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Autogenous Bone (autogenous + bone)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	95%

Terms modified by Autogenous Bone

autogenous bone chip

autogenous bone graft

Selected Abstracts

A 5-Year Prospective Follow-Up Study of Implant-Supported Fixed Prostheses in Patients Subjected to Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation with an 80:20 Mixture of Bovine Hydroxyapatite and Autogenous Bone

CLINICAL IMPLANT DENTISTRY AND RELATED RESEARCH, Issue 2 2004
Mats Hallman DDS
ABSTRACT Background: Prospective long-term follow-up studies evaluating the use of bone substitutes to enable dental implant placement and integration are rare. Purpose: This study was undertaken to evaluate the survival rate of dental implants placed 6 months after maxillary sinus floor augmentation using a mixture of 80% bovine hydroxyapatite (BH) and 20% autogenous bone (AB). Material and Methods: Twenty patients subjected to 30 maxillary sinus floor grafting procedures using fibrin glue and an 80:20 mixture of BH and AB to enable placement of dental implants 6 months later were followed for 5 years of functional loading. Clinical and radiographic examinations of the grafts and implants were performed. Results: After 5 years of functional loading with fixed bridges, 15 of 108 implants had been lost, giving a cumulative survival rate of 86%. The mean marginal bone loss after 5 years was 1.3 ± 1.1 mm. Conclusion: Grafting of the maxillary sinus with a mixture of BH and AB and later placements of turned implants could be performed with predictable long-term results. All but one of the patients who were observed had functional fixed bridges after 5 years of functional loading. [source]

Bone regeneration in rabbit sinus lifting associated with bovine BMP

JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH, Issue 2 2004
Sergio Allegrini Jr.
Abstract Autogenous bone is considered the optimal grafting material for sinus lifting, although its harvesting causes great patient discomfort. Various approaches have been taken in order to obtain sinus lifting with preexisting tissue. However, because of the unsuitability of such tissue, additional materials have been required. Alternatively, biomaterials from humans or other animals are used. In this study, the efficacy of using morphogenetic bovine bone protein (BMPb) to augment the maxillary sinus floor was examined. Four grafting materials were employed: lyophilized bovine bone powder, absorbable collagen flakes, natural hydroxylapatite, and synthetic hydroxylapatite. Two groups of rabbits were studied. In one group, graft material only was used. In the other, graft material was combined with 0.5 mg BMPb. During 8 weeks of observation, polyfluorochrome tracers were injected in subcutaneous tissue to evaluate new bone- deposition periods. Following sacrifice, the samples were examined under fluorescent and light microscopes. Results indicated 33.34% more newly formed bone in BMPb animals than in controls. Graft-material resorption increased, but natural HA showed no significant alterations. The results show that the use of BMPb, although providing osteoinduction, might not promote sufficient bone formation. Nonetheless, this material could provide an alternative to autogenous grafts, thereby avoiding patient discomfort. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 68B: 127,131, 2004 [source]

Maxillary Sinus Elevation Surgery: An Overview

JOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY, Issue 5 2003
ELIAZ KAUFMAN DDS
ABSTRACT Maxillary sinus elevation surgery was developed to increase the height of bone available for implant placement in the posterior maxilla. The efficacy and predictability of this procedure have been determined in numerous studies. The basic approach to the sinus (Caldwell-Luc operation) involves an osteotomy performed on the lateral maxillary wall, elevation of the sinus membrane, and placement of bone graft material. The graft materials can be categorized into four groups: autogenous bone, allografts (harvested from human cadavers), alloplasts (synthetic materials), and xenografts (grafts from a nonhuman species). These graft materials can be used alone or in combination with each other. Implant placement can occur at the same surgical procedure (immediate placement) or following a healing period of 6 to 9 months (delayed placement). A more conservative approach to the sinus, the osteotome technique, has been described as well. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This article provides an overview of the surgical technique, with emphasis on anatomic considerations, preoperative patient evaluation (clinical and radiographic), indications and contraindications to the procedure, and possible risks and complications. [source]

Repair of mandible defect with tissue engineering bone in rabbits

ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 11 2005
Zhi Li
Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of tissue engineering bone composed of bone marrow-derived osteoblasts and demineralized bone in repairing mandible defect. Methods: Bone marrow-derived osteoblasts of 20 rabbits were cultured and seeded into scaffold of allogeneic demineralized bone to construct tissue engineering bone graft in vitro, which was used to repair the 10 × 5-mm bone defect made in the same rabbit mandible edge. Implant of demineralized bone alone was as the control. Rabbits were killed according to the schedule: five after 2 weeks, five after 4 weeks, five after 8 weeks, five after 12 weeks, and the implants were harvested for gross, radiographic, and histological observation. Results: New bone formation at the margin region of defect and osteogenesis at the centre were observed in the implant of tissue engineering bone, and the bone formation pattern included osteogenesis, osteoconduction, and osteoinduction. In the implant of demineralized bone alone, the major bone formation pattern was ,creeping substitute'. Conclusions: The tissue engineering bone graft constructed by autogenous bone marrow-derived osteoblasts and allogeneic demineralized bone was better than demineralized bone alone in bone formation capability, which might be an ideal graft for bone defect repair. [source]

Interventions for replacing missing teeth: bone augmentation techniques for dental implant treatment

AUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 1 2009
M Esposito
Background:, Dental implants require sufficient bone to be adequately stabilized. For some patients implant treatment would not be an option without bone augmentation. A variety of materials and surgical techniques are available for bone augmentation. Objectives:, General objectives: To test the null hypothesis of no difference in the success, function, morbidity and patient satisfaction between different bone augmentation techniques for dental implant treatment. Specific objectives: (A) to test whether and when augmentation procedures are necessary; (B) to test which is the most effective augmentation technique for specific clinical indications. Trials were divided into three broad categories according to different indications for the bone augmentation techniques: (1) major vertical or horizontal bone augmentation or both; (2) implants placed in extraction sockets; (3) fenestrated implants. Search strategy:, The Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched. Several dental journals were handsearched. The bibliographies of review articles were checked, and personal references were searched. More than 55 implant manufacturing companies were also contacted. Last electronic search was conducted on 9 January 2008. Selection criteria:, Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of different techniques and materials for augmenting bone for implant treatment reporting the outcome of implant therapy at least to abutment connection. Data collection and analysis:, Screening of eligible studies, assessment of the methodological quality of the trials and data extraction were conducted independently and in duplicate. Authors were contacted for any missing information. Results were expressed as random-effects models using mean differences for continuous outcomes and odd ratios for dichotomous outcomes with 95% confidence intervals. The statistical unit of the analysis was the patient. Main results:, Seventeen RCTs out of 40 potentially eligible trials reporting the outcome of 455 patients were suitable for inclusion. Since different techniques were evaluated in different trials, no meta-analysis could be performed. Ten trials evaluated different techniques for vertical or horizontal bone augmentation or both. Four trials evaluated different techniques of bone grafting for implants placed in extraction sockets and three trials evaluated different techniques to treat bone dehiscence or fenestrations around implants. Authors' conclusions:, Major bone grafting procedures of resorbed mandibles may not be justified. Bone substitutes (Bio-Oss or Cerasorb) may replace autogenous bone for sinus lift procedures of atrophic maxillary sinuses. Various techniques can augment bone horizontally and vertically, but it is unclear which is the most efficient. It is unclear whether augmentation procedures at immediate single implants placed in fresh extraction sockets are needed, and which is the most effective augmentation procedure, however, sites treated with barrier plus Bio-Oss showed a higher position of the gingival margin when compared to sites treated with barriers alone. Non-resorbable barriers at fenestrated implants regenerated more bone than no barriers, however it remains unclear whether such bone is of benefit to the patient. It is unclear which is the most effective technique for augmenting bone around fenestrated implants. Bone morphogenetic proteins may enhance bone formation around implants grafted with Bio-Oss. Titanium may be preferable to resorbable screws to fixate onlay bone grafts. The use of particulate autogenous bone from intraoral locations, also taken with dedicated aspirators, might be associated with an increased risk of infective complications. These findings are based on few trials including few patients, sometimes having short follow up, and often being judged to be at high risk of bias. [source]

A Retrospective Study on 287 Implants Installed in Resorbed Maxillae Grafted with Fresh Frozen Allogenous Bone

CLINICAL IMPLANT DENTISTRY AND RELATED RESEARCH, Issue 2 2010
Francesco Carinci MD
ABSTRACT Background: Several studies have been performed to evaluate the clinical outcome of implants inserted into maxillae grafted with autogenous bone but few reports have focused on maxillae grafted with fresh-frozen allogenous bone (FFAB). Purpose: The purpose of this study is to retrospectively evaluate the clinical outcome of implants installed in resorbed maxillae augmented with FFAB. Materials and Methods: A total of 69 patients whom had been treated with FFAB grafts to their maxillae and implant placement 4 to 6 months later were retrospectively evaluated. Edentulism was total and partial in 22 and 47 cases, respectively. A total of 287 implants of various systems had been used. A life table analysis was performed. Marginal bone loss was calculated in radiographs. Results: Five of the 287 implants were lost, giving a survival rate (SVR) of 98.3% over a mean follow-up time of 26 months. The marginal bone resorption at the implants was 1.68 mm (SD = 0.44) after 1 year and 1.85 mm (SD = 0.98) after 4 years. The cumulative success rate based on defined criteria was 96% in the first year but decreased to 40% at 4 years because of marginal bone loss. The Kaplan,Meier algorithm demonstrated a better outcome for female patients, removable dentures, and total edentulism. No differences were detected among diameters, lengths, and implant site. Conclusion: Implants placed in FFAB showed a high SVR similar to that reported in previous studies on maxillae grafted with autogenous iliac crest bone. Although our data point to more marginal bone loss in partially edentulous patients and for fixed prosthetic restorations, the use of FFAB for reconstruction of the atrophic jaw prior to implant placement can be considered as a reliable alternative to autogenous bone. [source]

A 5-Year Prospective Follow-Up Study of Implant-Supported Fixed Prostheses in Patients Subjected to Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation with an 80:20 Mixture of Bovine Hydroxyapatite and Autogenous Bone

Ramus or Chin Grafts for Maxillary Sinus Inlay and Local Onlay Augmentation: Comparison of Donor Site Morbidity and Complications

CLINICAL IMPLANT DENTISTRY AND RELATED RESEARCH, Issue 3 2003
Jaime Clavero DDS
ABSTRACT Background: The placement of endosseous implants in edentulous areas is frequently limited by inadequate bone volume of the residual ridge. Local bone grafts from the mandible are a convenient source of autogenous bone for alveolar reconstruction prior to implant placement. Purpose: The aim of the present study was to document and compare the morbidity and the frequency of complications occurring at two intraoral donor sites: the mandibular symphysis and the mandibular ramus. Material and Methods: This study reviewed 53 consecutively treated patients:29 with autogenous bone grafts from the mandibular symphysis and 24 with mandibular ramus bone grafts. Each patient received a questionnaire 18 months after surgery regarding problems that may have occurred during the postoperative period. Results: In the patients in whom bone was harvested from the mandibular ramus, there were fewer postoperative symptoms immediately after the operation than with mandibular symphysis harvesting. Twenty-two of the 29 patients with symphysis grafts experienced decreased sensitivity in the skin innervated by the mental nerve 1 month after the operation. Five of the 24 patients with ramus grafts experienced decreased sensitivity in the vestibular mucosa corresponding to the innervation of the buccal nerve. Eighteen months after the surgery, 15 of the 29 patients in the symphysis group still had some decreased sensitivity and presented with permanent altered sensation. Only one of the patients grafted from the mandibular ramus presented with permanent altered sensation in the posterior vestibular area. No major complication occurred in the donor sites in any of the 53 patients. Conclusion: The results of this study favored the use of the ascending mandibular ramus as an intraoral donor site for bone grafting. [source]

Histologic Analysis of Clinical Biopsies Taken 6 Months and 3 Years after Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation with 80% Bovine Hydroxyapatite and 20% Autogenous Bone Mixed with Fibrin Glue

CLINICAL IMPLANT DENTISTRY AND RELATED RESEARCH, Issue 2 2001
Mats Hallman DDS
Abstract: Background: Bovine hydroxyapatite (Bio-Oss®, Geistlich Pharmaceutical, Wollhausen, Switzerland) has been suggested to be used in maxillary sinus floor augmentation procedures prior to or in conjunction with implant placement. However, the long-term histologic fate of this material is not well understood. Purpose: The aim with this study was to histologically evaluate the tissue response in patients to a mixture of bovine hydroxyapatite (BH), autogenous bone, and fibrin glue 6 months and 3 years after a maxillary sinus floor augmentation procedure. Materials and Method: Biopsies were taken from a group of 20 consecutive patients 6 months (n = 16) and 3 years (n = 12) after maxillary sinus floor augmentation with a mixture of BH (80%), autogenous bone (20%), and fibrin glue and prepared for histologic analysis. Results: Light microscopy and morphometry from biopsies taken after 6 months showed various amounts of mineralized bone tissue. The specimen area was occupied by 54.1 ± 12.6% nonmineralized tissue, followed by 21.2 ± 24.5% lamellar bone, 14.5 ± 10.3% BH particles, and 10.2 ± 13.4% woven bone. The nonmineralized tissue seen in bone-forming areas consisted of a loose connective tissue, rich with vessels and cells. There were no signs of resorption of the BH particles. The lamellar bone appeared to have originated from the recipient site and was seldom in contact with the BH particles. After 3 years, the nonmineralized tissue area had decreased to 36.0 ± 19.0% (p > .05) and consisted mainly of bone marrow tissue. The surface area of lamellar bone had increased to 50.7 ± 22.8% (p > .05), and there was almost no immature bone. The mean specimen area occupied by BH particles, was 12.4 ± 8.7% and had not changed from 6 months (not significant). Moreover, the sizes of the particles were similar after 6 months and 3 years. The degree of BH particle,bone contact had increased from 28.8%± 19.9% after 6 months to 54.5 ± 28.8% after 3 years (p > .05). Conclusion: Histology of specimens from maxillary sinuses augmented with 80% BH particles, 20% autogenous bone, and fibrin glue showed a positive bone tissue response after 6 months and 3 years after augmentation of the maxillary sinus floor prior to implant placement in a group fo 20 patients. The bone surrounding and in contact with the BH particles after 6 months was mainly immature woven bone, which with time was replaced by mature lamellar bone filling the interparticle space as observed in the 3-year specimens. Moreover, bone-integrated BH particles seem to be resistant to resorption. The results indicate that the procedure may be considered when only small amounts of intraoral autogenous bone graft are available. [source]

Augmentation of Exposed Implant Threads with Autogenous Bone Chips: Prospective Clinical Study

CLINICAL IMPLANT DENTISTRY AND RELATED RESEARCH, Issue 4 2000
Göran Widmark DDS
ABSTRACT Background: Autogenous bone chips can be harvested during drilling of implant sites and may be used as a graft material for bone augmentation and coverage of exposed implant threads. Purpose: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the possibility of augmenting exposed implant threads with autogenous bone chips. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one consecutive patients treated with screw-shaped oral implants with exposed threads due to buccal fenestration or marginal defects were augmented with autogenous bone harvested with a bone trap during drilling of the implant site. Both marginal (9 sites) and fenestration defects (12 sites), with 4 to 14 exposed implant threads, were registered clinically and with photography. The number of exposed implant threads was measured before and at second-stage surgery 6 months after augmentation. Results: Complete bone coverage of the exposed implant threads was seen in 12 of the 21 implant sites. Six sites showed one to two remaining exposed threads, two showed about 40% coverage, and one showed flattening of the defect but with eight of nine exposed threads at 6 months follow-up. The mean bone gain was 81% in patients with a marginal defect and 82% in patients with a fenestration defect. Conclusion: The results from this clinical study show that it is possible to gain bone over exposed implant threads by augmentation with autogenous bone chips. Conclusion It is concluded that it is possible to achieve coverage of exposed implant threads by augmentation with autogenous bone chips harvested during drilling of implant sites. [source]

Histological and histomorphometrical analyses of biopsies harvested 11 years after maxillary sinus floor augmentation with deproteinized bovine and autogenous bone

CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 9 2010
Arne Mordenfeld
Abstract Objective: The purpose of the present study was to histologically and histomorphometrically evaluate the long-term tissue response to deproteinized bovine bone (DPBB) particles used in association with autogenous bone and to compare particle size after 6 months and 11 years, in the same patients, in order to determine possible resorption. Material and methods: Twenty consecutive patients (14 women and six men) with a mean age of 62 years (range 48,69 years) with severe atrophy of the posterior maxilla were included in this study. Thirty maxillary sinuses with <5 mm subantral alveolar bone were augmented with a mixture of 80% DPBB and 20% autogenous bone. Eleven years (mean 11.5 years) after augmentation, biopsies were taken from the grafted areas of the 11 patients who volunteered to participate in this new surgical intervention. The following histomorphometrical measurements were performed in these specimens: total bone area in percentage, total area of the DPBB, total area of marrow space, the degree of DPBB,bone contact (percentage of the total surface length for each particle), the length of all DPBB particles and the area of all DPBB particles. The length and the area of the particles were compared with samples harvested from the same patients at 6 months (nine samples) and pristine particles from the manufacturer. Results: The biopsies consisted of 44.7±16.9% lamellar bone, 38±16.9% marrow space and 17.3±13.2% DPBB. The degree of DPBB to bone contact was 61.5±34%. There were no statistically significant differences between the length and area of the particles after 11 years compared with those measured after 6 months in the same patients or to pristine particles from the manufacturer. Conclusion: DPBB particles were found to be well integrated in lamellar bone, after sinus floor augmentation in humans, showing no significant changes in particle size after 11 years. To cite this article: Mordenfeld A, Hallman M, Johansson CB, Albrektsson T. Histological and histomorphometrical analyses of biopsies harvested 11 years after maxillary sinus floor augmentation with deproteinized bovine and autogenous bone. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 961,970. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.01939.x [source]

Vertical ridge augmentation of the atrophic posterior mandible with interpositional bloc grafts: bone from the iliac crest vs. bovine anorganic bone.

CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 12 2009
Clinical, histological results up to one year after loading from a randomized-controlled clinical trial
Abstract Objectives: To compare two different techniques for vertical bone augmentation of the posterior mandible: bone blocs from the iliac crest vs. anorganic bovine bone blocs used as inlays. Materials and methods: Ten partially edentulous patients having 5,7 mm of residual crestal height above the mandibular canal had their posterior mandibles randomly allocated to both interventions. After 4 months implants were inserted, and after 4 months, provisional prostheses were placed. Definitive prostheses were delivered after 4 months. Histomorphometry of samples trephined at implant placement, prosthesis and implant failures, any complication after loading and peri-implant marginal bone-level changes were assessed by masked assessors. All patients were followed up to 1 year after loading. Results: Four months after bone augmentation, there was statistically significant more residual graft (between 10% and 13%) in the Bio-Oss group. There were no statistically significant differences in failures and complications. Two implants could not be placed in one patient augmented with autogenous bone because the graft failed whereas one implant and its prosthesis of the Bio-Oss group failed after loading. After implant loading only one complication (peri-implantitis) occurred at one implant of the autogenous bone group. In 16 months (from implant placement to 1 year after loading), both groups lost statistically significant amounts of peri-implant marginal bone: 0.82 mm in the autogenous bone group and 0.59 mm in the Bio-Oss group; however, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups. Conclusions: Both procedures achieved good results, but the use of bovine blocs was less invasive and may be preferable than harvesting bone from the iliac crest. [source]

Morphometric evaluation of the repair of critical-size defects using demineralized bovine bone and autogenous bone grafts in rat calvaria

CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 8 2008
Rodrigo Cardoso de Oliveira
Abstract Objective: To evaluate the repair of critical-size bone defects in rats treated with demineralized bovine bone (DBB) compared with autogenous bone (AB). Material and method: A bone defect of 8 mm in diameter was created in the calvaria of 50 Rattus norvegicus, treated either with DBB or AB. Sub-groups of five rats of each group were killed at 7, 14, 21, 30 and 90 days post-operatively, and the skulls were removed and processed histologically. Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Result: Histological analysis showed complete closure of the defects with new bone at 90 days in group AB, and substitution of the biomaterial by fibrotic connective tissue in the DBB group at 21 days. Morphometric analysis showed that DBB was rapidly absorbed at 14 days, with its volume density decreasing from 47%±0.8% at 7 days to 1.2%±0.41% at 14 days. Subsequently, volume densities of the connective tissue and neoformed bone increased from 51.1%±11.17% to 86.8%±7.92% and from 1.9%±1.13% to 12%±8.02%, respectively, for the same time interval. The volume density of AB particles did not change throughout the experimental periods, but the amount of new bone increased markedly between 7 and 90 days, from 4.5%±1.57% to 53.5%±6.42% (P<0.05). Conclusion: DBB did not provide complete repair of the defects, with significantly less new bone formation than in the AB group. [source]

Bone healing and graft resorption of autograft, anorganic bovine bone and ,-tricalcium phosphate.

CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 3 2006
A histologic, histomorphometric study in the mandibles of minipigs
Abstract Objective: The purpose was to qualitatively and quantitatively compare the bone formation and graft resorption of two different bone substitutes used in both orthopedic and oral surgery, with autogenous bone as a positive control. Materials and methods: Three standardized bone defects were prepared in both mandibular angles of 12 adult minipigs. The defects were grafted with either autograft, anorganic bovine bone (ABB), or synthetic ,-tricalcium phosphate (,-TCP). Sacrifice was performed after 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks for histologic and histomorphometric analysis. Results: At 2 weeks, more new bone formation was seen in defects filled with autograft than with ABB (P,0.0005) and ,-TCP (P,0.002). After 4 weeks, there was no significant difference between ,-TCP and the two other materials. Defects grafted with ABB still exhibited less bone formation as compared with autograft (P,0.004). At 8 weeks, more bone formation was observed in defects grafted with autograft (P,0.003) and ,-TCP (P,0.00004) than with ABB. No difference could be demonstrated between ,-TCP and autograft. ,-TCP resorbed almost completely over 8 weeks, whereas ABB remained stable. Conclusion: Both bone substitutes seemed to decelerate bone regeneration in the early healing phase as compared with autograft. All defects ultimately regenerated with newly formed bone and a developing bone marrow. The grafting materials showed complete osseous integration. Both bone substitutes may have a place in reconstructive surgery where different clinical indications require differences in biodegradability. [source]

Freeze-dried bone for maxillary sinus augmentation in sheep

CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 6 2002
Part II: Biomechanical findings
Abstract: This study examines the biomechanical loading capacity of dental implants placed in the posterior maxilla in conjunction with subantral augmentation with either homogeneous demineralized freeze-dried bone from sheep (s-DFDB) or heterogeneous demineralized freeze-dried human bone (h-DFDB) as grafting material in sheep. In 36 adult female mountain sheep, the Schneiderian membrane was elevated extraorally in both maxillary sinuses, and two titanium plasma-flame-sprayed cylindrical implants were inserted in each lateral antral wall. Three groups of 18 maxillary sinuses each were augmented with s-DFDB, h-DFDB and autogenous bone from the illiac crest, respectively. In the remaining 18 sinuses, the subantral hollow space was left empty. Pull-out tests were carried out after intervals of 12, 16 and 26 weeks. The mean pull-out force needed, irrespective of time, was 259.3 N in the empty control group, 356.7 N in the group augmented with autogenous bone, 278.1 N in the test group augmented with h-DFDB and 365.2 N in the group augmented with s-DFDB, revealing no significant difference between the individual groups (P > 0.05). The implants of the group augmented with autogenous bone showed an increase in the mean pull-out force from 223.8 N after 12 weeks to 523.7 N after 26 weeks. The nonaugmented control group yielded values of 248 N after 12 weeks, which rose to 269.8 N at the last test, while the values of the h-DFDB group increased from 275.4 N to 325.4 N. The highest initial pull-out values were obtained in the s-DFDB group. They amounted to 310.5 N after 12 weeks and rose to 481.4 N after 26 weeks. Time thus proved to have a significant influence on the pull-out forces (P = 0.014) with a statistically proven linear trend (P = 0.007). The findings of this experimental study indicate that the use of homogeneous DFDB in one-stage sinus lift procedures results in a mechanical loading capacity of implants comparable to that achieved by autogenous cancellous bone from the iliac crest. In contrast, the use of heterogenous-DFDB resulted in only slightly higher pull-out forces than those observed in the nonaugmented control group after 26 weeks. [source]

High concentrations of bioactive glass material (BioGran®) vs. autogenous bone for sinus floor elevation

CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 4 2002
Histomorphometrical observations on three split mouth clinical cases
Abstract: In this study, high concentrations of bioactive glass (BG) particles were compared with autogenous bone in their capacity to augment maxillary bone when grafted in the human sinus floor using a split mouth design. Three female patients with severe maxillary atrophy underwent bilateral sinus floor elevation and bone grafting using 80,100% BG particles (300,355 ,m in size) mixed with 20% to 0% iliac crest bone particles at one (experimental) side, and 100% iliac crest derived bone particles at the other (control) side. A total of 22 bone biopsies was taken at the time of fixture installation; that is, at 4, 6 and 15 months after grafting, and processed for histology and histomorphometry. At the control (autogenous bone) sides, trabecular bone amounted to 39% of the biopsy volume in the graft (site) at 4 months, almost 41% at 6 months, and 42% at 15 months. This bone contained viable osteocytes and was mostly of mature, lamellar type. At the experimental (BG particles) sides, the graft consisted of 27% of mostly woven (and some lamellar) bone at 4 months, 36% (woven and lamellar) bone at 6 months, and 39% (mainly lamellar) bone at 15 months. The grafted BG particles started to excavate at 4 months and their centers gradually filled with bone tissue. As a consequence, the volume of BG particles in the biopsy decreased from 29% at 4 months to 15% at 6 months and 8% at 15 months. The BG particles appeared to resorb within 1,2 years by dissolution rather than by osteoclastic activity. Parameters for bone turnover (% osteoid surface, % resorption surface) indicated that bone remodeling was very active at both experimental and control sides, during more than 6 months. These results suggest that mixtures of mainly (80,90%) BG particles and some (10,20%) autogenous bone are effective for bone regeneration in the augmented sinus offer 6 months healing time, while about 12 months healing time is needed for 100% BG particles. [source]