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Secondary Immunization (secondary + immunization)

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Medical Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

Systemic and mucosal antibody response in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), following immunization with Flavobacterium columnare

JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES, Issue 10 2004
L D Grabowski
Abstract Specific antibody responses to Flavobacterium columnare (isolate ATCC 23463T) were characterized in plasma and mucus of tilapia following intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection or immersion immunization with formalin-killed sonicated or whole cell preparations. Fish (30 per treatment) received a primary immunization and were booster immunized 4 weeks later. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for detection and quantification of specific anti- F. columnare antibody, and it was found that formalin-killed sonicated cells in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) injected i.p. stimulated a significant systemic antibody response within 2 weeks (mean titre 11 200) which increased to 30 600 following secondary immunization. At 10 weeks post-immunization, the mean titre remained significantly elevated above the controls. Antibodies were also observed in cutaneous mucus of fish immunized i.p. with formalin-killed sonicated cells in FCA at 6 and 8 weeks post-immunization (mean titres 67 and 33, respectively). Although some individual fish responded, mean plasma and cutaneous mucus antibody titres were not significantly greater than controls in any of the other treatment groups. The results of this study demonstrate that tilapia can mount a significant humoral response in plasma and cutaneous mucus to F. columnare, but i.p. immunization with FCA is required to elicit this response. [source]

Tetanus toxoid-loaded transfersomes for topical immunization

JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 3 2005
Prem N. Gupta
Topical immunization is a novel immunization strategy by which antigens and adjuvants are applied topically to intact skin to induce potent antibody and cell-mediated responses. Among various approaches for topical immunization, the vesicular approach is gaining wide attention. Proteineous antigen alone or in combination with conventional bioactive carriers could not penetrate through the intact skin. Hence, specially designed, deformable lipid vesicles called transfersomes were used in this study for the non-invasive delivery of tetanus toxoid (TT). Transfersomes were prepared and characterized for shape, size, entrapment efficiency and deformability index. Fluorescence microscopy was used to investigate the mechanism of vesicle penetration through the skin. The immune stimulating activity of these vesicles was studied by measuring the serum anti-tetanus toxoid IgG titre following topical immunization. The immune response was compared with the same dose of alum adsorbed tetanus toxoid (AATT) given intramuscularly, topically administered plain tetanus toxoid solution, and a physical mixture of tetanus toxoid and transfersomes again given topically. The results indicated that the optimal transfersomal formulation had a soya phosphatidylcholine and sodium deoxycholate ratio of 85:15%, w/w. This formulation showed maximum entrapment efficiency (87.34±3.81%) and deformability index (121.5±4.21). An in-vivo study revealed that topically administered tetanus toxoid-loaded transfersomes, after secondary immunization, elicited an immune response (anti-TT-IgG) comparable with that produced by intramuscular AATT. Fluorescence microscopy revealed the penetration of transfersomes through the skin to deliver the antigen to the immunocompetent Langerhans cells. [source]

In vivo immunomodulatory effects of dietary purple sweet potato after immunization in chicken

ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, Issue 1 2010
Hamza HANIEH
ABSTRACT This study was intended to determine the modulatory effects of dietary supplementation of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batats Poir., PSP) on the immune response of chickens. PSP was included in a basal starter diet by 1% (PSPL) or 3% (PSPH) and continually fed. Newcastle disease (NDV) vaccine, Brucella abortus (BA) and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were used for chicken immunization. Antibody titers against these antigens were used to estimate humoral immunity. Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced proliferations of splenocytes, thymocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), ratios of CD4- and CD8-single positive and CD4-CD8-double negative (DN) cells in splenocytes, were both used to indicate cellular immunity. Relative weights of spleen, thymus and bursa and white blood cell (WBC) counts were studied. PSPH increased anti-NDV (P < 0.05), anti-BA (P < 0.01) and anti-SRBC titers (P < 0.05) in response to secondary immunization, whereas PSPL increased titers of anti-BA (P < 0.05) and anti-SRBC (P < 0.01). Proliferations of splenocytes and thymocytes were augmented with PSPL (P < 0.05). PSPH -treated chickens had lower (P < 0.05) ratios of CD4-sigle positive lymphocytes. Proliferation of PBL, weights of lymphoid organs and WBC counts were not affected. These results suggest that dietary PSP supplementation could enhance the immune response after immunization in chickens. [source]

Allergen-induced airway inflammation and bronchial responsiveness in interleukin-5 receptor , chain-deficient mice

CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Issue 6 2000
Tanaka
Objective The role of IL-5 receptor , chain (IL-5R,) in the onset of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) to acetylcholine was investigated by testing IL-5R, knockout (IL-5R, KO) mice. Methods Mice were immunized with antigen at intervals of 12 days. Starting 10 days after the secondary immunization, mice were exposed to antigen three times every fourth day. Twenty-four hours after the last antigen challenge, bronchial responsiveness to acetylcholine was measured and bronchoalveolar lavage was carried out. Results Twenty-four hours after the last antigen inhalation, total and differential cells counts of bronchoalveolar lavage revealed a significant increase in eosinophils and lymphocytes in ovalbumin-exposed wild-type mice. In IL-5R, KO mice, there was little increase of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The production of IL-5 in BALF increased in both mice after repeated antigen challenge, and there was no significant difference between wild-type and IL-5R, KO mice. Similar to the BAL study, histological sections of lung tissue from ovalbumin-exposed wild-type mice exhibited airway eosinophilic inflammation, which was attenuated by the deficiency of IL-5R, chain. There was no significant difference in serum antigen-specific IgE levels between wild-type and IL-5R, KO mice after immunization nor antigen inhalation. Repeated antigen provocation caused BHR to acetylcholine in wild-type mice. In contrast, no BHR was observed in IL-5R, KO mice after repeated inhalation of antigen. Conclusion These findings indicate that IL-5R, plays an important role in the development of antigen-induced airway eosinophilia and BHR in mice. [source]