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Satellite Nodules (satellite + nodule)
Selected AbstractsExpression, regulation, and function of ,V integrins in hepatocellular carcinoma: An in vivo and in vitro studyHEPATOLOGY, Issue 2 2002Mimoun Nejjari The expression of ,V integrins by neoplastic cells contributes to the promotion of local invasion and metastasis. The most characteristic extracellular ligands of ,V integrins are vitronectin and fibronectin. Hepatocytes are the main source of vitronectin, and the capacity to synthesize and secrete vitronectin is usually retained in hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to explore the expression, regulation, and functional role of ,V integrins in hepatocellular carcinoma. We first analyzed the expression of ,V integrins and their ligands fibronectin and vitronectin in 80 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. ,V integrin chain was detected in 44 cases and vitronectin in 50. Twenty-four of the 44 ,V-positive tumors contained large amounts of vitronectin. These cases presented more frequently with adverse histoprognostic factors, including infiltrative growth pattern (62.5%), lack of capsule (71%), presence of capsular invasion (57%), and satellite nodules (50%). We then used HepG2 and Hep3B cell lines as in vitro models to study ,V integrin regulation and function. HepG2 and Hep3B cells expressed ,V integrin chain and used ,V,1 and ,V,5 for adhesion and migration on vitronectin. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) , and transforming growth factor (TGF) , significantly increased the expression levels of ,V integrins and stimulated the adhesion and migration of both HepG2 and Hep3B cell lines on vitronectin. The effects of growth factors on cell adhesion and migration were reproduced by incubation with conditioned medium from rat liver myofibroblasts. In conclusion, our results support the existence of an ,V integrin/vitronectin connection in hepatocellular carcinoma and suggest that this connection may be an adverse prognostic factor. [source] Gastrointestinal stromal tumours: A clinico-radiologic review from a single centre in South IndiaJOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIATION ONCOLOGY, Issue 6 2009A Singh Summary Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are rare tumours but are the commonest mesenchymal neoplasms in the gastrointestinal tract. To our knowledge, there is no large case series in Asian countries in which a clinico-radiological descriptive analysis of these tumours has been carried out. In this retrospective study, we analysed our experience of 70 patients with histopathologically proven GISTs, who were presurgically investigated by using CT, and describe the demography, anatomical distribution, imaging features and clinical course of the GIST. We found an unusually large predominance of males in our study, stomach and small bowel appeared to have been involved similarly and small bowel tumours had a higher rate of metastases. We also highlight some unusual CT features of these tumours that we encountered during the study, such as the presence of metastatic lymphadenopathy and satellite nodules, relapse in appendices epiploicae of the bowel, metachronous liposarcoma, adrenal and lung metastases, multiplicity of lesions and aneurysmal dilatation of the bowel. Two of our patients also had multiple neurofibromas, whose association with GIST has been seen in earlier reports. To the best of our knowledge, this article presents one of the largest series of articles on GISTs, to date, in Asian countries. We conclude with a differential diagnosis of GIST, with salient features distinguishing each entity. [source] Granular cell tumor of the oral cavity: updated immunohistochemical profileJOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 1 2009Marilena Vered Background:, Granular cell tumor (GCT) is a benign lesion that occurs at different body sites with preponderance to the oral cavity. It is generally believed to be of schwann cell/neural cell origin. We used a large panel of both traditional and recently developed antibodies in an attempt to trace the origin of GCTs on the basis of their immunoprofile. Methods:, The patients' demographic data and the cytological and architectural features of the lesions were analyzed in a large series of oral GCTs (n = 68). Forty-two lesions were also submitted to a panel of immunohistochemical stains with antibodies against S-100, CD-68 (KP-1 and PG-M1), vimentin, calretinin, NKI/C3, PGP9.5, p75/NGFR and inhibin-,. Results:, The tongue was the most common location of oral GCTs (81%). The granular cells demonstrated a wide array of cytological features in terms of cell shape and position of the nucleus. In addition, the lesions showed different architectural patterns, including ,infiltration' with satellite nodules. Interestingly, no recurrences were reported, even in lesions that were not completely excised. Granular cells were usually found to be strongly and diffusely positive for p75, vimentin, calretinin and NKI/C3, inhibin-,, PGP9.5, and S-100. Conclusions:, Immunoreactivity of the granular cells to a broad panel of antibodies that characterize different tissues does not confirm any particular cell type for the histogenetic origin of GCTs. Furthermore, GCTs could be regarded as lesions that reflect a local metabolic or reactive change rather than a true neoplasm. [source] Histopathology of Pleomorphic Adenoma in the Parotid Gland: A Prospective Unselected Series of 100 Cases,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 12 2001Eberhard Stennert MD Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis Histopathological characteristics of pleomorphic adenomas, especially of capsular alterations such as thin capsule areas, capsule-free regions, capsule penetration, satellite nodules, and pseudopodia in the different subtypes, are described. Study Design Prospective unselected series of 100 consecutive cases from 1997 to 2000. Methods Light microscopic examination and semiquantitative analysis of the pleomorphic adenomas. Results Fifty-one (51%) pleomorphic adenomas were classified as myxoid (stroma-rich) type, 35 (35%) specimens as cellular type, and 14 (14%) as classic subtype. Ninety-seven percent of all tumors showed areas with thin (<20 ,m) capsule independent of the tumor subtype. Tumors of myxoid subtype showed the absolute greatest regions of a thin capsule. Especially, tumors of myxoid type (71%) often had a distinct focal absence of encapsulation with tumor merging into normal parotid gland tissue; 11% of the cellular subtype and 43% of the classic subtype presented capsule-free areas. Thirty-three percent of the myxoid pleomorphic adenomas, 23% of the cellular subtype, and 21% of the classic subtype had satellite nodules or pseudopodia. Conclusions Almost all pleomorphic adenomas have focally thin capsules. One-fourth of all pleomorphic adenomas contain abnormalities such as satellite nodules or pseudopodia. More than two-thirds of pleomorphic adenomas of the myxoid (stroma-rich) subtype and at least half of all tumors show a focal absence of the capsule. Therefore, enucleation or local dissection of the pleomorphic adenoma is not a sufficient surgical treatment of this special tumor entity. We recommend, depending on the location of the tumor, a lateral or total parotidectomy as the treatment of choice. [source] Progression of Alphafetoprotein Before Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Cirrhotic Patients: A Critical FactorAMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 1 2010E. Vibert Liver transplantation (LT) for cirrhotic/Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with reduced survival in patients with poor histological features. Preoperative levels of alphafetoprotein (AFP) could predict negative biological features. AFP progression could be more relevant than static AFP levels in predicting LT outcomes. A total of 252 cirrhotic/HCC patients transplanted between 1985 and 2005 were reviewed. One hundred fifty-three patients were analyzed, 99 excluded (for nonsecreting tumors and/or salvage transplantation). Using receiver operating characteristics analysis for recurrence after LT, ,progression' of AFP was defined by >15 ,g/L per month before LT. A total of 127 (83%) were transplanted under and 26(16%) over this threshold. After 45 months of follow-up (median), 5-year overall survival (OS) and recurrence free-survival (RFS) were 72% and 69%, respectively. Five-year survival in the progression group was lower than the nonprogression group (OS 54% vs. 77%; RFS 47% vs. 74%). Multivariate analysis showed progression of AFP >15 ,g/L per month and preoperative nodules >3 were associated with decreased OS. Progression group and age >60 years were associated with decreased RFS. Male gender, progression of AFP and size of tumor >30 mm were associated with satellite nodules and/or vascular invasion. In conclusion, increasing AFP >15 ,g/L/month while waiting for LT is the most relevant preoperative prognostic factor for low OS/DFS. AFP progression could be a pathological preoperative marker of tumor aggressiveness. [source] | ||||||||||