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Secondary Transfer (secondary + transfer)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences40%

Selected Abstracts

Rescue of stranded pollen grains by secondary transfer

PLANT SPECIES BIOLOGY, Issue 2-3 2003
JAMES D. THOMSON
Abstract Secondary transfer of pollen can occur when a second pollinator remobilizes grains that had already been transferred to a flower by a previous pollinator. We used a pollen-color dimorphism to measure components of secondary transfer by bumble bees visiting the lily Erythronium grandiflorum. Remobilization was surprisingly high, ranging from 20% of grains deposited on stigmas to 90% of grains deposited on inner tepal surfaces. Because most of the grains that are remobilized would otherwise have been stranded on non-stigmatic surfaces, secondary transfer has the beneficial effect of returning lost grains to circulation. [source]

Continuous generation of colitogenic CD4+ T cells in persistent colitis

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 5 2008
Takayuki Tomita
Abstract Inflammatory bowel diseases take chronic courses due to the expansion of colitogenic CD4+ cells. However, it is unclear whether the persistent disease is driven by continuous reactivation of colitogenic memory CD4+ cells to generate effector CD4+ cells or by continuous generation of effector CD4+ cells from naïve cells. To clarify this issue, we performed a series of sequential adoptive transfers of Ly5.2+ and Ly5.1+ CD4+CD45RBhigh cells into RAG-2,/, mice at different time points. We show here that the secondarily transferred CD4+CD45RBhigh cells can be converted to CD4+CD44highCD62L,IL-7R,high effector-memory T cells even in the presence of pre-existing effector-memory CD4+ cells. Although the total cell numbers of CD4+ cells in established colitic mice were consistently equivalent irrespective of the number of primarily transferred cells, the ratio of primarily and secondarily transferred cells was dependent on the ratio of the transferred cell numbers, but not on the order of the transfer. Of note, we found that primarily transferred CD4+ cells produced significantly lower amounts of IFN-, and IL-17 than CD4+ cells arising from secondary transfer. In conclusion, the continuous generation of colitogenic CD4+ cells that compensate for exhausted CD4+ cells may be one of the mechanisms involved in the persistence of colitis. [source]

Rescue of stranded pollen grains by secondary transfer

PLANT SPECIES BIOLOGY, Issue 2-3 2003
JAMES D. THOMSON
Abstract Secondary transfer of pollen can occur when a second pollinator remobilizes grains that had already been transferred to a flower by a previous pollinator. We used a pollen-color dimorphism to measure components of secondary transfer by bumble bees visiting the lily Erythronium grandiflorum. Remobilization was surprisingly high, ranging from 20% of grains deposited on stigmas to 90% of grains deposited on inner tepal surfaces. Because most of the grains that are remobilized would otherwise have been stranded on non-stigmatic surfaces, secondary transfer has the beneficial effect of returning lost grains to circulation. [source]

Paediatric trauma at an adult trauma centre

ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 10 2005
Andrew J. A. Holland
Background: Trauma in children remains the commonest cause of mortality. The majority of injured children who reach hospital survive, indicating that additional more sensitive outcome measures should be utilized to evaluate paediatric trauma care, including morbidity and missed injury rates. Limited contemporary data have been presented reviewing the care of injured children at an adult trauma centre (ATC). Methods: A review was undertaken of injured children who warranted activation of the trauma team, treated within the emergency department of an ATC (Royal North Shore Hospital) situated in the Lower North Shore area of Sydney. Data were collected prospectively and patients followed through to death or discharge from the ATC or another institution to which they had been transferred. Results: A total of 93 children were admitted to the ATC between January 1999 and April 2002. Mean age was 9 years 3 months (range 5 weeks,15 years 9 months) and 70% were male. The median injury severity score was 15 (range 1,75) and there were three deaths. Forty-two children were transferred to a paediatric trauma centre (PTC), including three children who had been transferred to the ATC from another hospital. There was one missed injury and one iatrogenic urethral injury. Conclusions: The majority of children with trauma were treated safely and appropriately at the ATC. The missed injury rate was < 1% and there were no adverse long-term sequelae of initial treatment. Three secondary transfers could have been avoided by more appropriate coordination of the initial referral to a PTC. [source]