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Safe Products (safe + products)
Selected AbstractsSensory, clinical and physiological factors in sensitive skin: a reviewCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 1 2006Miranda A. Farage Certain individuals experience more intense and frequent adverse sensory effects than the normal population after topical use of personal care products, a phenomenon known in popular usage as sensitive skin. Consumer reports of sensitive skin are self-diagnosed and often not verifiable by objective signs of physical irritation. Companies who manufacture cosmetic and personal care products are challenged to provide safe products to an audience with tremendous differences in skin type, culture and habits. This review examines the still incomplete understanding of this phenomenon with respect to aetiology, diagnosis, appropriate testing methods, possible contributing host factors such as, sex, ethnicity, age, anatomical site, cultural and environmental factors, and the future directions needed for research. [source] Abstracts: New alternatives to cosmetics preservationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Issue 5 2010S. Papageorgiou pp. 107,123 This work was partially presented at the 7th Joint Meeting of AFRP, ASP, GA, PSE and SIF, Athens, Greece, and at the XIIIth COSMODERM Joint Meeting of ESCAD and the Hellenic Society of Dermatology and Venerology, Athens, Greece. In recent years, there is a considerable interest in the development of preservative-free or self-preserving cosmetics. The aim of our work was to develop new cosmetic formulations by replacing chemical preservatives with ingredients with antimicrobial properties that are not legislated as preservatives according to Annex VI of Commission Directive 76/768/EEC. This paper describes the preservative efficacy of the well-known antimicrobial extracts of Lonicera caprifoleum and Lonicera japonica in combination with glyceryl caprylate and/or levulinic acid, p-anisic acid, and ethanol. We prepared a series of acidic (pH = 5.5) aqueous and O/W formulations, i.e., tonic lotion, shampoo, shower gel, conditioning cream, anticellulite cream, cleansing milk and peeling cream, containing (0.2% w/w) Lonicera extracts, alone in the case of tonic lotion and in combination with (1% w/w) glyceryl caprylate in the other products, and we performed challenge tests according to the European Pharmacopoeia procedures and criteria. Formulations such as shampoo, shower gel, and conditioning cream fulfilled criterion A, while tonic lotion, anticellulite cream, cleansing milk, and peeling cream fulfilled criterion B, in regard to contamination from A. niger. Furthermore, we evaluated the efficacy of the antimicrobial systems in two states of use: the intact product and after 3 weeks of consumer use. The results showed that A. niger was also detected during use by consumers in the products that satisfied only criterion B in challenge tests. The addition of antimicrobial fragrance ingredients such (,0.3% w/w) levulinic acid or (0.1% w/w) p-anisic acid and/or (5% w/w) ethanol afforded products that met criterion A in challenge tests and were also microbiologically safe during use. The small quantity (5% w/w) of ethanol gave an important assistance in order to boost the self-preserving system and to produce stable and safe products. [source] Potential sources of food hazards in emerging commercial aquaculture industry in sub-Saharan Africa: a case study for UgandaINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 9 2009Ananias Bagumire Summary A study was conducted to assess sources of food hazards in Uganda's emerging commercial aquaculture industry based on Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP), focusing on inputs, their sources and farm-practices on ten representative commercial farms. Critical control points (CCPs) were identified to reveal potential hazards that would jeopardise any export trade. Site selection, water quality, fertiliser, fish seed, fish rearing facilities, feeds, and post-harvest practices were the main CCPs identified. Animal manure was used to generate plankton as pond fertiliser in nine of the ten surveyed farms and veterinary drugs were not found in any of the ten farms, which is starkly different from aquaculture in indutrialised countries. Potential sources of hazards from water were mainly: municipal waste flow which was more likely on five of the ten farms, domestic waste (four farms), agricultural run-off (three farms), and low water pH (three farms). Fish fry and fingerlings from other farms, feeds formulated on-farm from unapproved sources, chemical products, uncontrolled fish predators, and domestic animal and human activities were the other potential sources of hazards. A complete application of HACCP is recommended for producing safe products that meet the strict market standards of developed countries. [source] EFFECT OF THERMOPHILIC LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ON THE FATE OF ENTEROBACTER SAKAZAKII DURING PROCESSING AND STORAGE OF PLAIN YOGURTJOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY, Issue 2 2008REYAD R. SHAKER ABSTRACT Survival and growth of Enterobacter sakazakii during processing and storage of plain yogurt were investigated. Preheated rehydrated milk was inoculated with a cocktail culture of E. sakazakii (103 cfu/mL of milk) and/or with thermophilic yogurt starter culture of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus. The inoculated milk was incubated at 40C for 5 h, then the samples were cooled and subsequently stored at 4C for up to 7 days. The results showed that E. sakazakii grew at an early stage of fermentation but declined at the end of the process. There was no significant difference between the populations of E. sakazakii in the presence or absence of lactic acid bacteria during the first 4 h of the incubation period but there was significant difference during the last hour of the incubation period. The populations of E. sakazakii decreased significantly during cooling and storage of yogurt (pH 4.2,4.7) compared with nonfermented milk samples at 4C. The presence of E. sakazakii did not have a significant effect on the growth of LAB during fermentation and storage of yogurt. The results obtained from this study indicate that the pH of yogurt and storage temperature were critical to the survival and growth of E. sakazakii in the manufacture of plain yogurt. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Enterobacter sakazakii prevalence in milk products and the production environment has been documented. The results obtained from this study may be of use to dairy producers to manufacture safe products using thermophilic lactic acid bacteria. These bacteria decreased the pH of milk in less than 5 h, resulting in E. sakazakii reduction. pH of yogurt during the fermentation process is a critical control point that should be monitored to produce safe products. [source] Better Regulation of Industry-Sponsored Clinical Trials Is Long OverdueTHE JOURNAL OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS, Issue 3 2009Matthew Wynia Regulating clinical trials for testing new drugs is fraught with risk. Misregulation can slow development of innovative and useful new drugs, but in other ways misregulation can foster trials that are inefficient and unethical, driven by commercial rather than scientific ends, and that can harm patients. In this paper, we argue not for more but for better regulation, based on the goal of rapidly producing innovative and safe products that represent significant advances in medical care. Data on industry-funded, late-stage clinical trials demonstrate an urgent need for dramatic changes in how these trials are designed, conducted, and analyzed. On the one hand, current patent rules can dissuade development of innovative new products with smaller markets and press trial designers to create positive results too rapidly. But at the same time, numerous studies show that when the pharmaceutical industry sponsors clinical trials, the results are systematically biased in favor of the sponsor's product, often to the detriment of patients and the public. The reasons for this bias are both complex and unavoidable, and the ways in which clinical trial design, conduct, and reporting can be inappropriately influenced are so varied and nuanced, that efforts to manage this conflict of interest and prevent harms are inevitably unsuccessful. Instead, we conclude such conflict should be avoided and a strong firewall should exist between drug developers and the final stages of clinical testing in humans. All financial support for phase III clinical trials should pass through a public-private partnership organization , perhaps tied to a broader clinical effectiveness research enterprise , which would be charged with designing, funding, and monitoring late-stage human clinical trials of new pharmaceutical products. [source] | |||||||||||||