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Screening Inventory (screening + inventory)
Selected AbstractsDoes subtle screening for substance abuse work?ADDICTION, Issue 1 2007A review of the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI) ABSTRACT Aim Through a complex combination of direct (face-valid) and indirect (subtle) subscales, the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI) is purported to detect substance use disorders with a high degree of validity regardless of respondent honesty or motivation. This review evaluates empirical evidence regarding the reliability and validity of this widely used screening instrument. Methods Source documents were 36 peer-reviewed reports yielding data regarding the SASSI's internal consistency, test,retest reliability, psychometric structure, convergent and divergent validity and criterion (predictive) validity. Results The total N of the studies reviewed equaled 22 110. Internal consistency is high for the overall SASSI and for its direct but not its indirect (subtle) subscales, suggesting that the instrument taps a single face-valid construct. SASSI classifications converged with those from other direct screening instruments, and were also correlated with ethnicity, general distress and social deviance. Studies found test,retest reliability lower than that reported in the test manuals. Sensitivity was found to be similar to that for public domain screening instruments, but on specificity the SASSI appears to yield a high rate of false positives. Conclusion No empirical evidence was found for the SASSI's claimed unique advantage in detecting substance use disorders through its indirect (subtle) scales to circumvent respondent denial or dishonesty. Recommendations for screening and for future research with the SASSI are offered. [source] Metabolic Markers of Cobalamin Deficiency and Cognitive Function in Normal Older AdultsJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 1 2004Angeles A. Garcia MD, FRCPC Objectives: To investigate the relationship between metabolic markers of cobalamin deficiency and cognitive function in normal older adults. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Queen's University and St. Mary's of the Lake Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Participants: Two hundred eighty-one cognitively normal, community-dwelling participants aged 65 and older. Measurements: Serum cobalamin, red blood cell folate, methylcitric acid, homocysteine, and methylmalonic acid were determined. Cognitive instruments included the California Verbal Learning Test, Mattis Dementia Rating Scale, and the Stroop Neuropsychological Screening Inventory (Stroop). Results: Serum levels of methylcitric acid had a significant negative correlation with recall, learning, and discriminability (factor 1) of the California Verbal Learning Test after adjusting for age and sex (,=,0.138, P=.019). Subjects with elevated methylcitric acid had significantly lower scores (factor 1) than subjects with normal methylcitric acid (P<.01). Bivariate analysis showed significant correlations between levels of homocysteine and the Stroop score and between cobalamin, methylmalonic acid, and homocysteine and some scores of the California Verbal Learning Test, but these relationships did not remain significant after multivariate analysis. Subjects with high homocysteine (tHcy) had lower Stroop scores than subjects with normal tHcy (P<.05). No biochemical parameters were associated with the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale scores. Conclusion: This study indicates that, in normal elderly subjects, some cognitive scores are related to serum methylcitric acid and possibly homocysteine. [source] Psychometric Properties of the Brazilian Version of the Drug Use Screening InventoryALCOHOLISM, Issue 10 2002Denise De Micheli Background Adolescent involvement with alcohol and other drugs is rising in Brazil, and there is an increasing need for psychometrically sound assessment tools to detect early drug involvement. Methods The psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI) were examined in a sample composed of 71 non,drug-dependent adolescents and 142 adolescents who met DSM-III-R criteria for drug dependence. Results With a cutoff score of 13% or lower for the absolute density index of the substance use area, DUSI correctly classified 80% of the drug-dependent adolescents and 90% of the non,drug-dependent adolescents, thus correctly classifying 83.6% of the sample. Factor analysis applied to each of the 10 DUSI areas indicated their unidimensionality, with substantial percentages of variance on the first factor. The Brazilian version of DUSI presented strong internal consistency reliability for the whole sample (drug-dependents and non,drug-dependent adolescents) with an average across all 10 scales for Cronbach's , reliability coefficient of 0.96 (standard deviation = 0.02) and for the split-half reliability coefficient of 0.88 (standard deviation = 0.08). Conclusions These results suggest that the Brazilian version of DUSI preserves its original psychometric properties and is a sensitive and useful screening instrument for drug use. [source] Developmental Characteristics of Children Aged 1,6 Years With Food RefusalPUBLIC HEALTH NURSING, Issue 1 2008en Ünlü ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the sociodemographic and developmental characteristics of children with food refusal and children with no history of feeding problems. Design: Cross-sectional case-control study. Sample: 30 children aged 1,6 years who were seen in the outpatient clinics for food refusal formed the case group, and 30 healthy children matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic status formed the control group. Methods: Anthropometric indices and early developmental characteristics of all the children in the study were evaluated and also their developmental levels were determined using the Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory. Results: The mean age of children with food refusal was 42.4±17.6 months, and the male/female ratio was 12/18. Children with food refusal had shorter mean breastfeeding durations and lower mean birth weights, body mass index, percentage height for age, and percentage weight for height values than those of the controls. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in developmental delays. Conclusions: These results suggest that food refusal may be related to lower birth weight and shorter breastfeeding duration. Further research with larger samples is needed to clarify these relationships and the effects of feeding problems on the growth and development of children. [source] The Violence Proneness Scale of the DUSI-R Predicts Adverse Outcomes Associated with Substance AbuseTHE AMERICAN JOURNAL ON ADDICTIONS, Issue 2 2009Levent Kirisci PhD Accuracy of the Violence Proneness Scale (VPS) of the Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI-R)1 was evaluated in 328 boys for predicting use of illegal drugs, DUI, selling drugs, sexually transmitted disease, car accident while under acute effects of drugs/alcohol, trading drugs for sex, injuries from a fight, and traumatic head injury. Boys were prospectively tracked from age 16 to 19 at which time these outcomes were documented in the interim period. The results demonstrated that the VPS score is a significant predictor of all outcomes. Prediction accuracy ranged between 62%,83%. These findings suggest that the VPS may be useful for identifying youths who are at high risk for using illicit drugs and commonly associated adverse outcomes. [source] Do Individuals with ADHD Self-Medicate with Cigarettes and Substances of Abuse?THE AMERICAN JOURNAL ON ADDICTIONS, Issue 2007Results from a Controlled Family Study of ADHD Studies report increased rates of cigarette and substance use in youths with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), though the mechanism of risk remains unclear. The present study tests the hypothesis that ADHD individuals "self-medicate" with cigarettes and substances of abuse. As part of five- and ten-year case-control longitudinal family studies of ADHD, responses to the Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI) were examined for evidence of self-medication. DUSI data from 90 ADHD probands and 96 control probands were obtained. Thirty-six percent of subjects reported self-medication, 25% used to get high, and 39% had unknown motivation. No significant differences were found between ADHD and controls in motivation. ADHD symptoms did not differ between self-medicators and subjects using to get high. DUSI problem scores were higher in ADHD (versus controls), those using to get high (versus self-medicators), and subjects using alcohol (versus other substances). More than one-third of adolescents and young adults endorsed using cigarettes and substances for self-medication. Studies clarifying the role of self-medication in substance use disorders are necessary. [source] | ||||||||||