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Average Glucose (average + glucose)

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Low-fat vs. high-fat bedtime snacks in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

PEDIATRIC DIABETES, Issue 4pt1 2008
Darrell Wilson
Objective:, The purpose of this study was to determine whether, in a group of children with type 1 diabetes using insulin pump, a prebedtime snack with a relatively high fat content provides greater protection from nocturnal hypoglycemia than a snack containing the same amount of carbohydrate and protein but a lower fat content. Research design and methods:, Ten subjects, aged 6 to <18 yr, in a trial evaluating the Abbott Navigator glucose sensor, agreed to this ancillary study. On 12 or more separate nights, each subject was randomized by a Web site to a carbohydrate,low-fat (30 g CHO, 2.5 g protein, and 1.3 g fat; 138 kcal) snack or a carbohydrate,high-fat (30 g CHO, 2 g protein, and 20 g fat; 320 kcal) snack. Subjects used their usual evening snack algorithm to determine the size (in 15-g carbohydrate increments) and insulin dosage. Results:, Average glucose on 128 valid study nights before snack was similar in both groups. The proportion of nights with hypoglycemia (a sensor or meter glucose value ,70 mg/dL) was similar in both groups (19% high fat vs. 20% low fat), as was the proportion of nights with hyperglycemia (a glucose ,200 mg/dL and at least 50 mg/dL above baseline, 35% high fat vs. 30% low fat). Conclusions:, There were no statistical differences between the high- and low-fat snacks on the frequency of hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia. This study highlights the feasibility of web-based research in patients' home environment. [source]

Consensus meeting on reporting glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and estimated average glucose (eAG) in the UK: report to the National Director for Diabetes, Department of Health

DIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 4 2008
J. H. Barth
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Estimated average glucose derived from HbA1c (eAG): report from European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), Amsterdam 2007

DIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 2 2008
S. E. Manley
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Assessment of glycemic control by continuous glucose monitoring system in 50 children with type 1 diabetes starting on insulin pump therapy

PEDIATRIC DIABETES, Issue 3 2004
Dorothee Deiss
Abstract:, Objective:, To report experience with a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) and to identify factors influencing glycemic control in a large cohort of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and change to insulin pump therapy via continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Research design and methods:, In 50 patients [21 boys, 29 girls; median age 12.6 yr (range: 1.3,16.4 yr); diabetes duration 5.0 yr (0.2,13.3)], hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and ambulatory CGMS were performed before and 6 wk after starting CSII. Average glucose concentration per 24 h, during day and night time as well as number of excursions, duration, and area under the curve (AUC) of glucose values above 180 mg/dL and below 60 mg/dL were calculated from CGMS data. Simultaneously, metabolic control was documented by standardized self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Results:, In the total cohort, HbA1c improved from 8.1 ± 1.2% at baseline to 7.7 ± 0.9% after 6 wk of CSII (p < 0.001). This effect was more distinct in boys (8.0 ± 1.4 vs. 7.5 ± 1.1%, p = 0.007) than in girls (8.1 ± 1.1 vs. 7.8 ± 0.7%, p = 0.039) as well as in patients with poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 8.0%) at baseline (8.9 ± 0.6 vs. 8.1 ± 0.8%, p < 0.001) and in those older than 12 yr (8.2 ± 1.2 vs. 7.7 ± 1.0%, p < 0.001). At 6 wk of CSII, the values of glucose average per 24 h, AUC and time above 180 mg/dL, particularly during the day, improved. HbA1c was correlated with AUC above 180 mg/dL (r = 0.742, p < 0.001) and CGMS average glucose per 24 h (r = 0.628, p = 0.002), but to a lesser extent with SMBG values (r = 0.418, p = 0.054). Conclusion:, With the change to CSII, HbA1c improved significantly after 6 wk of therapy. CGMS usage provided additional information about glycemic control in these patients. [source]