Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Second Questionnaire (second + questionnaire)
Selected AbstractsDental undergraduate expectations and opinions of Web-based courseware to supplement traditional teaching methodsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION, Issue 3 2003R. Eynon The rapid growth of Internet for the delivery of information has enabled teaching materials to be placed on websites allowing student access to course material. It is the aim of this paper to evaluate a cohort of dental undergraduate students who have used Web-based courseware in prosthetic dentistry for a semester. A questionnaire was distributed to clinical undergraduate students prior to the use of the prosthetics course to determine their experience of using the World Wide Web (WWW) and their expectations of an online course. A second questionnaire was distributed at the end of 6 months which asked about their usage and opinions of the prosthetics Web-based courseware. The main concerns raised at the beginning of the course were related to computer access, the ability to use computers, the time involved and their conception that the e-course would be an additional burden. The main potential benefits were perceived to be convenience, availability of information and the ability to reinforce or catch up on aspects of the module they did not understand or had missed. Feedback at the end of the year showed that most students had accessed the Web-based courseware site at least once a month and, generally, their comments were favourable, dispelling some of the initial perceived fears. They felt that the website was a quick and convenient way to access information and was a good additional resource. Access to the site and printing information were the main problems raised by the students who had to use a shared cluster. In conclusion, Web-based courseware was felt to be a useful additional resource for students. However, this research showed that sufficient computers and printers must be available for such a resource to become an integrated part of the dental course. [source] ALS patients request more information about cognitive symptomsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 5 2008P. Wicks Background and purpose:, Once thought to impact only voluntary motor function, ALS/Motor neuron disease (MND) is now seen as a multi-system disorder in which a minority of patients experience mild cognitive dysfunction or frontotemporal dementia. Despite clinical guidelines advocating supplying complete information to patients, educational materials on ALS often state that the mind is unaffected. We sought to establish how much patients and caregivers understand about ALS, what they have been told to expect by their physician, and if they would have appreciated more complete information. Methods:, A two-part survey was administered online. An ,ALS quiz' gauged participants' knowledge of physical and psychological aspects of ALS. A second questionnaire assessed which symptoms patients had discussed with their clinician and explored patients' desire to receive information on psychological effects. Results:, A total of 247 ALS patients and 87 caregivers participated. Participants knew less about psychological symptoms than physical ones (72% correct responses versus 82%; paired t(333) = ,5.04, P < 0.001). Patients commonly reported being told by their doctor about physical symptoms such as problems walking (85%) or stiffness/cramps (74%) but not psychological issues like emotional lability (46%) or cognitive change (11%). The majority of patients (62%) and carers (71%) indicated a desire to be informed that cognitive change or dementia might occur. Conclusion:, ALS is a multi-system disorder. However, despite a desire for more information from patients and their carers, healthcare professionals continue to primarily address only the physical consequences of the disease. [source] The confounding role of personality and trait affectivity in the relationship between job and life satisfactionJOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR, Issue 7 2002Daniel Heller Previous research has demonstrated a strong positive relationship between job and life satisfaction. Traditionally, this relationship has been explained in terms of a spillover model, wherein job experiences spill over onto life, and vice versa. This study directly tests a different explanation for this relationship: personality traits that influence both job and life satisfaction. In a longitudinal test with multisource data, three typologies, which were shown by past research to be linked to both job and life satisfaction, were examined: Big Five, positive and negative affectivity, and core self-evaluations. One hundred and fifty-three university employees working in a diverse set of occupations were surveyed twice, with a six month time interval; the first survey also included a second questionnaire to be completed by a ,significant other.' Analyses of concurrent and prospective zero-order and partial correlations, as well as structural equation modeling, supported the hypothesized confounding role of all three typologies, especially core self-evaluations. Though controlling for personality reduced the magnitude of the job,life satisfaction relationship, it did not entirely eliminate it. Overall, the results suggest the presence of both dispositional and environmental factors in job and life satisfaction. Finally, implications for organizational practice and theory development are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Questionnaire study of canine neutering techniques taught in UK veterinary schools and those used in practiceJOURNAL OF SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE, Issue 9 2005M. S. Tivers Objectives: To gather information about the different techniques employed in general practice and to compare this with current undergraduate teaching. This would provide an insight into any areas of discrepancy and influences on technique in practice. Methods: A questionnaire was composed and distributed to 407 practices throughout the UK, using a commercial mailing list. Fifty further questionnaires were distributed by final-year students to their foster practices and five were sent to practices on request. A second questionnaire was composed and sent to the members of staff responsible for teaching surgical neutering techniques at each of the UK veterinary schools. Results: Completed questionnaires were received from 183 respondents. These were compared with seven questionnaires from university teachers. Only areas in which the teachers reached a consensus of opinion were directly compared. Clinical Significance: Several areas of discrepancy between current teaching and techniques in practice were identified. A study of complications compared with technique would provide further information. There is a lack of published material or an evidence base in many aspects of surgical neutering to support one technique over another. [source] Knowledge and Behavior of Tourists to Manu National Park, Peru, in Relation to LeishmaniasisJOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE, Issue 4 2002Irmgard L. Bauer Background: Tourists have been infected with Leishmania braziliensis and the lack of appropriate travel information on the disease has been documented. The aim of this study was to describe the knowledge and behavior of tourists booked on a trip to Manu National Park in Peru in relation to leishmaniasis and its prevention. Methods: The clients of two tour operators in Cusco, Peru, represented the experimental and control group. The experimental group completed a questionnaire after the tour briefing the night before the trip and received the information leaflet. A second questionnaire was completed just before returning from the park. The clients in the control group did not receive the leaflet. Results: Three hundred and seventy-three questionnaire pairs were collected (173 experimental, 200 control). Only 24 (6%) of all participants claimed to have heard of leishmaniasis. Of the 92.5% of tourists who read the leaflet, 156 (97.5%) found it informative, although 50 (32.5%) wanted more information. It was suggested that the leaflet should be distributed by tour operators (56.9%), general practitioners/family doctors (49%), and travel agents (47.1%). There was no significant difference in the use of preventive measures between the groups. One-third of the experimental group claimed to have paid more attention to protection due to the information given in the leaflet. Conclusions: There is generally a lack of knowledge on leishmaniasis with a great feeling of need for more and detailed information. Correct and complete information on leishmaniasis should be included in the health advice for travelers to endemic areas. [source] Training the trainers: do teaching courses develop teaching skills?MEDICAL EDUCATION, Issue 8 2004Joyce Godfrey Objective, This paper reports on consultants' self-assessed changes in their teaching and training practices over an 8,10-month period. It compares the changes between a group undergoing a 3-day teaching course (participants) and a sample group taken from the course waiting list (controls). Method, A questionnaire listing 18 teaching skills was given to the participants immediately prior to the course and 8,10 months later, and to the controls at the same time intervals. Respondents were asked to rate their ability, frequency of use of each skill, as well as their teaching confidence and effectiveness. Additionally, the second questionnaire asked respondents to identify changes they had made to their teaching. A total of 63% (54) of participants and 51% (23) of controls completed both questionnaires. Changes of 2 + on the rating scales were seen as genuine. The number of such changes was calculated for each individual and on each skill for the 2 groups. Data were analysed using a Mann,Whitney U -test. Results, The majority of course participants reported positive changes in teaching ability on a significantly greater number of skills than did the control group. As a group, changes in ability in 16 of the teaching skills were significantly greater for the participants than for the controls. Increased ability resulted in participants' increased frequency of use of only 4 of the teaching skills. The majority in the participant group reported changes to their teaching. Only a minority in the control group reported such changes. These changes were consistent with course topics and the teaching skills needed to meet General Medical Council recommendations for the education of new doctors. Conclusions, The teaching course is an effective vehicle for increasing consultants' teaching skills. [source] Adolescent quality of life: A school-based cohort study in Western AustraliaPEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 6 2003Lynn B. Meuleners AbstractBackground:,Quality of life (QOL) has received increasing attention in pediatrics medicine recently. Improving QOL is the primary justification for many interventions, medications and therapies. The present study is a school-based longitudinal study which aims to investigate the factors affecting QOL of adolescents in Western Australia over a 6-month period. Methods:,A generic self-reported questionnaire was administered twice to participants from 20 schools in Perth at 6 months apart. In addition to QOL scores and physical health status, demographic and other information was also collected. For the cohort of 363 students who participated in the initial survey, 300 of them completed the second questionnaire. Results:,A significant change in QOL score between baseline and 6 months was observed. Results from fitting a hierarchical mixed regression model indicated that 55% of the variation in QOL was due to differences between individuals, and was significantly associated with age, control, opportunities and perceptions of physical health, while the remaining variance component could be attributed to within-individual changes. Improved control and opportunities appeared to have a significant positive impact on QOL, whereas increasing age and deterioration in physical health had the opposite effect. Conclusions:,The hierarchical regression analysis has enabled valid inferences to be made based on the observed longitudinal data. Perceptions of physical health, age, control and opportunities available are related to adolescent QOL. The findings have implications on evidence-based practices and childhood health issues. [source] Persistent urinary incontinence and delivery mode history: a six-year longitudinal studyBJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 2 2006Christine MacArthur Objective, To investigate the prevalence of persistent and long term postpartum urinary incontinence and associations with mode of first and subsequent delivery. Design, Longitudinal study. Setting, Maternity units in Aberdeen (Scotland), Birmingham (England) and Dunedin (New Zealand). Population, Women (4214) who returned postal questionnaires three months and six years after the index birth. Methods, Symptom data were obtained from both questionnaires and obstetric data from case-notes for the index birth and the second questionnaire for subsequent births. Logistic regression investigated the independent effects of mode of first delivery and delivery mode history. Main outcome measures, Urinary incontinence,persistent (at three months and six years after index birth) and long term (at six years after index birth). Results, The prevalence of persistent urinary incontinence was 24%. Delivering exclusively by caesarean section was associated with both less persistent (OR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.32,0.68) and long term urinary incontinence (OR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.40,0.63). Caesarean section birth in addition to vaginal delivery, however, was not associated with significantly less persistent incontinence (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.67,1.29). There were no significant associations between persistent or long term urinary incontinence and forceps or vacuum extraction delivery. Other significantly associated factors were increasing number of births and older maternal age. Conclusions, The risk of persistent and long term urinary incontinence is significantly lower following caesarean section deliveries but not if there is another vaginal birth. Even when delivering exclusively by caesarean section, the prevalence of persistent symptoms (14%) is still high. [source] Depressive symptoms in mothers of pre-school children Effects of deprivation, social support, stress and neighbourhood social capitalCHILD: CARE, HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 4 2005Richard ReadingArticle first published online: 8 JUN 200 Depressive symptoms in mothers of pre-school children Effects of deprivation, social support, stress and neighbourhood social capital . MulvaneyC & KendrickD. . ( 2005 ) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology , 40 , 202 , 208 . Background Depressive symptoms in mothers of young children can have serious consequences for the health of the child. In particular, children whose mothers are experiencing depressive symptoms are at significantly greater risk of poisoning and accidental injury. A mother's risk of developing depressive symptoms has been shown to be related to socio-economic disadvantage, high levels of stress and a perceived lack of social support. Residents who perceive their neighbourhoods to be of low social capital are more likely to report poor mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between maternal depressive symptoms, deprivation, social support, stress and neighbourhood social capital in a group of mothers living in deprived areas of Nottingham, UK. Design and setting A postal questionnaire at entry to a randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessed socio-demographic characteristics and a second questionnaire, 21 months later, assessed depressive symptoms, perceived lack of social support, self-reported stress and individual-level assessment of neighbourhood social capital. Participants A total of 846 mothers of young children living in deprived areas in Nottingham, UK, enrolled in the control group of an RCT. Results One-third of mothers reported high levels of depressive symptoms. Neighbourhood-level deprivation and receiving means-tested benefits were independently associated with maternal depressive symptoms. A lack of social support and high levels of self-reported stress were also strongly associated with depressive symptoms. Individual-level assessment of neighbourhood social capital was not associated with depressive symptoms amongst mothers after adjusting for self-reported stress. Conclusions Neighbourhood- and individual-level variables of deprivation and psychological distress are more important than mothers' assessment of the social capital of the neighbourhood in which she lives in determining the risk of depressive symptoms. Interventions aimed at supporting mothers of young children may be more effective at reducing the risks of depressive symptoms and consequent risks to the child's health than interventions aimed at improving a neighbourhoods' social capital. [source] | ||||||||||