exodermis is absent in the lateral roots. We conclude that PTS can move freely through the cortical layers of lateral roots, enter the stele and be transported to the shoot via the transpiration stream. [source] Synaptic input of ON-bipolar cells onto the dopaminergic neurons of the mouse retinaTHE JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY, Issue 11 2010Massimo Contini Abstract In the retina, dopamine fulfills a crucial role in neural adaptation to photopic illumination, but the pathway that carries cone signals to the dopaminergic amacrine (DA) cells was controversial. We identified the site of ON-cone bipolar input onto DA cells in transgenic mice in which both types of catecholaminergic amacrine (CA) cells were labeled with green fluorescent protein or human placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP). In confocal Z series of retinal whole mounts stained with antibodies to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), DA cells gave rise to varicose processes that descended obliquely through the scleral half of the inner plexiform layer (IPL) and formed a loose, tangential plexus in the middle of this layer. Comparison with the distribution of the dendrites of type 2 CA cells and examination of neurobiotin-injected DA cells proved that their vitreal processes were situated in stratum S3 of the IPL. Electron microscope demonstration of PLAP activity showed that bipolar cell endings in S3 established ribbon synapses onto a postsynaptic dyad in which one or both processes were labeled by a precipitate of lead phosphate and therefore belonged to DA cells. In places, the postsynaptic DA cell processes returned a reciprocal synapse onto the bipolar endings. Confocal images of sections stained with antibodies to TH, kinesin Kif3a, which labels synaptic ribbons, and glutamate or GABAA receptors, confirmed that ribbon-containing endings made glutamatergic synapses onto DA cells processes in S3 and received from them GABAergic synapses. The presynaptic ON-bipolar cells most likely belonged to the CB3 (type 5) variety. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:2035,2050, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Intraoperative frozen section examination of axillary sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer,APMIS, Issue 1 2005D. A. GRABAU The study presents the results from intraoperative frozen section assessment of axillary sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in breast cancer. Routine histological frozen sections from one level were used, two sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Immunohistochemistry for cytokeratins was applied to the permanent SLN paraffin sections only. Axillary dissection was performed on all SLN-positive cases regardless of the size of the metastatic deposits. With a detection rate of 83%, 272 patients entered the study over a period of 46 months. A total of 61 cases were SLN positive by frozen section analysis. The paraffin sections gave an additional 23 SLN-positive cases. The false-negative rate for frozen sections was then 27% (23/84). Micrometastases were found in 28 of 84 cases, and macrometastases in 56. The false-negative rate of frozen sections for micrometastases was 71% (20/28), and for macrometastases 5% (3/56). A total of 73% (61/84) of the patients underwent axillary surgery as a one-step procedure. [source] Fibrosis correlates with detailed histological analysis of human undescended testesBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 11 2008Anne Suskind OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether semiquantitatively assessing the histological degree of fibrosis provides equivalent information to a detailed histological analysis of undescended testes in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed retrospectively the histological and clinical data from 86 consecutive orchidopexies. Biopsies fixed in Bouin's solution were evaluated histologically for tubular diameter, germ cell number and fibrosis. Fibrosis was assessed semiquantitatively by a pathologist reviewing sections stained with Masson's trichrome. The median (range) age of the patients was 1.9 (0.5,13.5) years, with 29 aged <1 year and 57 aged >1 year. RESULTS There were 65 palpable and 21 impalpable testes; 62 were inguinal and 13 were intra-abdominal. Testicular biopsies showed smaller tubules and fewer germ cells in patients aged >1 year, but there were no significant differences based on the location of the testis on physical examination or at the time of operation. The amount of fibrosis correlated well with tubular diameter and germ cell counts. CONCLUSION Fibrosis can be assessed easily and correlates well with more complex forms of histological evaluation of testicular health in children. [source] Attenuation of reperfusion injury by renal ischaemic preconditioning: the role of nitric oxideBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 9 2000M.K. Jefayri Objective To determine the effect on nitric oxide (NO) release and renal NO synthase (endothelial, eNOS and inducible, iNOS) activity of renal ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) in vivo in an animal model, and to examine the possible involvement of NO in ischaemic preconditioning (IP) of the kidney. Materials and methods In a right-nephrectomized rat model, 42 animals were randomized in four groups: controls; IP-only (4 min of ischaemia followed by 11 min of reperfusion, total of four cycles); renal warm ischaemia (45 min) and 6 h reperfusion; ischaemia (45 min) preceded by IP pretreatment. Serum NO metabolites were assayed 2 and 6 h after ischaemia or the control equivalent. NOS expression in the kidney was detected immuno-histochemically, and damage assessed morphologically in sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Kidney function was assessed by the levels of serum creatinine, urea and electrolytes. Results Compared with before ischaemia, the concentration of serum NO metabolites at 6 h was increased in the IP-only animals (P = 0.016) and in the IP + I/R group (P = 0.002). There was greater eNOS expression in the IP-only group (P = 0.009) and in the IP + I/R group than in controls (P = 0.050). iNOS expression was greater in the IP-only animals than in the control group (P = 0.050). Histological assessment showed less evidence of cellular damage in IP + I/R animals than in the I/R-alone group (P = 0.020). Serum creatinine level was not significantly different between the IP-only group and the control. There were no differences after 2 h of reperfusion. Conclusion Ischaemic preconditioning has a protective effect on renal structure and function, which may be produced by increased NO release arising from increased NOS expression by 6 h after reperfusion. [source] Continence and some properties of the urethral striated muscle of male greyhoundsBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2000B.A. Van Der Werf Objective To determine the properties of the striated muscle of the greyhound (dog) urethra and to consider its role in maintaining continence. Materials and methods The thickness of the muscle layers and the muscle types were determined by examining sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin or Masson's trichrome. These factors were correlated with the mechanical and electrical responses of muscle strips to nerve stimulation, and compared with muscle from other breeds of dog and other parts of the animal. Results The striated muscle formed ,70% of the membranous urethra and was predominantly (68%) type IIa muscle (i.e. fast but fatigue-resistant). The mean resting membrane potential was ,74 mV; nerve stimulation produced an action potential with a mean amplitude of 97 mV and contraction lasting about 200 ms. All responses were abolished by d -tubocurarine. The contractions were well maintained with continuous or intermittent stimulation. The properties were intermediate between those of the anconeus (slow) and the extensor carpi radialis (fast) muscles. Conclusions The distribution, fibre type and contractile characteristics would enable the striated urethral muscle to maintain tension for continence at rest and provide additional continence during sprints. [source] Mechanical attachment of soft fibrous tissues to implants by using mesh structuresCLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 11 2008Seiji Asoda Abstract Objectives: Increase of soft tissue attachment is a major concern for improving the design of novel dental implants. This study evaluated the use of mesh structures placed on the implant surface for the anchorage of fibrous tissues. Material and methods: Specimens were prepared by covering their surfaces with a nylon mesh. The following mesh spacings were used: 30, 46, 100, 200, and 500 ,m. The specimens were retrieved along with the surrounding subcutaneous tissues at 4 weeks after their implantation into the dorsal subcutaneous tissues of rats. A tensile test was performed by using a material testing machine, and the load required to tear the tissue from the mesh was measured. Histological sections stained with hematoxylin,eosin or Azan were prepared and examined by performing light microscopy. The amount of fibrous tissue contributing to the mechanical attachment of the fibers to the mesh was qualitatively evaluated by performing image analysis. Results: The attachment strength was the greatest in the 200-,m mesh-spacing group and considerably greater than that in the 30-,m mesh-spacing group. In addition, the effective width of the anchoring fibrous tissues was the greatest in the 200-,m mesh-spacing group. As compared with the other groups, the 200- and 500-,m mesh-spacing groups exhibited a considerably greater width of the anchoring fibrous tissues. Conclusions: The efficiency of mesh structures for the attachment of soft tissues to implants was demonstrated. A mesh spacing of approximately 200 ,m was observed to be favorable for the anchorage of fibrous tissues. [source] | |||||||||||||