Results Treatment (result + treatment)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


Enhancing the Growth of Natural Eyelashes: The Mechanism of Bimatoprost-Induced Eyelash Growth

DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 9 2010
2Article first published online: 2 APR 2010, JOEL L. COHEN MD
BACKGROUND Many women desire prominent eyelashes. In December 2008, bimatoprost ophthalmic solution 0.03% was approved for the treatment of hypotrichosis of the eyelashes in the United States. OBJECTIVE To review eyelash physiology and the proposed mechanisms by which the topical pros-tamide product bimatoprost enhances eyelash growth. METHODS AND MATERIALS Clinical and preclinical studies pertaining to the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of action of bimatoprost are presented. RESULTS Treatment with bimatoprost increases the percentage of eyelash follicles in anagen at any one time. This probably accounts for its ability to lengthen lashes. Bimatoprost-induced stimulation of melanogenesis appears to result in darker lashes and, at the same time, appears to increase the size of the dermal papilla and hair bulb, affecting lash thickness and fullness. Such effects, largely demonstrated in animal studies, are consistent with the results of a recent Food and Drug Administration phase III clinical trial. The favorable safety profile of bimatoprost in human subjects is probably secondary to the limited exposure of ocular tissues resulting from topical application at the base of the upper lashes. CONCLUSION By influencing the eyelash hair cycle and follicles, bimatoprost ophthalmic solution 0.03% is a safe and effective means of enhancing eyelash growth. Dr. Cohen has served as a consultant and clinical trial participant for Allergan, Inc. [source]


Reduced signal transduction by 5-HT4 receptors after long-term venlafaxine treatment in rats

BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 3 2010
R Vidal
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The 5-HT4 receptor may be a target for antidepressant drugs. Here we have examined the effects of the dual antidepressant, venlafaxine, on 5-HT4 receptor-mediated signalling events. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of 21 days treatment (p.o.) with high (40 mg·kg,1) and low (10 mg·kg,1) doses of venlafaxine, were evaluated at different levels of 5-HT4 receptor-mediated neurotransmission by using in situ hybridization, receptor autoradiography, adenylate cyclase assays and electrophysiological recordings in rat brain. The selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, reboxetine (10 mg·kg,1, 21 days) was also evaluated on 5-HT4 receptor density. KEY RESULTS Treatment with a high dose (40 mg·kg,1) of venlafaxine did not alter 5-HT4 mRNA expression, but decreased the density of 5-HT4 receptors in caudate-putamen (% reduction = 26 ± 6), hippocampus (% reduction = 39 ± 7 and 39 ± 8 for CA1 and CA3 respectively) and substantia nigra (% reduction = 49 ± 5). Zacopride-stimulated adenylate cyclase activation was unaltered following low-dose treatment (10 mg·kg,1) while it was attenuated in rats treated with 40 mg·kg,1 of venlafaxine (% reduction = 51 ± 2). Furthermore, the amplitude of population spike in pyramidal cells of CA1 of hippocampus induced by zacopride was significantly attenuated in rats receiving either dose of venlafaxine. Chronic reboxetine did not modify 5-HT4 receptor density. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data indicate a functional desensitization of 5-HT4 receptors after chronic venlafaxine, similar to that observed after treatment with the classical selective inhibitors of 5-HT reuptake. [source]


Clozapine treatment of psychosis associated with velo-cardio-facial syndrome: benefits and risks

JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH, Issue 7 2005
S. Gladston
Abstract Background Clozapine is licensed for the treatment of psychotic illnesses resistant to other antipsychotic medications. Velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) is associated with a vulnerability to psychotic illness that may be resistant to treatment with conventional typical and atypical antipsychotics. Patients and methods A 32-year-old man with intellectual disability (ID) and a long history of treatment-resistant psychosis was found to have VCFS. Treatment with typical antipsychotic drugs and with one atypical olanzapine produced no improvement. Results Treatment with clozapine produced an improvement in psychotic symptoms and associated behavioural abnormalities, but caused hypersalivation, constipation and a seizure disorder. The latter led to two fractures, one requiring surgery. The addition of sodium valproate stopped seizures. Conclusions Clozapine may improve psychotic symptoms for people with ID associated with VCFS, but clinicians should be alert for potential adverse effects. [source]


Sleep Disordered Breathing: Surgical Outcomes in Prepubertal Children

THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 1 2004
BiolD, Christian Guilleminault MD
Abstract Objective To evaluate the treatment outcomes of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in prepubertal children 3 months following surgical intervention. Study Design Retrospective investigation of 400 consecutively seen children with SDB who were referred to otolaryngologists for treatment. Method After masking the identities and conditions of the children, the following were tabulated: clinical symptoms, results of clinical evaluation and polysomnography at entry, the treatment chosen by the otolaryngologists, and clinical and polysomnographic results 3 months after surgery. Results Treatment ranged from nasal steroids to various surgical procedures. Adenotonsillectomy was performed in only 251 of 400 cases (68%). Four cases included adenotonsillectomy in conjunction with pharyngoplasty (closure of the tonsillar wound by suturing the anterior and posterior pillar to tighten the airway). Persistent SDB was seen in 58 of 400 children (14.5%), and an additional 8 had persistent snoring. Best results were with adenotonsillectomy. Conclusion SDB involves obstruction of the upper airway, which may be partially due to craniofacial structure involvement. The goal of surgical treatment should be aimed at enlarging the airway, and not be solely focused on treating inflammation or infection of the lymphoid tissues. This goal may not be met in some patients, thus potentially contributing to residual problems seen after surgery. The possibility of further treatment, including collaboration with orthodontists to improve the craniofacial risk factors, should be considered in children with residual problems. [source]


Wounds of the pastern and foot region managed with phalangeal casts: 50 cases in 49 horses (1995,2006)

AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 9 2009
KM Ketzner
Objective Describe the use of a phalangeal cast as treatment for wounds in the pastern and foot region of horses. Secondly, to evaluate the healing and soundness of horses treated with phalangeal casts. Design Retrospective study of 49 horses. Procedures Medical records of 49 horses that were treated with a phalangeal cast for 50 cases of wounds in the pastern and foot region at equine referral hospitals from 1995 to 2006 were reviewed and follow-up information was obtained. Results Treatment consisted of wound debridement, lavage, wound closure (28 wounds), cast application and antibiotics (84%). At follow-up, the majority of horses were sound (42 of 47 wounds, 89.4%), three horses were still lame and one horse was euthanased because of persistent lameness. Three horses were lost to follow-up. There was no statistical difference between the outcomes of horses treated acutely (<24 h) or after a 24-h delay. Similarly, the involvement of synovial structures in the wound did not significantly influence outcome. Conclusions In this study, wounds involving the pastern and foot that were treated with a phalangeal cast carried a good prognosis for soundness (89.4%) and cosmetic healing (89.5%). The phalangeal casts were well-tolerated and effective. [source]


Effects of tibolone and continuous combined hormone replacement therapy on bleeding rates, quality of life and tolerability in postmenopausal women

BJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 8 2002
J. Huber
Objective To compare the effects of tibolone and conjugated equine oestrogens continuously combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate on bleeding rates, quality of life (QoL) and tolerability. Design A double-blind, randomised comparative trial. Setting Thirty-seven centres in six European countries. Population Five hundred and one postmenopausal women, under 65 years of age with an intact uterus. Interventions For 12 months, women received daily treatment with tibolone 2.5 mg (n= 250), or conjugated equine oestrogens 0.625 mg continuously combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate 5 mg (CEE,MPA, n= 251). Main outcome measures The primary outcome was vaginal bleeding rate during cycles 4,6. The secondary outcomes were vaginal bleeding rate during cycles 1,3, 7,9 and 10,13, cumulative bleeding rate, QoL, wellbeing, climacteric symptoms, urogenital complaints and tolerability. Results Treatment with tibolone led to a significantly lower bleeding rate during cycles 4,6 compared with CEE,MPA (15.0%vs 26.9%; P= 0.004); there was a similar difference during cycles 1,3. Both treatments improved QoL, wellbeing, climacteric symptoms and urogenital complaints. By intent-to-treat analysis, tibolone significantly improved sexual drive, interest and/or performance, compared with CEE,MPA at 12 months (P= 0.017). Although both treatments were well tolerated, there was a significantly lower incidence of breast tenderness with tibolone than CEE,MPA (2.4%vs 17.1%; P < 0.001). Conclusion The vaginal bleeding rate during cycles 4,6 was significantly lower in women using tibolone. Both treatments improved QoL, wellbeing, climacteric symptoms and urogenital symptoms. Breast tenderness was significantly less frequent with tibolone. [source]


Application of imiquimod by suppositories (anal tampons) efficiently prevents recurrences after ablation of anal canal condyloma

BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2002
M. Kaspari
SummaryBackground After surgical removal, anal canal condyloma (ACC) has a higher risk of recurrence compared with extragenital warts. Objectives To reduce local recurrences of ACC using follow-up treatment with imiquimod-containing suppositories (anal tampons). Methods After ablation of ACC, 10 male patients received treatment with imiquimod suppositories three times weekly for 3,4 months. Results Treatment with imiquimod anal tampons was well tolerated. Early initial recurrences in some patients cleared after treatment with the imiquimod suppositories. Within a mean follow-up of 9 months no patient demonstrated recurrence of ACC. Conclusions These data suggest that imiquimod anal tampons may represent a new therapeutic option to prevent recurrences of ACC following ablative surgery. [source]


Mycobacterium vaccae administration during allergen sensitization or challenge suppresses asthmatic features

CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Issue 8 2003
J. J. Smit
Summary Background and objective The hygiene hypothesis suggests that a lack of bacterial infections would favour the development of allergic disease. For this reason, bacteria or their components can be used as potential treatment for allergic asthma. We investigated whether heat-killed Mycobacterium vaccae is either able to suppress the induction of allergic asthma or able to suppress already established allergic asthma. Methods Mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA)/alum on days 0 and 14. Thereafter, mice were challenged on days 35, 39 and 42 by inhalation of either OVA or saline aerosols. M. vaccae -treated mice received an injection with 106, 107 or 108 CFU heat-killed M. vaccae on days 0 and 14 or 107 CFU on days 35 and 39. On day 43, the airway responsiveness of the mice to increasing concentrations of methacholine was assessed, blood was withdrawn to measure serum parameters, and lung lavage was performed to detect cytokines and inflammatory cell number. Results Treatment of OVA-sensitized mice with 107 CFU M. vaccae either during sensitization or challenge suppresses airway hyper-responsiveness, airway eosinophilia and IL-5 production after OVA challenge. The increases in OVA-specific serum IgE and in IL-4 by respiratory challenges with OVA were only diminished after M. vaccae treatment (107 CFU) during sensitization. Conclusions Heat-killed M. vaccae prevents allergic and asthmatic manifestations in a mouse model and, more importantly, M. vaccae treatment during challenge suppresses features of asthma, which opens up possibilities for new therapeutic interventions. [source]