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Separate Factors (separate + factor)
Selected AbstractsThe structure of negative emotion scales: generalization over contexts and comprehensivenessEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 2 2002Dirk J. M. Smits In this article, we tested whether a four-dimensional individual-difference structure of negative emotions (Sadness, Fear, Anger, Shame) as described e.g. by Diener, Smith and Fujita can be found in self-report data when the emotions are explicitly linked to three different specific contexts. In addition, we check the comprehensiveness of the structure by adding terms people spontaneously use to directly express negative affect. A situational questionnaire was constructed, based on the emotion terms from Diener et al., and it was administered to 161 participants. The structure we obtained was five dimensional instead of four dimensional: the Shame scale turned out to be two dimensional, with guilt and regret defining one factor, and shame and embarrassment defining another factor. Between these two, there is a moderate positive correlation. The structure is shown to be nearly identical for all three situations. The minor differences we found do contextualize the meaning of the emotional responses. The newly added terms could be captured quite well by the factor Anger. No separate factor was needed, meaning that the obtained five-dimensional structure may be considered comprehensive enough for the field of negative emotions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Settling the kings' lands: aprisio in Catalonia in perspectiveEARLY MEDIEVAL EUROPE, Issue 3 2010Jonathan Jarrett Important aspects of social history can sometimes be lost in legalisms. A long debate, recently continued in EME, has studied the right of aprisio claimed by those who took over wasteland on the frontier of the future Catalonia. This paper argues that previous treatments of the term have conflated many separate factors and misunderstood what aprisio actually was in practice. When studied at ground level it seems that, despite the role given to immigrant settlers by historians, landholders by aprisio need not have been newcomers, but locals using new rules for otherwise normal land clearances. [source] Sex Differences in Feeding Activity Results in Sexual Segregation of Feral GoatsETHOLOGY, Issue 5 2008Robin I. M. Dunbar Sexual segregation is common in ungulates. We show, in a high latitude population of feral goats where behavioural synchrony and fission rates have been shown to be the best explanation for segregation, that it is differences explicitly in the feeding time requirements of the two sexes (but not those for other activities) that best explains the variations in monthly frequencies of segregation. However, this effect is less marked during winter months when short day length forces the time budgets of the two sexes to converge. We argue that the various explanations for segregation can best be interpreted as separate factors in a multivariate model in which species- and habitat-specific weightings influence the relative importance of these variables, and thus the likelihood that segregation will occur. [source] Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: concordance of the adolescent version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 3.0 (CIDI) with the K-SADS in the US National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent (NCS-A) supplementINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METHODS IN PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH, Issue 1 2010Jennifer Greif Green Abstract This paper evaluates the internal consistency reliability and concurrent validity of the assessment of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the adolescent version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 3.0 (CIDI). The CIDI is a lay-administered diagnostic interview that was carried out in conjunction with the US National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement, a US nationally representative survey of 10,148 adolescents and their parents. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated using factor and item response theory analyses. Concurrent validity was evaluated against diagnoses based on blinded clinician-administered interviews. Inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity items loaded on separate but correlated factors, with hyperactivity and impulsivity items forming a single factor in parent reports but separate factors in youth reports. We were able to differentiate hyperactivity and impulsivity factors for parents as well by eliminating a subset who endorsed zero ADHD items from the factor analysis. Although concurrent validity was relatively weak, decomposition showed that this was due to low validity of adolescent reports. A modified CIDI diagnosis based exclusively on parent reports generated a diagnosis that had good concordance with clinical diagnoses [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.78]. Implications for assessing ADHD using the CIDI and the effect of different informants on measurement are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] FACTOR ANALYSIS OF THE PERSONAL AUTHORITY IN THE FAMILY SYSTEM QUESTIONNAIREJOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY, Issue 4 2006Daniel F. Brossart The factor structure of the Personal Authority in the Family System Questionnaire (PAFS-Q) has been used in numerous studies, but the factor structure has not been examined since its development in 1984. This study examined the factor structure of the PAFS-Q. Findings suggest a six-factor solution with important differences from those reported when the PAFS-Q was developed. The main differences between this study and the original factor analysis are that this study found separate Mother and Father Intimacy factors instead of a single Intergenerational Intimacy factor and the original Spousal Fusion and Spousal Intimacy factors were not separate factors in the current study. Implications and future directions for research are also discussed. [source] A theoretical and empirical extension to the transformational leadership constructJOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR, Issue 7 2001Vicki L. Goodwin The contingent rewards subscale of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) was examined in an attempt to theoretically explain recent empirical results linking contingent rewards to transformational rather than transactional leadership. In Study 1, we supported the proposal that the items in the contingent rewards subscale represented two separate factors, an explicit and an implicit psychological contract. In addition, the implicit factor loaded with other transformational subscales and the explicit factor loaded with other transactional subscales. We confirmed these results in Study 2, and supported other hypotheses from transformational leadership theory using the contingent rewards revision. Implications for the transformational leadership construct are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Suppression, Repressive-Defensiveness, Restraint, and Distress in Metastatic Breast Cancer: Separable or Inseparable Constructs?JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 3 2001Janine Giese-Davis A longstanding hypothesis links affective and behavioral inhibition with cancer incidence and progression though it does not clarify psychometric distinctions among related constructs. We hypothesized that repressive defensiveness, suppression, restraint, and distress would be separable factors in our sample of metastatic breast cancer patients. Our results support the discriminant validity of these constructs in our total sample, and the stability over 1 year in our control group. Using factor analysis, we found 4 separate factors at our prerandomization baseline corresponding closely to hypothesized constructs. Additionally, associations in a multi-trait, multi-occasion (baseline and 1 year) matrix met each of the 3 Campbell and Fiske (1959) criteria of convergent and discriminant validity. Future research testing the links between psychological, physiological, and survival outcomes with affective inhibition in cancer patients will be clearer when informed by these distinctions. [source] Measuring fatigue among women with Sjögren's syndrome or rheumatoid arthritis: A comparison of the Profile of Fatigue (ProF) and the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI)MUSCULOSKELETAL CARE, Issue 1 2008C. E. Goodchild BSc MSc Abstract Background:,Fatigue is common in both Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and can restrict functioning. Aims:,We tested the convergent validity of the Profile of Fatigue (ProF) using the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) in SS and RA. Methods:,The 16-item ProF and the 20-item MFI were completed by 82 White-British women aged 35,79 years (mean 60.4 years). Thirty-four had been diagnosed with SS for a mean of 7.0 years and 48 had been diagnosed with RA for a mean of 14.5 years. The ProF measures four somatic facets of fatigue and two mental facets; the MFI contains one mental and four somatic facets. The structures of the items from both measures were tested by principal component factor analysis using varimax rotation. Results:,No significant differences in fatigue were found between the women with SS or RA. Five factors explained a total of 76% of the variance of the MFI; six factors explained 94% of the variance of the ProF. Mental fatigue items from both questionnaires loaded onto separate factors from somatic fatigue items; the two original facets of mental fatigue in the ProF were replicated. The four somatic fatigue facets of the ProF were generally replicated but the somatic facets of the MFI did not replicate as clearly. Equivalent facets correlated well between the two questionnaires (r , 0.65). Conclusions:,Both the ProF and the MFI distinguish between somatic and mental fatigue in SS and RA but the ProF appears better at resolving somatic facets of fatigue. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Wall-modifying genes regulated by the Arabidopsis homolog of trithorax, ATX1: repression of the XTH33 gene as a test caseTHE PLANT JOURNAL, Issue 4 2009Ivan Ndamukong Summary The plant cell wall is a dynamic structure playing important roles in the control of plant cell growth and differentiation. These processes involve global reprogramming of the genome driven by dynamic changes in chromatin structure. The chromatin modifier ARABIDOPSIS HOMOLOG OF TRITHORAX (ATX1) methylates lysine residue 4 on histone H3 (H3K4me), acting as an epigenetic mark on associated genes. The remarkable overrepresentation in the ATX1-regulated gene fraction of genes encoding plasma membrane and cell wall-remodeling activities suggested a link between two separate factors affecting growth, development and adaptation in Arabidopsis: the wall-modifying activities regulating cell extension, growth and fate, and the epigenetic mechanisms regulating chromatin structure and gene expression. A co-regulated fraction of specific wall-modifying proteins suggests that they may function together. Here, we study the ATX1-dependent expression of the gene encoding the wall-loosening factor XTH33 as a test case for development- and tissue-specific effects displayed by the chromatin modifier. In addition, we show that XTH33 is, most likely, an integral plasma membrane protein. A putative transmembrane domain is conserved in some, but not all, XTH family members, suggesting that they may be differently positioned when functioning as wall modifiers. [source] Trait impulsivity in female patients with borderline personality disorder and matched controlsACTA NEUROPSYCHIATRICA, Issue 3 2010Jørgen Assar Mortensen Mortensen JA, Rasmussen IA, Håberg A. Trait impulsivity in female patients with borderline personality disorder and matched controls. Objective: Impulsivity has been shown to load on two separate factors, rash impulsivity and sensitivity to reward (SR) in several factor analytic studies. The aims of the current study were to explore the nature of impulsivity in women with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and matched controls, and the underlying neuronal correlates for rash impulsivity and SR. Methods: Fifteen females diagnosed with BPD and 15 matched controls were recruited. All completed the impulsiveness-venturesomeness scale (I7), the sensitivity to punishment (SP) - sensitivity to reward (SR) questionnaire, and performed a Go-NoGo block-design functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm at 3T. Correlation analyses were done with I7, SP and SR scores with the level of activation in different brain areas in the whole group. An independent group t -test was used to explore any differences between the BPD group and the matched controls. Results: I7 scores correlated negatively with activity in the left orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala and precuneus, and bilaterally in the cingulate cortices during response inhibition for the entire sample. SP yielded negative correlations in the right superior frontal gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus. No activity related to response inhibition correlated to SR. The Go-NoGo task gave similar brain activity in BPD and matched controls, but behaviourally the BPD group had significantly more commission errors in the NoGo blocks. The BPD group had increased I7 and SP scores indicating rash impulsiveness combined with heightened SP. Conclusion: These results imply that successful impulse inhibition involves interaction between the impulsive and the emotional systems. Furthermore, impulsivity in BPD is described as rash impulsivity, coexisting with increased SP. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||