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Separate Study (separate + study)
Selected AbstractsFC03.1 Experience from joint occupational health/dermatology clinicsCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 3 2004Yat Wing Wong Background:, A monthly consultant led occupational health/dermatology clinic was started in 1999 providing rapid access to staff with suspected occupational skin disease including natural rubber latex (NRL) allergy and teaching for the occupational health staff. Objectives:, To evaluate the characteristics and outcome of staff attending this clinic and to assess patient satisfaction. Methods:, A retrospective case note survey was performed from staff attending the clinic from 1999 to 2002. A questionnaire was sent to them >3 months following consultation. Results:, A total of 116 patients were identified (12 male, 104 female), and 85 (73%) were nurses. 77 (66%) patients were referred with hand eczema (HE). Of the 45 patients referred with adverse reactions or exacerbation of hand dermatitis following the use of latex gloves, only 4 had positive prick tests and were considered to have NRL allergy. Patients with significant HE or occupational exacerbation of HE were referred for patch testing (n = 36). Of the remainder, most could be discharged after a single visit. 49/95 (52%) questionnaires were returned, 34/45 (76%) patients found the consultation useful. As a separate study, the data recorded within the patch test clinic looking at health care workers (HCW) referred both from this clinic and from other sources was analysed. This showed relevant positive patch tests in 16/49 (33%) patients. In 55/99 (56%), an occupational cause was likely. Conclusion:, Occupational skin disease in HCW is common, attendance at the clinic was beneficial and a single visit was sufficient in most cases. [source] Seismic control of smart base isolated buildings with new semiactive variable damperEARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, Issue 6 2007S. Nagarajaiah Abstract A new semiactive independently variable damper, SAIVD, is developed and shown to be effective in achieving response reductions in smart base isolated buildings in near fault earthquakes. The semiactive device consists of four linear visco-elastic elements, commonly known as Kelvin,Voigt elements, arranged in a rhombus configuration. The magnitude of force in the semiactive device can be adjusted smoothly in real-time by varying the angle of the visco-elastic elements of the device or the aspect ratio of the rhombus configuration. Such a device is essentially linear, simple to construct, and does not present the difficulties commonly associated with modelling and analysing nonlinear devices (e.g. friction devices). The smooth semiactive force variation eliminates the disadvantages associated with rapid switching devices. Experimental results are presented to verify the proposed analytical model of the device. A H, control algorithm is implemented in order to reduce the response of base isolated buildings with variable damping semiactive control systems in near fault earthquakes. The central idea of the control algorithm is to design a H, controller for the structural system that serves as an aid in the determination of the optimum control force in the semiactive device. The relative performance of the SAIVD device is compared to a variable friction device, recently developed by the authors in a separate study, and several key aspects of performance are discussed regarding the use of the two devices for reducing the responses of smart base isolated buildings in near fault earthquakes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Mood Adjustment to Social Situations Through Mass Media Use: How Men Ruminate and Women Dissipate Angry MoodsHUMAN COMMUNICATION RESEARCH, Issue 1 2006Silvia Knobloch-Westerwick Mood adjustment goals served to explain gender differences regarding media preferences. Before reacting to antagonism, females are likely to prevent aggression by dissolving aversive states through media consumption, whereas males could preserve aggression by choosing negative content. In a computerized procedure, participants (N = 86) were provoked by supervisor feedback to instigate angry moods. Half of the sample was led to anticipate a retaliation opportunity. In a purportedly separate study, participants were free to choose from online news while software unobtrusively logged their selective news exposure. The articles had been classified as positive or negative news in a pretest. When anticipating a retaliation opportunity, females spent more time reading positive news to dissipate their anger. Males expecting a retaliation opportunity spent more time on negative news to sustain their anger. Males' generally lower news consumption, especially when anticipating a chance to retaliate, indicated anger rumination through news avoidance altogether. [source] Spatial and temporal variability in host use by Helicoverpa zea as measured by analyses of stable carbon isotope ratios and gossypol residuesJOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Graham Head Summary 1.,A high dose/refuge strategy has been adopted in the USA to manage the risk of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) resistance in target pests such as the cotton bollworm (CBW), Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in transgenic Bt cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. Structured refuges, consisting of non-Bt cotton, have been a mandated part of this strategy to produce non-selected insects that are temporally and spatially synchronous with insects from the Bt crop, diluting Bt resistance alleles through mating. However, the bollworm is highly polyphagous and exploits a large number of crop and weedy hosts concurrently with Bt cotton. 2.,A study was carried out in five major US cotton-producing states during 2002 and 2003 using the ratios of 13C to 12C in bollworm moths to estimate the proportions of the population originating from C3 or C4 plants. A separate study measured gossypol residues in moths from four states in 2005 and 2006, enabling the identification of moths whose natal hosts were cotton rather than other C3 hosts. 3.,C4 hosts served as the principal source of bollworm moths from mid-to-late June to early September, depending on the state. Beginning in late August/early September and lasting 1,4 weeks, the majority of moths exhibited isotopic compositions characteristic of C3 hosts. During this period, however, the minimum percentage of moths that developed as larvae on C4 hosts was typically >25%. By mid-September and through October and November, the majority of the bollworm population exhibited C4 isotopic compositions. 4.,Between late June and early August, cotton-derived bollworm moths (moths with gossypol residues) comprised <1% of moths in all states, and remained below this level throughout the season in North Carolina. In other states, cotton-derived moths increased between early August and early September to peak at an average of 19·1% of all moths. 5.,Synthesis and applications.,Data on 13C/12C ratios and gossypol residues in CBW moths were used to assess the importance of structured non-Bt cotton refuges for the management of Bt resistance risk in H. zea. Weekly estimates of bollworm breeding on cotton, C3 plants other than cotton and C4 plants showed that, throughout the season, the majority of bollworm moths caught in pheromone traps adjacent to cotton fields did not develop as larvae on cotton. This result implies that management practices in cotton such as the use of structured cotton refuges will play a relatively minor role , particularly compared with maize Zea mays L. , in managing potential resistance to Bt cotton in populations of the CBW in the US Cotton Belt. [source] Evaluation of the Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics Vitros ECi Anti-HCV test: comparison with three other methodsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS, Issue 3 2007Jeannette M. Watterson Abstract After observing a high incidence of low positive hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody screens by the Ortho-Clinical Vitros ECi test (Orthoclinical Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ), we compared results against those obtained using another chemiluminescent analyzer, as well as two U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved confirmatory methodologies. To ascertain the true anti-HCV status of samples deemed low-positive by the Ortho-Clinical Vitros ECi test, we tested samples using the ADVIA Centaur HCV screen test (Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics), the Chiron recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) test (Chiron Corp., Emeryville, CA), and the Roche COBAS Amplicor HCV qualitative test (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN) in a series of studies. Of 94 specimens positive by Vitros ECi, 19% were observed to be negative by Centaur. A separate study of 91 samples with signal-to-cutoff (s/co) values less than 8.0 showed that all but one was negative for HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA). In comparison with RIBA, 100% (77) samples positive by the Vitros ECi test with s/co values less than 12.0 were negative or indeterminate by RIBA. A final study comparing all four methods side-by-side showed 63% disagreement by Centaur for Vitros ECi low-positive samples, 75% disagreement by RIBA, and 97% disagreement by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In conclusion, the Ortho-Clinical Vitros ECi Anti-HCV test yields a high rate of false-positive results in the low s/co range in our patient population. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 21:162,166, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The Role of the Vagus Nerve in Mediating the Long-Term Anorectic Effects of LeptinJOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 4 2007C. Sachot Leptin, the product of the obese (ob) gene, is mainly known for its regulatory role of energy balance by direct activation of hypothalamic receptors. Recently, its function in the acute control of food intake was additionally attributed to activation of the vagus nerve to regulate meal termination. Whether vagal afferent neurones are involved in longer term effects of leptin on food intake, however, remains undetermined. Using vagotomised (VGX) rats, we sought to clarify the contributions of vagal afferents in mediating the long-lasting effect of leptin on appetite suppression. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of leptin (3.5 mg/kg) attenuated food intake at 4, 6, 8 and 24 h and body weight at 24 h postinjection in SHAM-operated rats; however, this response was not abrogated by vagotomy. In a separate study using immunohistochemistry, we observed leptin-induced Fos expression in the nucleus tractus solitarii, a brain structure where vagal afferent fibres terminate. This signal was not attenuated in VGX animals compared to the SHAM group. Moreover, leptin treatment led to a similar level of nuclear STAT3 translocation, a marker of leptin signalling, in the hypothalami of SHAM and VGX animals. In addition to the effects of leptin, vagotomy surgery itself resulted in a decrease of 24 h food intake. Analyses of brains from saline-treated VGX animals revealed a significant induction of Fos in the nucleus tractus solitarii and changes in agouti-related peptide and pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA expression in the hypothalamus compared to their SHAM counterparts, indicating that the vagotomy surgery itself induced a modification of brain activity in areas involved in regulating appetite. Collectively, our data suggest that vagal afferents do not constitute a major route of mediating the regulatory effect of leptin on food intake over a period of several hours. [source] Pivotal role of early B-cell factor 1 in development of striatonigral medium spiny neurons in the matrix compartmentJOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH, Issue 10 2008Mary Kay Lobo Abstract The mammalian striatum plays a critical function in motor control, motor and reward learning, and cognition. Dysfunction and degeneration of the striatal neurons are implicated in major neurological and psychiatric disorders. The vast majority of striatal neurons are medium spiny neurons (MSNs). MSNs can be further subdivided into distinct subtypes based on their physical localization in the striatal patch vs. matrix compartments and based on their axonal projections and marker gene expression (i.e., striatonigral MSNs vs. striatopallidal MSNs). Despite our extensive knowledge on the striatal cytoarchitecture and circuitry, little is known about the molecular mechanisms controlling the development of the MSN subtypes in the striatum. Early B-cell factor 1 (Ebf1) is a critical transcription factor implicated in striatal MSN development. One study shows that Ebf1 is critical for the differentiation of MSNs in the matrix, and our separate study demonstrates that Ebf1 is selectively expressed in the striatonigral MSNs and is essential for their postnatal differentiation. In the present study, we further validate the striatonigral MSN deficits in Ebf1,/, mice using multiple striatonigral MSN reporter mice. Moreover, we demonstrate that the striatonigral MSN deficits in these mice are restricted to those in the matrix, with relative sparing of those in the patch. Finally, we demonstrate that Ebf1 deficiency also results in reduced expression of another striatonigral-specific transcription factor, zinc finger binding protein 521 (Zfp521), which is a known Ebf1 functional partner. Overall, our study reveals that Ebf1 may play an essential role in controlling the differentiation of the striatonigral MSNs in the matrix compartment. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Craniomandibular pain, oral parafunctions, and psychological stress in a longitudinal case studyJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 8 2004M. K. A. van Selms summary, In a single case study, the most frequently suggested contributing factors to craniomandibular pain, viz., oral parafunctions and psychological stress, were studied in more detail. During a 13-week study period, questionnaires were completed, in which, among others, jaw muscle pain, bruxism behaviour, and experienced/anticipated stress were noted. During about 40% of the nights, nocturnal masticatory muscle activity (NMMA) was recorded, using single-channel electromyography (EMG). The number of NMMA events per recorded hour was scored, using a detection threshold of 10% of the maximum voluntary contraction level. This threshold was established in a separate study, in which EMG was compared with polysomnography. Stepwise regression analyses indicated, that morning jaw muscle pain could be explained by evening jaw muscle pain for 64% and by alcohol intake for another 2%. In turn, evening jaw muscle pain was explained by daytime clenching for 56% and by vacuum sucking of the tongue for an additional 6%. Finally, daytime clenching was significantly explained by experienced stress for 30%. Data of the recorded nights showed, that variations in NMMA did not contribute to variations in morning jaw muscle pain. This case study corroborates the paradigm that experienced stress may be related to daytime clenching and, in turn, to evening and morning jaw muscle pain. [source] Nonlinear mixed effects pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis of the anticonvulsant ameltolide (LY201116) in a canine seizure modelJOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 6 2008P. R. TERRITO The anticonvulsant ameltolide (LY201116) is a novel potential therapy for the treatment of canine epilepsy. Eight dogs were administered five different oral doses of ameltolide and clinical scoring of the maximal electroshock (MES) induced seizures at 3 and 24 h postdosing were determined in two separate crossover design studies. Plasma ameltolide concentrations were determined at the time of seizures in all dogs and complete plasma concentration-time profiles were also determined in a separate study. A nonlinear mixed effects PK/PD model was fit to the resulting data. A one compartment open model with first order absorption was determined to best fit the ameltolide pharmacokinetics. An effect compartment with a cumulative logistic regression equation was used to establish the PK/PD relationship. The mean bioavailability normalized volume of distribution and the elimination half-life were estimated at 1.20 L/kg and 5.46 h, respectively. The fitted model estimated that from 2 to 15 h following a single 3 mg/kg oral ameltolide dose the mean probability of obtaining a 1 unit reduction in the seizure clinical score severity was greater than 0.80. The utilized PK/PD analysis combined with the canine MES model allowed for the rapid and efficient determination of the plasma ameltolide concentration-anticonvulsant relationship preclinically in dogs. [source] Near-IR-to-visible emission in ytterbium-doped silica fiber at in-core 488-nm pumpingLASER PHYSICS LETTERS, Issue 12 2008A.V. Kir'yanov Abstract We report near-IR-to-visible broadband emission in Ytterbium-doped silicate fiber (YF) at 488-nm in-core excitation. This emission is revealed to originate from Yb3+ -Yb3+ pair clusters (900 , 1200-nm band), whose presence is proved by a separate study of cooperative processes in the fiber, and Yb2+ phototropic centers (600 , 900-nm band) provisionally accepted to be present in the YF. (© 2008 by Astro Ltd., Published exclusively by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA) [source] Implicit theories of relationships: Implications for relationship satisfaction and longevityPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS, Issue 4 2002Renae Franiuk The role of implicit theories in romantic relationships was investigated in two studies. People holding a soulmate theory, who believed that finding the right person is most important for a satisfying relationship, were compared to people holding a work,it,out theory, who believed that effort is most important for building a successful relationship. In Study 1, college students (N = 527) completed a set of questionnaires, including measures of relationship theories and functioning within romantic relationships. Approximately 8 months later, a subset of these students (N = 176) completed a second set of questionnaires for Study 1. The implicit theories were highly stable over time (r = .74). For soulmate theorists, feelings that one's specific partner is ideal predicted relationship satisfaction and relationship longevity to a greater extent than for work,it,out theorists. Whereas Study 1 investigated people's theories of relationships as ends of a bipolar continuum, a separate study explored people's theories of relationships as two unipolar dimensions. Findings from Study 2 (N = 266) supported a representation of the theories as two negatively correlated factors, and supported findings from Study 1 highlighting the role of the interaction between the relationship theories and partner fit in predicting relationship satisfaction. [source] In Vitro Determination of Generation Times for Entodinium exiguum, Ophryoscolex purkynjei and Eudiplodinium maggiiTHE JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2004BURK A. DEHORITY ABSTRACT. Most previously reported generation times for rumen ciliate protozoa are longer than would be required to prevent their being flushed out of the rumen. In an earlier study from this lab, using a sequential transfer procedure, generation times between 12 and 13 h were determined for both Epidinium caudatum and Entodinium caudatum. This would permit these species to be maintained in a rumen with a fluid volume turnover rate as rapid as twice a day. In this study, generation times were estimated for Entodinium exiguum (13.2 h), Eudiplodinium maggii (26.8 h), and Ophryoscolex purkynjei (29 h), by sequential transfer at both 12 and 24 h time periods. The generation time for E. exiguum is lower than reported for this and other Entodinium species as determined by logarithmic growth from a small inoculum, but similar to that obtained for Ent. caudatum using sequential transfer. Eudiplodinium maggii and O. purkynjei generation times are similar to previous estimates of 24- and 24,48 h, respectively. However, it was observed that after an adaptation period of 36 to 48 h (generally 3,4 transfers) cell concentrations decreased and generation times were markedly decreased, i.e. 12.2 h for Ent. exiguum, 15.0 h for E. maggii and 12.8 h for O. purkynjei. In a separate study, varying both the concentration of Epidinium and the quantity of substrate fed per cell had no effect on generation time. [source] Short-term sprint interval training increases insulin sensitivity in healthy adults but does not affect the thermogenic response to ,-adrenergic stimulationTHE JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 15 2010Jennifer C. Richards Sprint interval training (SIT) and traditional endurance training elicit similar physiological adaptations. From the perspective of metabolic function, superior glucose regulation is a common characteristic of endurance-trained adults. Accordingly, we have investigated the hypothesis that short-term SIT will increase insulin sensitivity in sedentary/recreationally active humans. Thirty one healthy adults were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) SIT (n= 12): six sessions of repeated (4,7) 30 s bouts of very high-intensity cycle ergometer exercise over 14 days; (2) sedentary control (n= 10); (3) single-bout SIT (n= 9): one session of 4 × 30 s cycle ergometer sprints. Insulin sensitivity was determined (hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp) prior to and 72 h following each intervention. Compared with baseline, and sedentary and single-bout controls, SIT increased insulin sensitivity (glucose infusion rate: 6.3 ± 0.6 vs. 8.0 ± 0.8 mg kg,1 min,1; mean ±s.e.m.; P= 0.04). In a separate study, we investigated the effect of SIT on the thermogenic response to beta-adrenergic receptor (,-AR) stimulation, an important determinant of energy balance. Compared with baseline, and sedentary and single-bout control groups, SIT did not affect resting energy expenditure (EE: ventilated hood technique; 6274 ± 226 vs. 6079 ± 297 kJ day,1; P= 0.51) or the thermogenic response to isoproterenol (6, 12 and 24 ng (kg fat-free mass),1 min,1: %,EE 11 ± 2, 14 ± 3, 23 ± 2 vs. 11 ± 1, 16 ± 2, 25 ± 3; P= 0.79). Combined data from both studies revealed no effect of SIT on fasted circulating concentrations of glucose, insulin, adiponectin, pigment epithelial-derived factor, non-esterified fatty acids or noradrenaline (all P > 0.05). Sixteen minutes of high-intensity exercise over 14 days augments insulin sensitivity but does not affect the thermogenic response to ,-AR stimulation. [source] Tumor necrosis factor , blockade exacerbates murine psoriasis-like disease by enhancing Th17 function and decreasing expansion of Treg cellsARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 2 2010Hak-Ling Ma Objective Patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis respond well to tumor necrosis factor , (TNF,) blockers in general; however, there is now mounting evidence that a small cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis who receive TNF, blockers develop psoriasis. This study was undertaken to explore the mechanisms underlying TNF, blockade,induced exacerbation of skin inflammation in murine psoriasis-like skin disease. Methods Skin inflammation was induced in BALB/c scid/scid mice after they received CD4+CD45RBhighCD25, (naive CD4) T cells from donor mice. These mice were treated with either anti,interleukin-12 (anti,IL-12)/23p40 antibody or murine TNFRII-Fc fusion protein and were examined for signs of disease, including histologic features, various cytokine levels in the serum, and cytokine or FoxP3 transcripts in the affected skin and draining lymph node (LN) cells. In a separate study, naive CD4+ T cells were differentiated into Th1 or Th17 lineages with anti-CD3/28 magnetic beads and appropriate cytokines in the presence or absence of TNF,. Cytokine gene expression from these differentiated cells was also determined. Results Neutralization of TNF, exacerbated skin inflammation and markedly enhanced the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1,, IL-6, IL-17, IL-21, and IL-22 but suppressed FoxP3 expression in the skin and reduced the number of FoxP3-positive Treg cells in the draining LNs. TNF, also demonstrated a divergent role during priming and reactivation of naive T cells. Conclusion These results reveal a novel immunoregulatory role of TNF, on Th17 and Treg cells in some individuals, which may account for the exacerbation of skin inflammation in some patients who receive anti-TNF treatments. [source] Stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors attenuates collagen-induced arthritis in miceARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 1 2009Marjolein A. van Maanen Objective The parasympathetic nervous system, through the vagus nerve, can down-regulate inflammation in vivo by decreasing the release of cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor , (TNF,), by activated macrophages. The vagus nerve may exert antiinflammatory actions via a specific effect of its principal neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, on the ,7 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (,7nAChR) on macrophages. The present study was undertaken to obtain insight into the role of the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway in arthritis. Methods To inhibit the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway, mice were subjected to unilateral cervical vagotomy or sham surgery, after which arthritis was induced with type II collagen. In a separate study, nicotine was added to the drinking water of mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). In addition, we investigated the effects of intraperitoneally (IP),injected nicotine and the specific ,7nAChR agonist AR-R17779. Results Clinical arthritis was exacerbated by vagotomy and ameliorated by oral nicotine administration. Moreover, oral nicotine inhibited bone degradation and reduced TNF, expression in synovial tissue. Both IP-injected nicotine and AR-R17779 ameliorated clinical arthritis and reduced synovial inflammation. This was accompanied by a reduction of TNF, levels in both plasma and synovial tissue. The effect of AR-R17779 was more potent compared with that of nicotine and was associated with delayed onset of the disease as well as with protection against joint destruction. Conclusion These data provide the first evidence of a role of the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway in the murine CIA model of rheumatoid arthritis. [source] The effects of soy protein in women and men with elevated plasma lipidsBIOFACTORS, Issue 1-4 2000R. Mackey Fifty four postmenopausal women with elevated cholesterol were recruited for a randomised, double-blind controlled trial of soy protein containing isoflavones. (ISP+) or a soy protein with a low isoflavone content (ISP-), taken daily for 12 weeks. There was an overall reduction after 12 weeks in total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and luteinizing hormone (LH). There were no significant differences between treatment groups. In a separate study 27 male subjects with a TC > 5.5 mmol/l were given ISP+ for 12 weeks. In this male study there was a significant increase in HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and SHBG. Soy protein has a cholesterol lowering effect in both women and men. These studies suggest that this effect is independent of isoflavones. Soy protein also reduces SHBG levels in both sexes. [source] Complete bioavailability and lack of food-effect on pharmacokinetics of gliclazide 30 mg modified release in healthy volunteersBIOPHARMACEUTICS AND DRUG DISPOSITION, Issue 4 2002P. Delrat Abstract A new modified release (MR) formulation containing 30 mg of gliclazide was developed to obtain a better predictable release of the active principle and to allow once-daily dosing regimen. An absolute bioavailability study was carried out to characterise the performance of the new formulation and the food-effect was also investigated in a separate study. Both studies were single dose, randomised, open label, two way cross over studies with a wash out period between doses. For the bioavailability study, each volunteer received 30 mg of gliclazide given either as a 1 h intravenous infusion or as a 30 mg MR tablet. For the food-effect study, the treatment was given either fasted or 10 min after the start of a standardised Melander breakfast. Blood samples were collected up to 72 h after administrations and plasma samples assayed for gliclazide concentrations using a reverse-phase HPLC method with UV detection. Mean absolute bioavailability of gliclazide was 97% and ranged between 79 and 110% showing complete absorption. A similar moderate to low variability was observed after IV and oral administration showing the MR formulation did not add to the overall variability which is solely due to the disposition parameters, in particular metabolism of gliclazide. No significant difference was observed in tmax, t1/2z, Cmax and AUC of gliclazide after administration of the 30 mg MR tablet under fasted and fed conditions. In conclusion, after single oral administration of a 30 mg MR tablet, gliclazide was completely absorbed both under fasted and fed conditions. A consistent and optimal release of gliclazide from this formulation leads to a low to moderate overall variability of its pharmacokinetic parameters. Diamicron 30 mg MR can be given without regards to meals i.e. before, during or after breakfast. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | |||||||||||||