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Separate Periods (separate + period)
Selected AbstractsFetal cyclic motor activity in diabetic pregnancies: Sensitivity to maternal blood glucoseDEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY, Issue 1 2003Steven S. Robertson Abstract Spontaneous fetal movement in the last third of human gestation is dominated by irregular oscillations on a scale of minutes (cyclic motility, CM). The core properties of these oscillations are stable during the third trimester of gestation in normal fetuses, but disrupted by poorly controlled maternal diabetes. Here we investigated whether fetal CM is linked to short-term instabilities in maternal glucose metabolism. The fetuses of 40 mothers with type I (n,=,28) or gestational (n,=,12) diabetes were studied one to six times between 27 and 40 postmenstrual weeks of gestation. Fetal movement and maternal blood glucose concentration were measured during two separate periods of fetal activity in each session. Fetal CM was quantified with spectral analysis. Early in the third trimester, changes in the rate of oscillation in fetal CM between the two periods of activity were inversely related to changes in maternal blood glucose levels. Fetal CM was unrelated to concurrent maternal blood glucose levels at any point in the third trimester. The pattern of results suggests that disruption of the temporal organization of spontaneous fetal motor activity in pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes represents an acute response to fluctuations in the metabolic environment rather than an alteration of CM development. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 42: 9,16, 2003. [source] Preventing growth in amphetamine use: long-term effects of the Midwestern Prevention Project (MPP) from early adolescence to early adulthoodADDICTION, Issue 10 2009Nathaniel R. Riggs ABSTRACT Aim The aim of the current study was to examine the long-term effect of an early adolescent substance abuse prevention program on trajectories and initiation of amphetamine use into early adulthood. Design Eight middle schools were assigned randomly to a program or control condition. The randomized controlled trial followed participants through 15 waves of data, from ages 11,28 years. This longitudinal study design includes four separate periods of development from early adolescence to early adulthood. Setting The intervention took place in middle schools. Participants A total of 1002 adolescents from one large mid-western US city were the participants in the study. Intervention The intervention was a multi-component community-based program delivered in early adolescence with a primary emphasis on tobacco, alcohol and marijuana use. Measures At each wave of data collection participants completed a self-report survey that included questions about life-time amphetamine use. Findings Compared to a control group, participants in the Midwestern Prevention Project (MPP) intervention condition had reduced growth (slope) in amphetamine use in emerging adulthood, a lower amphetamine use intercept at the commencement of the early adulthood and delayed amphetamine use initiation. Conclusions The pattern of results suggests that the program worked first to prevent amphetamine use, and then to maintain the preventive effect into adulthood. Study findings suggest that early adolescent substance use prevention programs that focus initially on the ,gateway' drugs have utility for long-term prevention of amphetamine use. [source] Interdialytic blood pressure obtained by ambulatory blood pressure measurement and left ventricular structure in hypertensive hemodialysis patientsHEMODIALYSIS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2008Siddig MOMINADAM Abstract Unlike in subjects with normal renal function, the relationship between hypertension and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients is still being debated. In order to clarify this issue, we performed 44-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurements (ABPM) during the interdialytic period in a group of 164 hypertensive patients, the blood pressure (BP) control based on conventional antihypertensive strategy previously, on chronic hemodialysis treatment in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. These results were then compared with their echocardiographic data. This is a cross-sectional analysis. The mean ABPM during 44 hours was close to the manually measured predialysis value, but there was a gradual increase in the ABPM values in the interdialytic period. When divided into a group with mild or no left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (45 patients) and severe LVH (119 patients), the latter had significantly higher BP levels in all separate periods, while the difference in predialysis BP was not significant. Patients with severe LVH had larger left atrium and left ventricular diameters, and consumed more antihypertensive drugs. Systolic BP during the night before dialysis showed the strongest relation to LVH, but interdialytic weight gain was also independently related to LVH. Yet, 56% of the patients with systolic BP <135 had severe LVH. There is not only an association between BP and presence of LVH, but it is shown that volume expansion is also an important independent determinant of LVH. This may explain the difficulty in identifying hypertension as a cardiac risk factor in these patients. [source] Evidence for late-Pleistocene permafrost in the New Jersey Pine Barrens (latitude 39°N), eastern USAPERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES, Issue 3 2003Hugh M. French Abstract Relict sand wedges, up to 2.5,m deep and 0.4,m wide, are present in the Pine Barrens of southern New Jersey. They indicate the previous existence of permafrost. The wedges are composed predominantly of sand that shows evidence of wind transport and abrasion. Optically-stimulated-luminescence dating of infill material indicates that thermal-contraction-cracking and emplacement of the sand infill must have occurred during two separate periods during the Late Pleistocene. The most recent was in Late Wisconsinan times,,15,18,ka. An earlier period of permafrost conditions is indicated by dates >55,65,ka. On both occasions, the Late-Pleistocene ice sheets would have advanced as far south as northern New Jersey and strong winds would have occurred in the lower mid-latitudes. The sandy soils of the Pine Barrens would have allowed the ice-marginal periglacial zone to extend southwards into southern New Jersey. The sparse tundra vegetation on the sandy substrate, with its relatively high thermal conductivity, would have permitted deep frost penetration because the ,thermal offset' would have been minimized. A mean annual air temperature of between ,3.0°C and ,4.0°C is inferred. Permafrost was probably discontinuous and less than 10,15,m in thickness. Episodes of permafrost thaw are indicated by the widespread occurrence of deformed sediments (,thermokarst involutions') and by various small-scale non-diastrophic structures associated with bog ironstone beds. The presence of soil (ground) wedges in southern New Jersey and adjacent Delaware also suggest conditions of deep seasonal frost, probably when the most recent permafrost degraded. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The relationship between desmopressin treatment and voiding pattern in childrenBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 9 2002G.M. Hvistendahl Objective,To collate data on voiding patterns at baseline (no treatment) and during short-term desmopressin treatment, with special reference to the functional and the mean bladder capacity. Patients and methods,The study included 120 children (aged 6,16 years) with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. While at home they recorded their fluid intake and diuresis in two separate periods, i.e. 2 weeks as a baseline registration and another 2 weeks during desmopressin titration. On four study days the children recorded the time and volume of all voids and of fluid intake. From the diaries their functional and mean bladder capacities, 24-h diuresis and day/night ratio of diuresis were determined. Results,The mean 24-h diuresis was significantly lower during short-term desmopressin treatment. In most of the enuretics the mean day/night ratio increased on desmopressin treatment. The mean functional and mean bladder capacities were unaffected by desmopressin. Those not responding had bladder capacities of ,,100 mL less than full responders. Regardless of response, practically all the enuretics in the study had a smaller functional bladder capacity than expected for their age. Among responders the morning void was significantly larger than the following voids during the day, and among non-responders the fourth void was significantly larger than the previous voids in the day. Desmopressin treatment did not influence these volumes significantly. Conclusions,Short-term desmopressin treatment does not affect functional and mean bladder capacity; 24-h urine production was reduced significantly (P<0.01) during desmopressin treatment. [source] | |||||||||||||