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Sampling Conditions (sampling + condition)
Selected AbstractsEFFECTS OF SAMPLING CONDITIONS ON TEMPORAL PERCEPTION OF BITTERNESS IN YERBA MATE (ILEX PARAGUARIENSIS) INFUSIONSJOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES, Issue 3 2004AMALIA CALVIÑO ABSTRACT Time-intensity (TI) methodology and a trained panel were used to characterize the perceived bitterness of Yerba mate (YM) Ilex paraguariensis infusions. Two sampling procedures (sip and spit; sip and swallow) and two conditions for residence time in mouth (free or fixed duration of 5 s until spit or swallow) were evaluated. At a fixed duration the maximum bitterness as well as the time to reach it showed a significant YM concentration dependence. No change on bitterness was observed by swallowing or spitting YM infusions except a larger rate of decay of the response (vr) at spit condition. Dynamic bitterness at free sampling time showed that the decision period to spit or swallow the YM infusion approximately duplicated the fixed one of 5 s. [source] Provably Good 2D Shape Reconstruction from Unorganized Cross-SectionsCOMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM, Issue 5 2008Pooran Memari Abstract This paper deals with the reconstruction of 2-dimensional geometric shapes from unorganized 1-dimensional cross-sections. We study the problem in its full generality following the approach of Boissonnat and Memari [BM07] for the analogous 3D problem. We propose a new variant of this method and provide sampling conditions to guarantee that the output of the algorithm has the same topology as the original object and is close to it (for the Hausdorff distance). [source] The potential of current high-resolution imaging-based particle size distribution measurements for crystallization monitoringAICHE JOURNAL, Issue 4 2009P. A. Larsen Abstract High-speed, in situ video microscopy is a promising technology for measuring critical solid-phase properties in suspension crystallization processes. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of high-resolution, video-imaging-based particle size distribution (PSD) measurement by applying image analysis and statistical estimation tools to images from a simulated batch crystallization of an industrial photochemical. The results also demonstrate the ability to monitor important quality parameters, such as the ratio of nuclei mass to seed mass, that cannot be monitored by conventional technologies. General recommendations are given for achieving appropriate sampling conditions to enable effective imaging-based PSD measurement. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009 [source] Potential of solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography for quarantine-required detection of wood packaging in shipping containersJOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, JSS, Issue 7 2007Nicole A. More Abstract Solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography (GC) was used to detect terpene hydrocarbons inside shipping containers entering New Zealand. The utility of this system for the rapid detection of undeclared wood packaging for quarantine purposes was demonstrated. A portable dynamic air-sampling device was built to house a SPME fibre and allow the air from shipping containers to be sampled. The effects of sample flow rate and sampling time were investigated and sampling conditions of 100 mL/min for 30 s were chosen to keep sampling within the linear range. A CV of less than 15% (n = 12) was obtained for all the compounds analysed under these conditions. To obtain an estimate for the limit of detection (LOD) for the terpene hydrocarbons of interest, small quantities of lime oil were placed in an empty shipping container and the air inside was analysed. LOD (S/N = 3) was estimated to be in the order of 50,100 ng/L of air using GC with flame ionisation detection (GC-FID). Finally, the device was tested in fully laden containers and was shown to be effective for trapping terpene hydrocarbons indicative of wood packaging. [source] Investigation of Gibbs sampling conditions to estimate variance components from Japanese Black carcass field dataANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2009Aisaku ARAKAWA ABSTRACT The genetic evaluation using the carcass field data in Japanese Black cattle has been carried out employing an animal model, implementing the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimation of additive genetic and residual variances. Because of rapidly increasing volumes of the official data sets and therefore larger memory spaces required, an alternative approach like the REML estimation could be useful. The purpose of this study was to investigate Gibbs sampling conditions for the single-trait variance component estimation using the carcass field data. As prior distributions, uniform and normal distributions and independent scaled inverted chi-square distributions were used for macro-environmental effects, breeding values, and the variance components, respectively. Using the data sets of different sizes, the influences of Gibbs chain length and thinning interval were investigated, after the burn-in period was determined using the coupling method. As would be expected, the chain lengths had obviously larger effects on the posterior means than those of thinning intervals. The posterior means calculated using every 10th sample from 90 000 of samples after 10 000 samples discarded as burn-in period were all considered to be reasonably comparable to the corresponding estimates by REML. [source] Fluctuations in concentration of two potyviruses in garlic during the growing period and sampling conditions for reliable detection by ELISAANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY, Issue 1 2002C I DOVAS Summary To optimise sampling conditions for the detection by ELISA of Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) and Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV), the most important viral pathogens of garlic worldwide, relative virus concentrations were determined during the growing period and in different leaf parts by DAS-ELISA. Both viruses were found to have uneven distributions in garlic plants, with the tips of the two latest fully developed leaves showing the highest concentrations and the oldest leaves the lowest concentrations. The tips of the youngest leaves were found to have higher virus concentrations than their middle and basal sections. In the older leaves, viruses were distributed more uniformly in the three leaf sections. In the oldest leaves virus levels in the leaf tips were significantly decreased. The concentrations of OYDV and LYSV increased until March, whereas later on they decreased. During storage of leaf samples at 6°C for 15 days, a loss was found of both virus antigens of more than 80%, and during 109 days of storage at ,30°C a loss of more than 90% was found. [source] Estimating Abundance Using Mark,Resight When Sampling Is with Replacement or the Number of Marked Individuals Is UnknownBIOMETRICS, Issue 1 2009Brett T. McClintock Summary Although mark,resight methods can often be a less expensive and less invasive means for estimating abundance in long-term population monitoring programs, two major limitations of the estimators are that they typically require sampling without replacement and/or the number of marked individuals available for resighting to be known exactly. These requirements can often be difficult to achieve. Here we address these limitations by introducing the Poisson log and zero-truncated Poisson log-normal mixed effects models (PNE and ZPNE, respectively). The generalized framework of the models allow the efficient use of covariates in modeling resighting rate and individual heterogeneity parameters, information-theoretic model selection and multimodel inference, and the incorporation of individually unidentified marks. Both models may be implemented using standard statistical computing software, but they have also been added to the mark,recapture freeware package Program MARK. We demonstrate the use and advantages of (Z)PNE using black-tailed prairie dog data recently collected in Colorado. We also investigate the expected relative performance of the models in simulation experiments. Compared to other available estimators, we generally found (Z)PNE to be more precise with little or no loss in confidence interval coverage. With the recent introduction of the logit-normal mixed effects model and (Z)PNE, a more flexible and efficient framework for mark,resight abundance estimation is now available for the sampling conditions most commonly encountered in these studies. [source] | |||||||||||||