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Second Target (second + target)
Selected AbstractsOn the saliency of negative stimuli: Evidence from attentional blink1JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2004Tokihiro Ogawa Abstract:, When people are asked to detect two targets from a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) stream, impairment of recognition of the second target (T2) can be observed if the T2 is presented several hundred milliseconds later than the first target (T1). This phenomenon is known as attentional blink, and is considered to reflect some temporal characteristic of the attentional process. The aim of the present study was to use the attentional blink paradigm to examine whether the affective meaning of the stimuli could affect the magnitude of attentional blink. In Experiment 1, the valence of the T2 (neutral, positive, and negative) was manipulated. Significant T2 detection deficit was observed with neutral and positive T2 but not with negative T2. Experiment 2 demonstrated that non-significant attentional blink in negative T2 in Experiment 1 could be attributed to the negative affective meaning of T2. Results are discussed in terms of the high saliency of negative information. [source] Mere presence of distractors: Another determining factor for the attentional blink1JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2003Jun-Ichiro Kawahara Abstract: When two visual targets are presented in rapid succession, perception of the second target is deteriorated if the temporal lag between the two targets is short (0,300 ms). This ,attentional blink' (AB) phenomenon has been believed to occur only when the second target is followed by a backward mask or when there is a task switching between two targets. The present study revealed another determining factor for the occurrence of the AB, the presence or absence of a distractor stream. Five experiments examined the effect of possible confounding factors in the extant literature and suggested that the mere presence of a distractor stream affects the processing of targets even when the observers tried to ignore them, resulting in a processing delay. This effect is discussed in a model of AB deficit in terms of decay of the second target's representation. [source] Intramodal and crossmodal processing delays in the attentional blink paradigm revealed by event-related potentialsPSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 5 2008Alexia Ptito Abstract In the attentional blink (AB), processing of a second target (T2) is impaired if it is presented shortly after the onset of a first target (T1), leading to a decrease in accurate report of T2 if T2 is masked. Some prominent theories of the AB suggest that an amodal bottleneck in working memory consolidation underlies the AB. We investigated this by factorially manipulating T1 and T2 modalities (visual or auditory) using equivalent stimuli and tasks in both modalities to minimize task switching. T2 was not masked. In all modality combinations, the electrophysiological P3 component to T2, obtained by subtracting T1 only trials from T1+T2 trials, was delayed and reduced in amplitude when T2 was presented soon after T1 relative to when T1 and T2 were presented farther apart. Results provide support for a common amodal bottleneck that underlies the AB effects observed in all visual/auditory modality combinations. [source] Missed prime words within the attentional blink evoke an N400 semantic priming effectPSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 2 2001Bettina Rolke When subjects identified a target among distractors in a rapid serial visual presentation task, the detection of a subsequent target is impaired (attentional blink). By measuring event-related potentials (ERPs) we investigated if the processing of an unidentified prime word elicits the N400 semantic priming effect. Subjects (N= 12) had to identify three target words among distractors in a rapid serial visual presentation task. We varied the association strength between a prime (second target) and a probe (third target). The detection of the prime was impaired. Missed primes did not elicit a P300, indicating that they were not explicitly recognized. Despite this difference between recognized and missed primes, the N400 effect was present in both cases. This result suggests that automatic spread of activation (ASA) can be evoked by missed primes within the attentional blink. It furthermore demonstrates that ASA is sufficient to evoke the N400 effect. [source] | ||||||||||