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Reveal Significant Differences (reveal + significant_difference)
Selected AbstractsStochastic Morphometric Model of the Balb/c Mouse LungTHE ANATOMICAL RECORD : ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, Issue 10 2010Pierre Madl Abstract The laboratory mouse is often used as a human surrogate in aerosol inhalation studies. Morphometric data on the tracheobronchial geometry of three in situ lung casts of the Balb/c mouse lung produced by the Air Pollution Health Effects Laboratory were analyzed in terms of probability density functions and correlations among the different airway parameters. The results of this statistical analysis reveal significant differences in diameters and branching angles between major and minor progeny branching off from the same parent airway at a given airway bifurcation. Number of bronchial airways generations along a given path, expressed by the termination probability, branching angles, and daughter-to-parent diameter ratios indicate that the location of an airway with defined linear airway dimensions within the lung is more appropriately identified by its diameter (or its parent diameter) than by an assigned generation number. We, therefore, recommend classifying the mouse lung airways by their diameters and not by generation numbers, consistent with our previous analysis of the rather monopodial structure of the rat lung (Koblinger et al., J Aerosol Med 1995;8:7,19; Koblinger and Hofmann, J Aerosol Med 1995;8:21,32). Because of lack of corresponding information on respiratory airways, a partly stochastic symmetric acinar airway model was attached to the tracheobronchial model, in which the number of acinar airways along a given path was randomly selected from a measured acinar volume distribution. The computed distributions of the geometric airway parameters and their correlations will be used for random pathway selection of inhaled particles in subsequent Monte Carlo deposition calculations. Anat Rec 293:1766,1786, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Methyl ,-allolactoside [methyl ,- d -galactopyranosyl-(1,6)-,- d -glucopyranoside] monohydrateACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C, Issue 12 2009Thomas E. Klepach Methyl ,-allolactoside [methyl ,- d -galactopyranosyl-(1,6)-,- d -glucopyranoside], (II), was crystallized from water as a monohydrate, C13H24O11·H2O. The ,Galp and ,Glcp residues in (II) assume distorted 4C1 chair conformations, with the former more distorted than the latter. Linkage conformation is characterized by ,, (C2Gal,C1Gal,O1Gal,C6Glc), ,, (C1Gal,O1Gal,C6Glc,C5Glc) and , (C4Glc,C5Glc,C6Glc,O1Gal) torsion angles of 172.9,(2), ,117.9,(3) and ,176.2,(2)°, respectively. The ,, and , values differ significantly from those found in the crystal structure of ,-gentiobiose, (III) [Rohrer et al. (1980). Acta Cryst. B36, 650,654]. Structural comparisons of (II) with related disaccharides bound to a mutant ,-galactosidase reveal significant differences in hydroxymethyl conformation and in the degree of ring distortion of the ,Glcp residue. Structural comparisons of (II) with a DFT-optimized structure, (IIC), suggest a link between hydrogen bonding, pyranosyl ring deformation and linkage conformation. [source] IR and UV laser-induced morphological changes in silicon surface under oxygen atmospherePHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (C) - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 10 2005J. Jiménez-Jarquín Abstract We irradiated silicon (100) wafers with IR (1064 nm) and UV (355 nm) nanosecond laser pulses with energy densities within the ablation regime and used scanning electron microscopy to analyze the morphological changes induced on the Si surface. The changes in the wafer morphology depend both on the incident radiation wavelength and the environmental atmosphere. We have patterned Si surfaces with a single focused laser spot and, in doing the experiments with IR or UV this reveals significant differences in the initial surface cracking and pattern formation, however if the experiment is carried out in O2 the final result is an array of microcones. We also employed a random scanning technique to irradiate the silicon wafer over large areas, in this case the microstructure patterns consist of a "semi-ordered" array of micron-sized cones. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Isotopic evidence of dietary variations and weaning practices in the Gaya cemetery at Yeanri, Gimhae, South KoreaAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Kyungcheol Choy Abstract Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses were conducted to investigate dietary variation in human skeletons (n = 109) from the Gaya cemetery at Yeanri located near Gimhae City, South Korea. The cemetery contained three distinct grave types dating to 4th,7th century AD. The main purposes of this research were to reconstruct palaeodiet in the Gaya population and to explore correlations between stable isotope compositions and burial types, inferred age, and sex of these individuals. The isotopic data indicate that the people at Yeanri consumed a predominantly C3 -based terrestrial diet supplemented with freshwater and/or marine resources. The comparison of isotopic results reveals significant differences in ,13C values among three adult burial types (wood-cist coffin: ,18.5 ± 0.5,, stone-cist coffin: ,18.1 ± 0.6,, mausoleum: ,17.8 ± 0.9,). Males in wood-cist and stone-cist coffins have relatively more elevated mean ,13C and ,15N values than females. The isotopic ratios from the two adult age groups (21,40 years and 40,60 years) indicate that there was no significant dietary change in individuals with age. The isotope data from the infants and children suggest the weaning was a gradual process that was completed between 3 and 4 years of age in the Gaya population. This evidence indicates that the dietary variations within the cemetery reflect social status, sex, and childhood consumption patterns. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||