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Rubber Material (rubber + material)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Engineering80%

Selected Abstracts

Strain field measurements of rubber by image analysis and design criteria for laminated rubber bearings (LRB)

EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, Issue 4 2004
Chamindalal Sujeewa Lewangamage
Abstract Although seismic isolation rubber bearings in bridges and buildings have proven to be a very effective passive method for reducing earthquake-induced forces, a detailed mechanical modeling of the rubber that is used in bearings under large strains has not been established. Therefore, a 3D model of failure behavior and the design criteria for the safety evaluation of seismic isolation bearings have not yet been developed. This paper presents: (1) correlation-based template-matching algorithms to measure large strain fields of continua; (2) a failure criterion for rubber; and (3) the design criteria for the safety evaluation of laminated algorithms, data-validation algorithms were developed and implemented to eliminate possible unrealistic displacement vectors present in the measured displacement field. The algorithms were successfully employed in the strain field measurement of LRB and rubber materials that are subjected to failure. The measured local strains for rubber material at failure were used to develop a failure criterion for rubber. The validity of the proposed criterion was evaluated by applying it to the LRB; the criterion was introduced into a 3D finite element model of LRB, compared with the experimental results of bearings failure, and verified. Finally, design criteria are proposed for LRB for the safety evaluation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

A mathematical hysteretic model for elastomeric isolation bearings

EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, Issue 4 2002
J. S. Hwang
Abstract An analytical model for high damping elastomeric isolation bearings is presented in this paper. The model is used to describe mathematically the damping force and restoring force of the rubber material and bearing. Ten parameters to be identified from cyclic loading tests are included in the model. The sensitivity of the ten parameters in affecting the model is examined. These ten parameters are functions of a number of influence factors on the elastomer such as the rubber compound, Mullins effect, scragging effect, frequency, temperature and axial load. In this study, however, only the Mullins effect, scragging effect, frequency and temperature are investigated. Both material tests and shaking table tests were performed to validate the proposed model. Based on the comparison between the experimental and the analytical results, it is found that the proposed analytical model is capable of predicting the shear force,displacement hysteresis very accurately for both rubber material and bearing under cyclic loading reversals. The seismic response time histories of the bearing can also be captured, using the proposed analytical model, with a practically acceptable precision. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Simulation and Measurements of Rolling Tire Dynamics

PROCEEDINGS IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS & MECHANICS, Issue 1 2006
Maik Brinkmeier
The simulation of rolling tires including stationary rolling, modal analysis, excitation with roughness of road surfaces and sound radiation is presented for state of the art industrial tire models. The target of this research, part of the german project "Leiser Straßenverkehr", is the reduction of trafic noise, whereas the main source, namely the tire/road system, is investigated in contrast to other techniques like sound insulating walls. The needs and methods for the solution of the resulting large scale problems are discussed next to special properties of rotating structures, high frequency behavior of rubber material and approaches for the reduction of computational cost. For the validation of the model measurements of real tires and roads are used. These include shaker tests of the standing tire and acoustics of tires rolling on a drum. The same set,ups are applied to the simulation for the comparison of frequency response functions and sound pressure levels. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source]

Strain field measurements of rubber by image analysis and design criteria for laminated rubber bearings (LRB)

EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, Issue 4 2004
Chamindalal Sujeewa Lewangamage
Abstract Although seismic isolation rubber bearings in bridges and buildings have proven to be a very effective passive method for reducing earthquake-induced forces, a detailed mechanical modeling of the rubber that is used in bearings under large strains has not been established. Therefore, a 3D model of failure behavior and the design criteria for the safety evaluation of seismic isolation bearings have not yet been developed. This paper presents: (1) correlation-based template-matching algorithms to measure large strain fields of continua; (2) a failure criterion for rubber; and (3) the design criteria for the safety evaluation of laminated algorithms, data-validation algorithms were developed and implemented to eliminate possible unrealistic displacement vectors present in the measured displacement field. The algorithms were successfully employed in the strain field measurement of LRB and rubber materials that are subjected to failure. The measured local strains for rubber material at failure were used to develop a failure criterion for rubber. The validity of the proposed criterion was evaluated by applying it to the LRB; the criterion was introduced into a 3D finite element model of LRB, compared with the experimental results of bearings failure, and verified. Finally, design criteria are proposed for LRB for the safety evaluation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Effect of acrylic core,shell rubber particles on the particulate flow and toughening of PVC

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, Issue 4 2009
M. R. Moghbeli
Abstract Different types of acrylic core,shell rubber particles with a poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) core and a grafted poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) shell were synthesized. The average size of acrylic core,shell latex particles ranged from 100 to 170 nm in diameter, having the core gel content in the range of 35,80%. The melt blending behavior of the poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and the acrylic core,shell rubber materials having different average particle sizes and gel contents was investigated in a batch mixing process. Although the torque curves showed that the particulate flow of the PVC in the blends was dominant, some differences were observed when the size and gel content of the particles varied. This behavior can be attributed to differences in the plasticizing effect and dispersion state of various types of core,shell rubber particles, which can vary the gelatin process of the PVC in the mixing tool. On the other hand, the highest toughening efficiency was obtained using core,shell rubber particles with the smallest particle size (i.e., 100 nm). The results showed that increasing the gel content of the core,shell impact modifiers with the same particle size improved the particle dispersion state in the PVC matrix. The toughening efficiency decreased for the blends containing 100 and 170 nm rubber particles as the gel content increased. Nevertheless, unexpected behavior was observed for the blends containing 140 nm rubber particles. It was found that a high level of toughness could be achieved if the acrylic core,shell rubber particles as small as 100 nm had a lower gel content. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009 [source]