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Screening Interview (screening + interview)
Selected AbstractsValidation analysis of informant's ratings of cognitive function in African Americans and NigeriansINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 7 2006Jianzhao Shen Abstract Objectives To examine informant validity using the Community Screening Interview for Dementia (CSI ,D') both cross-sectionally and longitudinally in two very different cultures and to explore the effects of informants and study participants' characteristics on the validity of informants' reports. Methods Elderly African Americans age 65 years and older residing in Indianapolis, USA and elderly Yoruba Nigerians age 65 years and older residing in Ibadan, Nigeria were assessed on cognitive functioning using the CSI ,D' at baseline (1992,1993) and five-year follow-up (1997,1998). At baseline, the informant validity in both samples was evaluated against participants' cognitive tests using Pearson correlation and regular regression models. At follow-up, informants ratings on cognitive decline were assessed against participants' cognitive decline scores from baseline to follow-up using biserial correlation and logistic regressions. Results At baseline, informants' reports on cognitive functioning significantly correlated with cognitive scores in both samples (Indianapolis:r,=,,0.43, p,<,0.001; Ibadan:r,=,,0.47, p,<,0.001). The participant,informant relationships significantly affected the informants' reports in the two samples with different patterns (p,=,0.005 for Indianapolis and p,<,0.001 for Ibadan) at a given level of cognitive functioning. African Americans spouses reported more cognitive problems, while siblings reported more problems for the Yoruba Nigerians. At follow-up, informants' ratings on cognitive decline significantly correlated with the cognitive decline scores (Indianapolis r,=,0.38, p,<,0.001; Ibadan r,=,0.32, p,<,0.001). The characteristics of study participants and informants had little impact on the informants' ratings on cognitive decline. Conclusions Informant reports are valid in assessing the cognitive functioning of study participants both cross-sectionally and longitudinally in two very different cultures, languages and environments. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Does arm length indicate cognitive and functional reserve?INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 5 2005Seul-Ki Jeong Abstract Background This study aimed to examine whether arm length and height were associated with cognitive and functional abilities. Methods Screening interviews were conducted in 235 community dwelling individuals aged 65 and over. The assessment scales included the Korean version of modified Mini-Mental State Examination (K-mMMSE) for cognition, and the Korean Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (K-IADL) for functional ability. All the participants were examined clinically and a diagnosis of dementia was ascertained. Anthropometric measurements included total arm span and height. Results Both arm length and height correlated significantly with the cognitive and functional scales. In the multivariate regression models, their associations were significant, independent of age, sex, education, and other variables. Shorter arm length was also significantly associated with dementia; while, height lost significance after an adjustment for the potential confounders. Conclusions Arm length and height could indicate cognitive and functional ability. Arm length, which was known to be less prone to degenerative processes, might be more stable as an indicator for cognitive and functional reserve capacity than height. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Health services use in women with a history of bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorderINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 1 2005Ruth H. Striegel-Moore PhD Abstract Objective The current study examined health services use during the past 12 months in a sample of young women with a history of an adolescent eating disorder (bulimia nervosa [BN] or binge eating disorder [BED]). Method A community sample of 1,582 young women (mean age = 21.5 years) was classified, based on a screening interview (and, for eating disorder diagnosis, confirmatory diagnostic interview), into one of three groups: BN or BED (n = 67), other psychiatric disorder (n = 443), and no adolescent psychiatric disorder (n = 1,072). Results A history of BN/BED in adolescence was associated with elevated health services use, but this was a general effect associated with having a psychiatric disorder, not an effect specific to the diagnosis of an eating disorder. Total service days, outpatient psychotherapy visits, and emergency department visits were elevated in the combined group of BN/BED and other psychiatric disorder participants relative to the healthy comparison group. The women with BN/BED did not differ significantly from the women with a non,eating-related psychiatric disorder in the use of these services. Discussion The similarity of health services use in young women with BN or BED and those with other psychiatric disorders underscores the clinical and economic impact of these eating disorders. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Evaluation of a screening interview for restless legs syndromeACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 1 2009C. C. Bourguet Objectives,,, We evaluated a fully structured interview for restless legs syndrome (RLS) for potential use in primary care settings and in epidemiological research. Methods,,, Seventy-four veterans were recruited at Veterans Affairs outpatient clinics. The interview was administered telephonically by trained non-clinicians (time 1) and readministered face to face (time 2). A physician conducted gold standard examinations. We calculated sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility. Results,,, Reproducibility was low (, = 0.34, P < 0.01), but was higher for interviews repeated within 1 year (, = 0.55, P < 0.01). Including those reporting ,3 symptoms as cases, sensitivity ranged from 63% (time 1) to 75% (time 2). Specificity ranged from 88% to 71%. Conclusions,,, The sensitivity and specificity reported here are lower than previously reported in specialty care. This interview for RLS might be useful for preliminary screening of patients with related complaints if followed by additional diagnostic maneuvers or might be used in observational epidemiological research. [source] Development of a brief screening interview for adjustment disorders and major depression in patients with cancerCANCER, Issue 10 2003Nobuya Akizuki M.D. Abstract BACKGROUND Adjustment disorders and major depression are common psychiatric disorders in patients with cancer and have a serious impact on quality of life. The problem in clinical oncology settings is underrecognition of these disorders; as a result, screening is recommended to detect them. The goal of the current study was to develop a new, brief screening tool for adjustment disorders and major depression and to compare its performance with that of existing screening methods. METHODS Patients with cancer completed the newly developed One-Question Interview (a 1-item, structured interview); the Distress Thermometer (a 1-item, self-report questionnaire), which previously was developed as a brief screening tool; and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS; a 14-item, self-report questionnaire). Psychiatric diagnoses of adjustment disorders and major depression were made by psychiatrists and were based on criteria set forth by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition. RESULTS Two hundred seventy-five patients participated in the study. Scores on both the One-Question Interview and the Distress Thermometer were significantly correlated with HADS score (One-Question Interview: r = ,0.66, P < 0.01; Distress Thermometer: r = 0.71, P < 0.01). At the optimal cutoff points, the sensitivity and specificity for detection of adjustment disorders and major depression were 80% and 61%, respectively, for the One-Question Interview; 84% and 61%, respectively, for the Distress Thermometer; and 92% and 57%, respectively, for the HADS. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study suggested that the One-Question Interview was a valid tool for use in screening patients with cancer for adjustment disorders and major depression. Its performance was inferior to that of the HADS but comparable to that of the Distress Thermometer. The One-Question Interview may be suitable for widespread use in routine screening. Cancer 2003;10:2605,13. © 2003 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.11358 [source] Risk indicators of edentulism, partial tooth loss and prosthetic status among black and white middle-aged and older adultsCOMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 5 2001Teresa A. Dolan Abstract ,Objectives: To describe the prevalence and risk indicators of edentulism; to describe the frequencies of wearing removable dentures; to describe the prevalence and risk indicators of fixed prosthetic restorations; to test the hypothesis that fixed prosthetic restorations are most likely to have been placed in persons at lower risk for dental and periodontal diseases, and to test the hypothesis that, with dental disease, dental behaviors, dental attitudes and ability to afford crowns taken into account, blacks are less likely than whites to have received crowns. Methods: The Florida Dental Care Study is a cohort study of subjects 45 years old or older. A telephone screening interview was done as a first stage to identify 5254 subjects who met eligibility requirements and who self-reported whether they were edentulous. In a second stage, a subsample of dentate subjects was contacted after they completed their telephone screening interview. Of these, 873 subjects completed a baseline in-person interview and dental examination. Results: A total of 19% of first-stage subjects were edentulous. In a single multiple logistic regression, having a poorer self-rated level of general health was significantly associated with edentulism, as were being poor, older and white. Among the second-stage participants (all of whom were dentate), several prosthetic patterns were observed. For example, a total of 64% of maxillary full denture wearers reported wearing their denture all the time. Participants had also received numerous fixed prosthodontic services. The proportion of subjects with at least one crown varied widely by subject characteristics. Conclusions: A substantial percentage of non-ideal frequencies of wearing removable prostheses was reported, as were prosthesis-related soreness and broken prostheses. Although we expected and observed an association between having a fixed prosthetic crown and periodontal status, dental fillings, dental attitudes and financial resources, a residual association with race suggests that blacks are much less likely to receive prosthetic crowns. The several possible reasons for this circumstance warrant further investigation. [source] | ||||||||||