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Scientific Debate (scientific + debate)
Selected AbstractsDodo birds, doctors and the evidence of evidenceINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOANALYTIC STUDIES, Issue 4 2008Jason Freddi Abstract This paper asks what is evidence-based psychology and looks at the ways in which psychoanalysts have sought to engage with the challenges posed by this method of deciding best science. The paper examines the evidence for the evidence-based method and looks at how psychoanalysts have attempted to shift the scientific debate from evidence-based models to practice-based, outcome driven models and, ultimately, to a patient-therapy approach that seeks to marry best practice with a spirit of open-minded assessment of alternatives. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Intuitions and introspections about imagery: the role of imagery experience in shaping an investigator's theoretical viewsAPPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2003Daniel Reisberg Early in a scientific debate, before much evidence has accumulated, why are some scientists inclined toward one position and other scientists toward the opposite position? We explore this issue with a focus on scientists' views of the ,imagery debate' that unfolded in Cognitive Science during the late 1970s and early 1980s. We examine the possibility that, during the early years of this debate, researchers' views were shaped by their own conscious experiences with imagery. Consistent with this suggestion, a survey of 150 psychologists, philosophers, and neuroscientists showed that those who experienced their own visual imagery as vivid and picture-like recall being more sympathetic in 1980 to the view that, in general, images are picture-like. Similarly, those who have vivid images and who regularly use their images in cognition were more inclined to believe that issues of image vividness deserve more research. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A Serpent without Teeth.CENTAURUS, Issue 2 20071875), The Conservative Transformism of Jean-Baptiste d'Omalius d'Halloy (178 This essay, however, wants to indicate that in the same time period, a more moderate (even conservative) transformism was developed in the well-respected centres of scientific debate. It does so by concentrating on the intellectual trajectory of the Belgian Jean-Baptiste d'Omalius d'Halloy, not only a geologist of European reputation but also a noted conservative and catholic aristocrat. On the basis of previously unused archival material, this essay researches how d'Omalius developed his evolutionist ideas, starting from the lessons he took with Lamarck in the beginning of the 19th century and ending with the last transformist publications he published as a 90-year-old in the 1870s. Furthermore, the essay analyses how d'Omalius adapted Lamarck's transformist ideas to his personal worldview and looks at the tactics he used to open a space for the evolution debate. In this way, it shows a largely unknown aspect of the transforming of transformism in mid-19th-century science. [source] Galilei's astronomical discoveries using the telescope and their evaluation found in a writing-calendar from 1611ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN, Issue 6 2009K.-D. Herbst Abstract Yearly calendars were a mass-produced article in early modern times and had an enormous importance in everyday life. Besides a first part, the Calendarium with the monthly tables, they contain a second part, the astrological Prognosticum. At first, the two parts were sold separately. In the second half of the 17th century, the parts were designed as a unity and sold together. The calendars in quart format contain texts which are so interesting that historical research should give them more consideration. Such a text is found, e.g., in the second part of the calendar for 1611, written by Paul Nagel, astronomer and rector of the school in Torgau. Nagel informs about Galilei's discoveries with the telescope. The (Latin) text was written in August 1610. This text is presented and put into perspective in the scientific debates of the time about the telescope as a new invention with consequences to philosophy (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Hermann Stieve's clinical-anatomical research on executed women during the "Third Reich"CLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 2 2009Andreas Winkelmann Abstract Hermann Stieve (1886,1952) was Director of the Berlin Institute of Anatomy from 1935 to 1952. His research on the female reproductive system is controversial, as some of his scientific insights derived from histological investigations on the genital organs of executed women. These investigations were made possible by the sharp increase in executions during the "Third Reich." Stieve's research was methodologically accurate and contributed significantly to contemporary scientific debates. Nevertheless, his use of the organs of execution victims, some of them resistance fighters, benefited from the Nazi justice system. He thus indirectly supported this system of injustice. The allegation, however, that Stieve "ordered" the death of prison inmates according to their menstrual cycle, appears to be incorrect. An appraisal of Stieve's research should avoid traditional black-and-white classifications of research during Nazi times. In our opinion, Stieve was neither a murderer nor a fervent Nazi. Nevertheless, his research results were flawed by their ethical and political context. Stieve will remain a somber footnote in the biographies of many execution victims. Clin. Anat. 22:163,171, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||