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Second Term (second + term)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Humanities and Social Sciences66%

Selected Abstracts

Party-System Reform in Democracy's Grey Zone: A Response to Moraski

GOVERNMENT AND OPPOSITION, Issue 2 2009
Kenneth Wilson
This article analyses the party-system reforms introduced in Russia during Vladimir Putin's presidency. It contests Byron Moraski's interpretation, published in an earlier edition of this journal, which claims that the reforms introduced in Putin's second term were a response to the 2003 Duma election and were intended to preserve the unity and discipline of United Russia, the regime's ,party of power'. This article argues that Moraski's explanation of the second-term reforms is flawed and contends that the first- and second-term reforms were part of a wider reform programme designed to centralize Russia's political system, consolidate its party system and contribute to the construction of a façade democracy. The article also challenges Moraski's argument that these reforms, while introduced to advance the regime's interests, could further democratization in the longer term by adding the crucial caveat that stronger opposition parties that could act as a democratizing influence will only emerge if practices of electoral manipulation lessen or fail. [source]

Kinetics of the bromate,bromide reaction at high bromide concentrations

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS, Issue 1 2007
Guy SchmitzArticle first published online: 30 OCT 200
At bromide concentrations higher than 0.1 M, a second term must be added to the classical rate law of the bromate,bromide reaction that becomes ,d[BrO3,]/dt = [BrO3,][H+]2(k1[Br,] + k2[Br,]2). In perchloric solutions at 25°C, k1 = 2.18 dm3 mol,3 s,1 and k2 = 0.65 dm4 mol,4 s,1 at 1 M ionic strength and k1 = 2.60 dm3 mol3 s,1and k2 = 1.05 dm4 mol,4 s,1 at 2 M ionic strength. A mechanism explaining this rate law, with Br2O2 as key intermediate species, is proposed. Errors that may occur when using the Guggenheim method are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 39: 17,21, 2007 [source]

Integrative Complexity of 41 U.S. Presidents

POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2007
Felix J. Thoemmes
Although U.S. presidents are one of the most studied groups of political figures and integrative complexity is one of the most widely used constructs in political psychology, no study to date has fully examined the integrative complexity of all U.S. presidents. The present study helps fill in that gap by scoring 41 U.S. presidents' first four State of the Union speeches for integrative complexity and then comparing these scores with a large range of available situational and personality variables. Results suggest a tendency for presidents' integrative complexity to be higher at the beginning of their first term and drop at the end. This pattern was pronounced for presidents who eventually won reelection to a second term and was markedly different for presidents who tried to gain reelection but lost. Additional analyses suggested that presidents' overall integrative complexity scores were in part accounted for by chronic differences between presidents' complexity levels. Further analyses revealed that this overall integrative complexity score was positively correlated to a set of interpersonal traits (friendliness, affiliation motive, extraversion, and wittiness) and negatively correlated with inflexibility. Discussion centers upon the causes and consequences of presidential complexity. [source]

Touching the Third Rail: Explaining the Failure of Bush's Social Security Initiative

POLITICS & POLICY, Issue 4 2007
Terry Weiner
Although President George W. Bush mentioned Social Security and the need to "modernize" the popular social insurance program in his first and reelection campaigns for the presidency, many were surprised that it featured as one of his most important goals just two days after the election. Given that most reporters and congressional leaders recognized the "risks" and were circumspect about his chances of success, this article examines Bush's decision to make Social Security "privatization" a major legislative initiative in his second term. Using the garbage can model of agenda setting as proposed by Kingdon, the study looks at why the president decided to move this issue, long known as the "third rail" of U.S. politics, to the top of his agenda. It also questions why,if he indeed had new political capital to spend,he spent it on Social Security and why the effort for reform was virtually dead just ten months later. [source]

The Effects of the George W. Bush Presidency on Partisan Attitudes

PRESIDENTIAL STUDIES QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2009
GARY C. JACOBSON
Evidence from the eight years of the George W. Bush administration confirms that the public standing of the president's party rises and falls in concert with popular evaluations of his job performance. Reactions to the president affect the favorability ratings of his party, party identification measured individually and at the aggregate level,particularly among younger voters,as well as the party's electoral performance. Bush's second term, which provoked the longest period of low and downward-trending approval ratings on record, thus inflicted considerable damage on the Republican Party's image, popular support, and electoral fortunes. [source]

Eigen-frequencies in thin elastic 3-D domains and Reissner,Mindlin plate models

MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES, Issue 1 2002
Monique Dauge
Abstract The eigen-frequencies of elastic three-dimensional thin plates are addressed and compared to the eigen-frequencies of two-dimensional Reissner,Mindlin plate models obtained by dimension reduction. The qualitative mathematical analysis is supported by quantitative numerical data obtained by the p-version finite element method. The mathematical analysis establishes an asymptotic expansion for the eigen-frequencies in power series of the thickness parameter. Such results are new for orthotropic materials and for the Reissner,Mindlin model. The 3-D and R,M asymptotics have a common first term but differ in their second terms. Numerical experiments for clamped plates show that for isotropic materials and relatively thin plates the Reissner,Mindlin eigen-frequencies provide a good approximation to the three-dimensional eigen-frequencies. However, for some anisotropic materials this is no longer the case, and relative errors of the order of 30 per cent are obtained even for relatively thin plates. Moreover, we showed that no shear correction factor is known to be optimal in the sense that it provides the best approximation of the R,M eigen-frequencies to their 3-D counterparts uniformly (for all relevant thicknesses range). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]