Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Rural Regions (rural + regions)
Selected AbstractsPOPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT CHANGES IN REGIONAL AUSTRALIAECONOMIC PAPERS: A JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMICS AND POLICY, Issue 1 2007ANNE M. GARNETT Regional Australia has experienced significant changes in population and employment since the early 1990s. Evidence regarding these changes has often been anecdotal, with references in political and media spheres to a ,Sea Change' or ,Tree Change'. There has also been considerable public discussion about the effect that the structural changes and misfortunes within the agricultural sector have had on localities in rural regions. The purpose of this paper is to provide and analyse data on regional population and employment changes since the early 1990s. It will also examine the role that the agricultural sector may have had in these changes. This will provide a basis for informed debate and analysis of population changes in regional Australia and the causes and implications of these changes. [source] Quality, imagery and marketing: producer perspectives on quality products and services in the lagging rural regions of the European UnionGEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES B: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, Issue 1 2001Brian Ilbery A range of factors, including consumer concerns about food safety, the growing popularity of rural tourism and policy initiatives to promote endogenous rural development, is converging to promote a relocalization of food production and service provision, especially in those regions marginalized by the globalization of the food supply system. The recent outbreak of foot and mouth disease in the UK has starkly illustrated the fragility of localized systems which depend heavily on consumers travelling to them. Within such a context, the importance of successful marketing strategies has become even more apparent. This paper reports on a questionnaire survey which investigated promotional and marketing strategies among a diverse range of producers and service providers in marginal agricultural areas of the EU. The findings suggest that many producers are situated towards the "formal" end of a marketing continuum, whereby ability to promote quality products and services (QPS) lies with a range of intermediaries. This raises doubts about the future economic benefits of QPS, should current marketing structures persist. The discussion offers critical reflections on interdisciplinary and international research of this nature, and advocates further theoretical and methodological development in order to explore in more depth many of the aspects raised in this exploratory investigation. [source] Rural Youth Migration Trends in Australia: an Overview of Recent Trends and Two Inland Case StudiesGEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, Issue 2 2008NEIL ARGENT Abstract Much of what has been written on the topic of Australian rural youth migration trends and processes has often proceeded from data-free, or data-poor grounds. In this context, this paper analyses recent trends in youth (15 to 24 years of age) migration for a temporally-consistent set of Statistical Divisions (SDs) in inland rural Australia, and for local government areas within the Northern Tablelands and Slopes and Ranges of northern New South Wales and the Western Australian Central Wheatbelt. The paper finds that rates of youth loss from rural regions have increased over the past twenty years. Yet the patterns, processes, causes and impacts of rural youth migration are distributed in a spatially-uneven fashion. Some remote areas are receiving net migration gains while booming ,sea change' coastal regions have experienced heavy losses. While the ,flight to the bright city lights' syndrome is evident, relatively high proportions of young people in the Northern SD of NSW move within their immediate region. Nevertheless, some common understandings concerning youth mobility were also confirmed. Gender differentials in migration propensity between women and men are evident even at quite local scales. Young people are also more likely to search out capital cities than the rest of the population. Most inland areas still continue to experience heavy losses of local youth. A more precise understanding of rural youth migration trends is an important stepping stone in the establishment of a reinvigorated research effort into young rural people's perspectives of their changing life chances in their home communities. [source] The Amenity Complex: Towards a Framework for Analysing and Predicting the Emergence of a Multifunctional Countryside in AustraliaGEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2007NEIL ARGENT Abstract There is growing consensus among academics, regional development organisations and rural communities that the future growth and development of rural regions is increasingly dependent upon their ability to convey, to both established and prospective residents, the ,amenity' of their local physical, social and economic environments. However, little research to date has sought to identify exactly what comprises ,amenity' in the rural context, or has examined how this conceptually slippery quality is distributed across rural Australia, or how it influences local demographic, socio-economic and land use change. This paper attempts a broad scale investigation of rural amenity in the south-east Australian ecumene, identifying its core components in this context, mapping its distribution and assessing the nature of its influence over in-migration rates over the past three decades. The paper finds that, at a macro-scale, amenity tends to follow a general gradient from high to low according to distance from the coast, and that its relationship with in-migration rates has increased substantially between 1976,1981 and 1996,2001. [source] The EuroPrevall-INCO surveys on the prevalence of food allergies in children from China, India and Russia: the study methodologyALLERGY, Issue 3 2010G. W. K. Wong To cite this article: Wong GWK, Mahesh PA, Ogorodova L, Leung TF, Fedorova O, Holla AD, Fernandez-Rivas M, Clare Mills EN, Kummeling I, van Ree R, Yazdanbakhsh M, Burney P. The EuroPrevall-INCO surveys on the prevalence of food allergies in children from China, India and Russia: the study methodology. Allergy 2010; 65: 385,390. Abstract Background:, Very little is known regarding the global variations in the prevalence of food allergies. The EuroPrevall-INCO project has been developed to evaluate the prevalence of food allergies in China, India and Russia using the standardized methodology of the EuroPrevall protocol used for studies in the European Union. The epidemiological surveys of the project were designed to estimate variations in the prevalence of food allergy and exposure to known or suspected risk factors for food allergy and to compare the data with different European countries. Methods:, Random samples of primary schoolchildren were recruited from urban and rural regions of China, Russia and India for screening to ascertain possible adverse reactions to foods. Cases and controls were then selected to answer a detailed questionnaire designed to evaluate the possible risk factors of food allergies. Objective evidence of sensitisation including skin-prick test and serum specific IgE measurement was also collected. Results:, More than 37 000 children from the three participating countries have been screened. The response rates for the screening phase ranged from 83% to 95%. More than 3000 cases and controls were studied in the second phase of the study. Furthur confirmation of food allergies by double blind food challenge was conducted. Conclusions:, This will be the first comparative study of the epidemiology of food allergies in China, India, and Russia using the same standardized methodology. The findings of these surveys will complement the data obtained from Europe and provide insights into the development of food allergy. [source] Childhood asthma epidemiology: Insights from comparative studies of rural and urban populations,PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY, Issue 2 2008Gary W.K. Wong MD Abstract Asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory disorders. Many epidemiology studies have suggested an increasing trend of asthma in many different regions of the world but the exact reasons explaining such trend remain unclear. Nevertheless, changing environmental factors are most likely important in explaining the trend of asthma. Studies in the past decade have clearly shown a mark difference in the prevalence between urban and rural regions. The consistent findings of a markedly lower prevalence of asthma in children and adults who have been brought up in a farming environment clearly indicate the importance of environmental influence of asthma development. Although the exact protective environmental factors in the rural region remain to be defined, there have been many studies suggesting that early exposure to microbes or microbial products may play a role in modulating the immune system so as to reduce the future risk of asthma and allergies. Advances in the understanding of the genetic predisposition and how these genetic factors may interact with specific environment factors are of paramount importance for the future development of primary preventive strategies for asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:107,116. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Survival and expansion: migrants in Greek rural regionsPOPULATION, SPACE AND PLACE (PREVIOUSLY:-INT JOURNAL OF POPULATION GEOGRAPHY), Issue 6 2008Charalambos Kasimis Abstract Migratory movements towards southern Europe have increased considerably in the past 20 years. An important aspect of this process is connected to the agricultural sector and rural regions , a development connected to agriculture's particular weight in the economies and societies of all southern European countries. However, their role is not restricted to agriculture. They are also related to non-agricultural economic activities and the overall support of aged populations, especially in marginal or mountainous rural areas. This paper draws on the qualitative and quantitative findings of two research projects carried out in three exemplar rural regions of Greece and over two different periods: 2000,2002 and 2004,2006. The aim of the research was the empirical investigation of the economic and social implications of the settlement and employment of migrant labour in rural Greece. The paper moves from the presentation of the theoretical and methodological framework to the presentation of the main findings for each period of the research. The socioeconomic implications of migrant employment and settlement in the regions studied are revealed in the light of the recent Common Agricultural Policy changes, and the changes following the implementation of ,regularisation programmes'. Additionally, the characteristics of migration trends in these regions are identified and the formation of new migrant social groups, with different prospects of social integration and mobility, is revealed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The changing geography of the Canadian manufacturing sector in metropolitan and rural regions, 1976,1997THE CANADIAN GEOGRAPHER/LE GEOGRAPHE CANADIEN, Issue 2 2003W. MARK BROWN This paper documents the changing geography of the Canadian manufacturing sector over a 22-year period (1976,1997). It does so by looking at the shifts in employment and differences in production worker wages across different levels of the rural/urban hierarchy,central cities, adjacent suburbs, medium and small cities and rural areas. The analysis demonstrates that the most dramatic shifts in manufacturing employment were from the central cities of large metropolitan regions to their suburbs. Paralleling trends in the United States, rural regions of Canada have increased their share of manufacturing employment. Rising rural employment shares were due to declining employment shares of small cities and, to a lesser degree, large urban regions. Increasing rural employment was particularly prominent in Quebec, where employment shifted away from the Montreal region. The changing fortunes of rural and urban areas were not the result of across-the-board shifts in manufacturing employment, but were the net outcome of differing locational patterns across industries. In contrast to the situation in the United States, wages in Canada do not consistently decline, moving down the rural/urban hierarchy from the largest cities to the most rural parts of the country. Only after controlling for the types of manufacturing industries found in rural and urban regions is it apparent that wages decline with the size of place. Cette dissertation documente la géographie changeante du secteur secondaire canadien sur une période de vingt-deux années (1976,1997). Pour cela, elle considère les migrations des emplois et les différences salariales entre les ouvriers à différents niveaux de la hiérarchie rurale/urbaine,centres urbains, leurs banlieues, villes petites et moyennes, et zones rurales. L'analyse démontre que dans le secteur secondaire, les migrations les plus prononcées des emplois ont été depuis les villes des grandes régions métropolitaines vers leurs banlieues. Reflétant les tendances observées aux États-Unis, les régions rurales du Canada ont augmenté leur part d'emplois de production. La part croissante des emplois ruraux était due au déclin de l'emploi dans les petites villes, et à un degré moindre, dans les grandes zones urbaines. L'augmentation de l'emploi rural a été particulièrement évidente au Québec, suite à un déplacement des emplois hors de la région de Montréal. Les fortunes changeantes des zones rurales et urbaines n'ont pas été le résultat de migrations uniformes de l'emploi dans le secteur secondaire. Elles sont plutôt dues aux différences de configurations géographiques entre les divers secteurs industriels. Par contraste avec les États-Unis, les salaires canadiens ne baissent pas progressivement selon la hiérarchie rurale/urbaine, des plus grandes villes aux régions les plus rurales du pays. C'est seulement après vérification des types d'industries implantées dans les régions rurales et urbaines que l'on peut mettre en évidence une baisse des salaires en fonction de la taille de l'agglomération. [source] How would global trade liberalization affect rural and regional incomes in Australia?AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS, Issue 4 2010Kym Anderson Agricultural protection in rich countries, which had depressed Australian farm incomes via its impact on Australia's terms of trade, has diminished over the past two decades. So too has agricultural export taxation in poor countries, which has had the opposite impact on those terms of trade. Meanwhile, however, import protection for developing country farmers has been steadily growing. To what extent are Australian farmers and rural regions still adversely affected by farm and non-farm price- and trade-distortive policies abroad? This paper draws on new estimates of the current extent of those domestic and foreign distortions: first, to model their net impact on Australia's terms of trade (using the World Bank's Linkage model of the global economy); and second, to model the effects of that terms of trade impact on output and real incomes in rural versus urban and other regions and households within Australia as of 2004 (using Monash's multi-regional TERM model of the Australian economy). [source] STRETCHING DISTRICT NURSING SERVICES TO MEET RURAL NEEDSAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH, Issue 6 2001Katrina Alford ABSTRACT: This article evaluates the adequacy of District Nursing Service (DNS) provision in the Goulburn Murray region in Victoria. It draws on a survey of the region's DNS and communication with several community health agencies in response to problems identified by service providers. The results suggest that these rural health services face problems not experienced in urban areas. District nurses in rural areas have to travel far and wide to accommodate their clients and they put in extra unpaid hours if necessary. Their travel time, management and communication skills are not sufficiently recognised in the current funding formula. Although this includes some weighting for rurality, it is insufficient for District Nursing Services catering for smaller, more dispersed populations. Current and future demand pressures on home and community-based nursing services highlight the importance of redressing this deficiency. Several issues raised in this article may reflect problems that are common in rural regions, including funding inadequacies, unpaid additional work, access and equity difficulties and boundary issues. As a result, recommendations to improve service delivery may have broader applicability. [source] Quality of care of VLBW-neonates: relationship between unit volume and outcome is different between metropolitan and rural regionsACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 4 2009F Jochum No abstract is available for this article. [source] | |||||||||||||