CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC POLICY, Issue 4 2010
GEORGE R. PARSONS
Natural Resource Damage Assessment cases often call for compensation in non-monetary or restoration equivalent terms. In this article, we present an approach that uses a conventional economic model, a travel cost random utility model of site choice, to determine compensatory restoration equivalents for hypothetical beach closures on the Gulf Coast of Texas. Our focus is on closures of beaches on the Padre Island National Seashore and compensation for day-trip users. We identify restoration projects that compensate for beach closures and that have good alignment in terms of compensating those who actually suffer from the closures. (JEL Q26) [source]

COST EFFECTIVENESS OF VEGETATIVE FILTER STRIPS AND INSTREAM HALF-LOGS FOR ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION,

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION, Issue 5 2006
Emmanuel A. Frimpong
ABSTRACT: This paper presents the results of cost effectiveness (CE) analysis of vegetative filter strips (VFS) and instream half-logs as tools for recovering scores on a fish Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) in the upper Wabash River watershed (UW) in Indiana. Three assumptions were made about recovery time for IBI scores (5,15, and 30 years) and social discount rates (1, 3, and 5 percent), which were tested for sensitivity of the estimated CE ratios. Effectiveness of VFS was estimated using fish IBIs and riparian forest cover from 49 first-order to fifth-order stream reaches. Half-log structures had been installed for approximately two years in the UW prior to the study and provided a basis for estimates of cost and maintenance. Cost effectiveness ratios for VFS decreased from $387 to $277 per 100 m for a 1 percent increase in IBI scores from first-to fifth-order streams with 3 percent discount and 30-year recovery. This cost weighted by proportion of stream orders was $360. The ratio decreased with decreasing time of recovery and discount rate. Based on installation costs and an assumption of equal recovery rates, half-logs were two-thirds to one-half as cost-effective as VFS. Half-logs would be a cost-effective supplement to VFS in low order streams if they can be proven to recover IBI scores faster than VFS do. This study provides baseline data and a framework for planning and determining the cost of stream restoration. [source]

MERCURY IN WATER AND SEDIMENT OF STEAMBOAT CREEK, NEVADA: IMPLICATIONS FOR STREAM RESTORATION,

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION, Issue 4 2001
Mitchell Blum
ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to characterize the sources, concentrations, and distribution of total and methylmercury in water, and channel and bank sediments of Steamboat Creek, Nevada. This information was needed to begin to assess the potential impacts of stream restoration on mercury pollution in this tributary to the Truckee River. The Truckee River flows into Pyramid Lake, a terminal water body home to one endangered and one threatened fish species, where stable pollutants will accumulate over time. Mercury in Steamboat Creek was originally derived from its headwaters, Washoe Lake, where several gold and silver mills that utilized mercury were located. In the 100 plus years since ore processing occurred, mercury-laden alluvium has been deposited in the stream channel and on streambanks where it is available for remobilization. Total mercury concentrations measured in unfiltered water from the creek ranged from 82 to 419 ng/L, with greater than 90 percent of this mercury being particle-bound (> 0.45 (m). Mercury in sediments ranged from 0.26 to 10.2 pg/g. Methylmercury concentrations in sediments of Steamboat Creek were highest in wetlands, lower in the stream channel, and still lower in streambank settings. Methylmercury concentrations in water were 0.63 to 1.4 ng/L. A streambank restoration plan, which includes alterations to channel geometry and wetland creation or expansion, has been initiated for the creek. Data developed indicate that streambank stabilization could reduce the mercury loading to the Creek and that wetland construction could exacerbate methylmercury production. [source]

CHRIST'S RESTORATION OF HUMANKIND IN THE LATERCULUS MALALIANUS, 14

THE HEYTHROP JOURNAL, Issue 1 2007
JAMES R. SIEMENS
In the early 1990s, a previously-neglected text, entitled Laterculus Malalianus, was attributed by Jane Stevenson to the hand of Theodore of Tarsus (archbishop of Canterbury, 668,690). The text is a well-spring of Christological concerns. Above all, it reflects an interest in Christ's restorative work as it applies to all humankind, expressed in language very much reminiscent of Irenaeus of Lyons and, more explicitly, Ephrem the Syrian. Chapter fourteen in particular displays these characteristics in a concise manner. Theodore's references there compel the reader to deal with a wide range of sources, suggesting thereby a learned, if eclectic, writer; further, they give us insight into the kinds of theological influences to which seventh-century Insular divines were subject. It is the intention of this paper to expose some notable aspects of this under-esteemed work. [source]

LONGEVITY OF POSTERIOR COMPOSITE RESTORATIONS

JOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY, Issue 1 2007
Vishnu Raj BDS Guest Experts
[source]

LONGEVITY OF ANTERIOR COMPOSITE RESTORATIONS

JOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY, Issue 6 2006
Georgia Macedo DDS Guest Experts
[source]

MATERIALS FOR ALL-CERAMIC RESTORATIONS

JOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY, Issue 3 2006
Ariel J. Raigrodski DMD, MS Guest Expert
[source]

RETROSPECTIVE CLINICAL EVALUATION OF 1,314 CAST GOLD RESTORATIONS IN SERVICE FROM 1 TO 52 YEARS

JOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY, Issue 3 2004
Terry Donovan DDS
[source]

INFLUENCE OF CAVITY CONFIGURATION ON MICROLEAKAGE AROUND CLASS V RESTORATIONS BONDED WITH SEVEN SELF-ETCHING ADHESIVES

JOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY, Issue 2 2004
Jorge Perdigão DMD
[source]

Quantitative solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy of organic matter fractions in lowland rice soils

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE, Issue 2 2004
R. J. Smernik
Summary Spin counting on solid-state 13C cross-polarization (CP) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of two humic fractions isolated from tropical lowland soils showed that only 32,81% of potential 13C NMR signal was detected. The observability of 13C NMR signal (Cobs) was higher in the mobile humic acid (MHA) than in the calcium humate (CaHA) fraction, and increased with increasing intensity of irrigated rice cropping. NMR observability appeared to be related to the nature of the organic carbon, with phenol- and methoxyl-rich samples having the higher values of Cobs. The Bloch decay (BD) technique provided more quantitatively reliable 13C NMR spectra, as evidenced by values of Cobs in the range 91,100% for seven of the eight humic fractions studied. The BD spectra contained considerably more aryl and carbonyl signal, and less O,alkyl and alkyl signal, with the greatest differences between CP and BD spectra observed for the samples with low Cobs(CP). The causes of low CP observability were investigated using the spectral editing technique RESTORE ( REstoration of Spectra via TCH and T One Rho (T1,H) Editing). Rapid T1,H relaxation was found to be primarily responsible for the under-representation of carbonyl carbon, whereas inefficient cross-polarization was primarily responsible for the under-representation of aryl carbon in CP spectra. Proton NMR relaxation rates T1H and T1,H were found to correlate with other NMR properties and also with cropping management. Non-uniform rates of T1H relaxation in two of the CaHA fractions enabled the generation of proton spin relaxation editing subspectra. [source]

Role of Genetic Refuges in the Restoration of Native Gene Pools of Brown Trout

CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 4 2009
ROSA M. ARAGUAS
introgresión de piscifactoría; pautas de manejo; acervos génicas nativas; refugios genéticos; repoblación de peces Abstract:,Captive-bred animals derived from native, alien, or hybrid stocks are often released in large numbers in natural settings with the intention of augmenting harvests. In brown trout (Salmo trutta), stocking with hatchery-reared non-native fish has been the main management strategy used to maintain or improve depleted wild brown trout populations in Iberian and other Mediterranean regions. This measure has become a serious threat to the conservation of native genetic diversity, mainly due to introgressive hybridization. Aware of this risk, the agency responsible for management of brown trout in the eastern Pyrenees (Spain) created "brown trout genetic refuges" to preserve the integrity of brown trout gene pools in this region. Within refuge areas, the prerefuge status with respect to fishing activities has been maintained, but hatchery releases have been banned completely. We evaluated this management strategy through a comparison of the stocking impact on native populations that accounted for stocking histories before and after refuge designations and fishing activities. In particular we examined the relevant scientific, cultural, and political challenges encountered. Despite agency willingness to change fishery policies to balance exploitation and conservation, acceptance of these new policies by anglers and genetic monitoring of refuge populations should also be considered. To improve management supported by genetic refuges, we suggest focusing on areas where the public is more receptive, considering the situation of local native diversity, and monitoring of adjacent introgressed populations. We recommend the use of directional supportive breeding only when a population really needs to be enhanced. In any case, management strategies should be developed to allow for protection within the context of human use. Resumen:,Animales criados en cautiverio derivados de individuos nativos, exóticos o híbridos a menudo son liberados en grandes cantidades en ambientes naturales con la intención de incrementar su explotación. En la trucha común (Salmo trutta), la repoblación con peces no nativos criados en granjas ha sido la principal estrategia de manejo utilizada para mantener o mejorar poblaciones naturales de trucha común en la Peninsula Ibérica y otras regiones Mediterráneas. Esta medida se ha convertido en una seria amenaza para la conservación de la diversidad genética nativa, debido principalmente a la hibridación introgresiva. Consciente de este riesgo, la agencia responsable del manejo de la trucha común en los Pirineos orientales (España) creó"refugios genéticos de trucha común" para preservar la integridad de las acervos genéticos de trucha común en esta región. Dentro de las áreas de refugio, se ha mantenido el estatus previo al refugio con respecto a las actividades pesqueras pero las liberaciones de peces de piscifactoría han sido completamente prohibidas. Evaluamos esta estrategia de manejo mediante la comparación del impacto de la repoblación sobre las poblaciones nativas que registraron historias de repoblación antes y después de la designación de refugios y de actividades pesqueras. En particular, examinamos los significativos retos científicos, culturales y políticos que encontramos. A pesar de la disponibilidad de la agencia para cambiar las políticas de pesca hacia un equilibrio entre la explotación y la conservación, también se debe considerar la aceptación de estas nuevas políticas por los pescadores y el monitoreo genético de las poblaciones en los refugios. Para mejorar el manejo en los refugios genéticos sugerimos centrarse en las áreas donde el público es más receptivo, considerando la situación de la diversidad nativa local y el monitoreo de las poblaciones introgresadas adyacentes. Recomendamos la utilización de la cría de apoyo direccional solo cuando una población realmente requiera ser mejorada. En cualquier caso, se deberían desarrollar estrategias de manejo para permitir la protección en el contexto del uso por el hombre. [source]

Are There Benefits of Bat Roosts for Tropical Forest Restoration?

CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 5 2008
Karen D. Holl
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Motivations for the Restoration of Ecosystems

CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 2 2006
ANDRE F. CLEWELL
cambio climático; capital natural; restauración ecológica Abstract:,The reasons ecosystems should be restored are numerous, disparate, generally understated, and commonly underappreciated. We offer a typology in which these reasons,or motivations,are ordered among five rationales: technocratic, biotic, heuristic, idealistic, and pragmatic. The technocratic rationale encompasses restoration that is conducted by government agencies or other large organizations to satisfy specific institutional missions and mandates. The biotic rationale for restoration is to recover lost aspects of local biodiversity. The heuristic rationale attempts to elicit or demonstrate ecological principles and biotic expressions. The idealistic rationale consists of personal and cultural expressions of concern or atonement for environmental degradation, reengagement with nature, and/or spiritual fulfillment. The pragmatic rationale seeks to recover or repair ecosystems for their capacity to provide a broad array of natural services and products upon which human economies depend and to counteract extremes in climate caused by ecosystem loss. We propose that technocratic restoration, as currently conceived and practiced, is too narrow in scope and should be broadened to include the pragmatic rationale whose overarching importance is just beginning to be recognized. We suggest that technocratic restoration is too authoritarian, that idealistic restoration is overly restricted by lack of administrative strengths, and that a melding of the two approaches would benefit both. Three recent examples are given of restoration that blends the technocratic, idealistic, and pragmatic rationales and demonstrates the potential for a more unified approach. The biotic and heuristic rationales can be satisfied within the contexts of the other rationales. Resumen:,Las razones por la que los ecosistemas deben ser restaurados son numerosas, dispares, generalmente poco sustentadas, y comúnmente poco apreciadas. Ofrecemos una tipología en la que estas razones,o motivaciones,son ordenadas entre cinco razonamientos: tecnocrático, biótico, heurístico, idealista y pragmático. El razonamiento tecnocrático se refiere a la restauración que es llevada a cabo por agencias gubernamentales u otras grandes organizaciones para satisfacer misiones y mandatos institucionales específicos. El razonamiento biótico de la restauración es la recuperación de aspectos perdidos de la biodiversidad local. El razonamiento heurístico intenta extraer o demostrar principios ecológicos y expresiones bióticas. El razonamiento idealista consiste de expresiones personales y culturales de la preocupación o reparación de la degradación ambiental, reencuentro con la naturaleza y/o cumplimiento espiritual. El razonamiento pragmático busca recuperar o reparar ecosistemas por su capacidad de proporcionar una amplia gama de servicios y productos naturales de la que dependen las economías humanas y para contrarrestar extremos en el clima causados por la pérdida de ecosistemas. Proponemos que la restauración tecnocrática, como se concibe y practica actualmente, es muy corta en su alcance y debiera ampliarse para incluir al razonamiento pragmático, cuya importancia apenas comienza a ser reconocida. Sugerimos que la restauración tecnocrática es demasiado autoritaria, que la restauración idealista esta muy restringida por la falta de fortalezas administrativas, y que una mezcla de los dos enfoques podría beneficiar a ambas. Proporcionamos tres ejemplos recientes de restauración que combinan los razonamientos tecnocrático, idealista y pragmático y demuestran el potencial para un enfoque más unificado. Los razonamientos biótico y heurístico pueden ser satisfechos en el contexto de los otros razonamientos. [source]

Death Rides the Forest: Perceptions of Fire, Land Use, and Ecological Restoration of Western Forests

CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 4 2004
J. BOONE KAUFFMAN
fuego prescrito; incendios catastróficos; incendios en áreas silvestres; incendios no controlados; reducción de riesgo de combustible; restauración de bosques; tala de bosques Abstract:,Large wild fires occurring in forests, grasslands, and chaparral in the last few years have aroused much public concern. Many have described these events as "catastrophes" that must be prevented through aggressive increases in forest thinning. Yet the real catastrophes are not the fires themselves but those land uses, in concert with fire-suppression policies that have resulted in dramatic alterations to ecosystem structure and composition. The first step in the restoration of biological diversity (forest health) of western landscapes must be to implement changes in those factors that have caused degradation or are preventing recovery. This includes changes in policies and practices that have resulted in the current state of wildland ecosystems. Restoration entails much more than simple structural modifications achieved though mechanical means. Restoration should be undertaken at landscape scales and must allow for the occurrence of dominant ecosystem processes, such as the natural fire regimes achieved through natural and/or prescribed fires at appropriate temporal and spatial scales. Resumen:,En años recientes, grandes incendios en bosques, pastizales y chaparrales han causado bastante preocupación en la opinión pública. Muchos han descrito estos eventos como "catástrofes" que deben ser prevenidas mediante incrementos agresivos en la tala de bosques. Pero los incendios mismos no son las verdaderas catástrofes, sino los usos del suelo en conjunto con políticas de supresión de fuego que han resultado en alteraciones dramáticas de la estructura y composición de ecosistemas. El primer paso en la restauración de la diversidad biológica (salud del bosque) en paisajes occidentales debe ser la implementación de cambios en los factores que causaron la degradación o que están impidiendo la recuperación. Esto incluye cambios en políticas y prácticas que han resultado en el estado actual de ecosistemas en áreas silvestres. La restauración implica mucho más que simples modificaciones estructurales obtenidas mediante medios mecánicos. La restauración debe llevarse a cabo a nivel de paisaje y debe permitir que ocurrencia de procesos ecológicos dominantes (por ejemplo, regímenes de incendios naturales logrados mediante incendios naturales y/o prescritos en escalas temporales y espaciales apropiadas). [source]

Modeled Effects of Sagebrush-Steppe Restoration on Greater Sage-Grouse in the Interior Columbia Basin, U.S.A.

CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 5 2002
Michael J. Wisdom
Consequently, managers of FS,BLM lands need effective strategies to recover sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) habitats on which this species depends. In response to this need, we evaluated the potential benefits of two restoration scenarios on Greater Sage-Grouse in the interior Columbia Basin and adjacent portions of the Great Basin of the western United States. Scenario 1 assumed a 50% reduction in detrimental grazing effects (through changes in stocking rates and grazing systems) and a six-fold increase in areas treated with active restoration (e.g., prescribed burning, native seedings, wildfire suppression) compared with future management proposed by the FS,BLM. Scenario 2 assumed a 100% reduction in detrimental grazing effects and the same increase in active restoration as scenario 1. To evaluate benefits, we estimated the risk of population extirpation for sage grouse 100 years in the future under the two scenarios and compared this risk with that estimated for proposed (100-year) FS,BLM management. We used estimates of extirpation risk for historical (circa 1850,1890) and current time periods as a context for our comparison. Under historical conditions, risk of extirpation was very low on FS,BLM lands, but increased to a moderate probability under current conditions. Under proposed FS,BLM management, risk of extirpation on FS,BLM lands increased to a high probability 100 years in the future. Benefits of the two restoration scenarios, however, constrained the future risk of extirpation to a moderate probability. Our results suggest that expansive and sustained habitat restoration can maintain desired conditions and reduce future extirpation risk for sage grouse on FS,BLM lands in western North America. The continued spread of exotic plants, however, presents a formidable challenge to successful restoration and warrants substantial research and management attention. Resumen: Los hábitats del urogallo (Centrocercus urophasianus) han disminuido a lo largo de la región occidental de Norteamérica, y la mayoría de los hábitats restantes ocurren en terrenos administrados por el Servicio Forestal de E.U.A. (SF) y el Buró de Administración de Tierras ( BAT ). Por lo tanto, los encargados de las tierras SF,BAT necesitan estrategias eficaces para recuperar los hábitats de artemisa (Artemisia spp.) de los cuales depende esta especie. En respuesta a esta necesidad, evaluamos los beneficios potenciales de dos escenarios de restauración sobre el urogallo en el interior de la Cuenca del Columbia y porciones adyacentes de la Gran Cuenca del occidente de los Estados Unidos. El escenario 1 supone una reducción del 50% en los efectos perjudiciales del pastoreo ( por medio de cambios en las tasas de aprovisionamiento y en los sistemas de pastoreo) y un incremento de seis veces en la superficie de las áreas tratadas con restauración activa ( por ejemplo, quemas prescritas, plántulas nativas, supresión de fuego no controlado) comparada con la administración futura propuesta por el SF,BAT. El escenario 2 supone una reducción del 100% en los efectos de pastoreo perjudiciales y el mismo aumento en la restauración activa que en el escenario 1. Para evaluar los beneficios, estimamos el riesgo de extirpación de la población de urogallos en 100 años bajo los dos escenarios y comparamos este riesgo con el riesgo estimado por la propuesta de manejo de SF,BAT (100-años). Utilizamos estimaciones del riesgo de extirpación en períodos históricos (entre 1850 y 1890) y actuales como contexto para nuestra comparación. Bajo condiciones históricas, el riesgo de extirpación fue muy bajo en los terrenos SF,BAT pero aumentó a una probabilidad moderada bajo condiciones actuales. Bajo la administración propuesta por SF,BAT, el riesgo de extirpación en los terrenos SF,BAT aumentó a una alta probabilidad 100 años en el futuro. Sin embargo, los beneficios de los dos escenarios de restauración constriñen el riesgo de extirpación a una probabilidad moderada. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la restauración expansiva y sostenida del hábitat puede mantener condiciones deseadas y reduce el riesgo de extirpación de urogallos en terrenos SF,BAT en la región occidental de Norteamérica. Sin embargo, la continua extensión de plantas exóticas representa un reto formidable para la restauración exitosa y justifica considerable investigación y atención de manejo. [source]

Legitimations of the State: The Weakening of Authority and the Restoration of Power

CONSTELLATIONS: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRITICAL AND DEMOCRATIC THEORY, Issue 3 2006
Michaël F
First page of article [source]

Orthodontic extrusion of subgingivally fractured incisor before restoration.

DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2005
A case report: 3-years follow-up
Abstract,,, Orthodontic forced eruption may be a suitable approach without risking the esthetic appearance in tooth fracture below the gingival attachment or alveolar bone crest. Extrusion of such teeth allows elevating the fracture line above the epithelial attachment and so the proper finishing margins can be prepared. Restoration after orthodontic eruption may present a more conservative treatment choice in young patients compared with the prosthetic restoration after extraction. This case describes a multidisciplinary approach using the orthodontic forced eruption facilitating the composite restoration of a fractured upper permanent central incisor. [source]

Surgical Approaches for Stable Vitiligo

DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 10 2005
Rafael Falabella MD
Background. Vitiligo therapy is difficult. Depending on its clinical presentation, unilateral or bilateral vitiligo lesions respond well with different repigmentation rates, according to age, affected anatomic area, extension of lesions, time at onset, timing of depigmentation spread, and other associated factors. When stable and refractory to medical treatment, vitiligo lesions may be treated by implanting pigment cells on depigmented areas. Objective. To describe the main events of depigmentation and the fundamentals of surgical techniques for repigmenting vitiligo by implanting noncultured cellular or tissue grafts, in vitro cultured epidermis-bearing pigment cells, or melanocyte suspensions. Methods. A description of the available techniques for repigmentation of vitiligo is done, emphasizing the most important details of each procedure to obtain the best repigmentation and minimize side effects. Results. With most of these techniques, adequate repigmentation is obtained, although there are limitations when applying some methods to clinical practice. Conclusions. Restoration of pigmentation may be accomplished with all available surgical procedures in most anatomic locations, but they are of little value for acral areas. Unilateral vitiligo responds well in a high proportion of patients, and bilateral disease may also respond when stable. Appropriate patient selection is important to achieve the best results. [source]

The Art of Repair in Surgical Hair Restoration,Part II: The Tactics of Repair

DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 10 2002
Robert M. Bernstein MD
background. As patient awareness of new hair transplantation techniques grows, the repair of improperly planned or poorly executed procedures becomes an increasingly important part of surgical hair restoration. objective. Part II of this series is written to serve as a practical guide for surgeons who perform repairs in their daily practices. It focuses on specific repair techniques. methods. The repairs are performed by excision with reimplantation and/or by camouflage. Follicular unit transplantation is used for the restorative aspects of the procedure. results. Using punch or linear excision techniques allows the surgeon to relocate poorly planted grafts to areas that are more appropriate. The key elements of camouflage include creating a deep zone of follicular units, angling grafts in their natural direction, and using forward and side weighting of grafts to increase the appearance of fullness. In special situations, removal of grafts without reimplantation can be accomplished using lasers or electrolysis. conclusion. Meticulous surgical techniques and optimal utilization of a limited hair supply will enable the surgeon to achieve the best possible cosmetic results for patients requiring repairs. [source]

Lesion-induced neurogenesis in the hypothalamus is involved in behavioral recovery in adult ring doves

DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROBIOLOGY, Issue 6 2006
Gang Chen
Abstract Although neurogenesis in the brain of adult vertebrates is region dependent, lesion induces generation of new neurons in non-neurogenic brain regions. These findings raise the question of the role of new neurons in brain repair and functional recovery. We addressed this question by applying previous observations that electrolytic lesion induced neurogenesis in the ventromedial nucleus (VMN) of the hypothalamus in adult ring doves. Such lesions disrupted the male's courtship behavior, which could be reinstated after rehabilitation with a female. We investigated whether lesion-induced newborn neurons in the VMN facilitate the recovery of courtship behavior in the lesioned birds. We conducted systematic observations of cytological, morphological, and neuroanatomical changes in the lesioned VMN, and concurrently we monitored behavioral changes. Using a multitude of specific cell markers, we found a well-circumscribed cellular zone that proliferated actively. This highly proliferative zone initially appeared along the periphery of the lesion site, where cells had high levels of expression of neuronal, glial, and neurovascular markers. As newborn neurons matured at the lesion site, the necrosis gradually decreased, whereas a downsized proliferative zone relocated to a region ventral to the VMN. Some of the mature neurons were found to project to the midbrain vocal nuclei. Restoration of these projection neurons coincided with the recovery of courtship vocalization. Finally, we found that a social factor, that is, when the male doves were cohoused with a mate, facilitated neurogenesis and behavioral recovery. These results suggest that lesion-induced neurogenesis contributes to behavioral recovery in adult animals. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2006 [source]

Restoration, ritual and environmentalism

DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS, Issue 2 2006
George Robinson
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

New developments in small molecules targeting p53 pathways in anticancer therapy

DRUG DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, Issue 6 2008
Chit Fang Cheok
Abstract The tumor suppressor p53 is frequently inactivated in a wide variety of cancers and point mutations or deletions of the p53 gene are associated with poor prognosis in cancer. About half of all human tumors carry wildtype p53 but p53 wildtype functions are often suppressed by the overexpression of murine double minute 2 (MDM2), a negative regulator of p53. Restoration of p53 functions in tumor cells, therefore, represents an attractive strategy in combating cancer and has been the focus of intensive anticancer drug discovery. One strategy is to antagonize MDM2 functions and initial success was demonstrated in vitro and in xenograft tumor models using newly discovered small molecule inhibitors and antisense oligonucleotides. The new discovery of a compound targeting SirT1 (a member of the sirtuin family) in a p53-dependent reporter screen highlighted the importance of another negative regulator of p53 and offers an additional avenue for drug discovery and research on p53-activating therapeutics. Here, we discuss the developments of p53-activating small molecules and their potential use in combination therapy with established chemotherapeutics. These small molecules were discovered from chemical library screening using biochemical assays or cellular-based assays, and/or structure-based rational drug design strategies. Drug Dev Res 69:289,296, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Restoration of forest structure in managed regrowth at Rocky Creek Dam, Australia

ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT & RESTORATION, Issue 2 2008
Jennifer C. Sanger
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Restoration of degraded moving image for predicting a moving object

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN, Issue 2 2009
Kei Akiyama
Abstract Iterative optimal calculation methods have been proposed for degraded static image restoration based on the multiresolution wavelet decomposition. However, it is quite difficult to apply these methods to process moving images due to the high computational cost. In this paper, we propose an effective restoration method for degraded moving images by modeling the motion of moving object and predicting the future object position. We verified our method by computer simulations and experiments to show that our method can achieve favorable results. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(2): 38,48, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10013 [source]

Restoration of C1q levels by bone marrow transplantation attenuates autoimmune disease associated with C1q deficiency in mice

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 12 2004
Josefina Cortes-Hernandez
Abstract C1q deficiency in both humans and mice is strongly associated with autoimmunity. We have previously shown that bone marrow transplantation (BMT) restored C1q levels in C1q-deficient (C1qa,/,) mice. Here, we studied the effect of BMT on autoimmunity in C1qa,/, mice. Following irradiation, young C1qa,/, or wild-type MRL/Mp mice received bone marrow cells (BMC) from strain-matched wild-type or C1qa,/, animals. C1q levels increased rapidly when C1qa,/, mice received BMC from wild-type mice. Conversely, they decreased slowly in wild-type mice transplanted with C1qa,/, BMC. C1qa,/, animals transplanted with C1qa,/, BMC demonstrated accelerated disease when compared with wild-type mice given wild-type BMC. In contrast, a significant delay in the development of autoantibodies and glomerulonephritis was observed in C1qa,/, mice reconstituted with wild-type BMC, and the impaired clearance of apoptotic cells, previously described in C1qa,/, mice, was rectified. Moreover, the autoimmune disease was accelerated in wild-type mice given C1qa,/, BMC compared to animals transplanted with wild-type cells. These results provide supporting evidence that BMT may be a therapeutic option in the treatment of autoimmunity associated with human C1q deficiency. [source]

Detraining losses of skeletal muscle capillarization are associated with vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression in rats

EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 2 2010
Moh H. Malek
The purposes of this study were as follows: (1) to examine basal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein concentrations following 10 weeks of endurance training and after 7 days of detraining; and (2) to examine the acute VEGF protein response to a single 1 h exercise work bout in trained and detrained animals in relationship to changes in capillary indices following training and detraining. Thirty-three Sprague,Dawley rats were randomized into the following six groups: (1) control,basal; (2) control,acute exercise; (3) trained,basal; (4) trained,acute exercise; (5) detrained,basal; and (6) detrained,acute exercise. Groups 3,6 performed endurance training on a rodent treadmill three times per week for 10 weeks. Following the training intervention, rats in groups 5 and 6 remained cage confined (i.e. detrained) for 7 days. As expected, training increased soleus and plantaris muscle capillarity and attenuated the VEGF response to acute exercise. Seven days of detraining, however, resulted in a regression of capillary contacts and individual capillary-to-fibre ratio in the plantaris and soleus muscles compared with the trained group (P < 0.05). Restoration of the VEGF protein response to acute exercise was evident in both muscles, but only statistically significant in the plantaris muscle (P < 0.05). This is the first study to demonstrate the temporal relationship between VEGF protein expression and skeletal muscle capillarity within the first week of detraining. The findings of the present investigation are consistent with the hypothesis that reduced capillarity impairs oxygen availability to the working muscles. The results indicated that training-induced angiogenic remodelling was reversible following 1 week of detraining and may be modulated by VEGF. [source]

Microencapsulation: Restoration of Conductivity with TTF-TCNQ Charge-Transfer Salts (Adv. Funct.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 11 2010
Mater.
Rupture of a mixture of core,shell microcapsules containing tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and, separately, tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) in solution results in the formation of the conductive TTF-TCNQ charge-transfer salt. On page 1721, J. S. Moore and co-workers used this initially non-conductive microcapsule system to restore electrical conductivity to a damaged gold circuit upon microcapsule rupture. Illustration provided by Alex Jerez. [source]

Restoration of Conductivity with TTF-TCNQ Charge-Transfer Salts

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 11 2010
Susan A. Odom
Abstract The formation of the conductive TTF-TCNQ (tetrathiafulvalene,tetracyanoquinodimethane) charge-transfer salt via rupture of microencapsulated solutions of its individual components is reported. Solutions of TTF and TCNQ in various solvents are separately incorporated into poly(urea-formaldehyde) core,shell microcapsules. Rupture of a mixture of TTF-containing microcapsules and TCNQ-containing microcapsules results in the formation of the crystalline salt, as verified by FTIR spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. Preliminary measurements demonstrate the partial restoration of conductivity of severed gold electrodes in the presence of TTF-TCNQ derived in situ. This is the first microcapsule system for the restoration of conductivity in mechanically damaged electronic devices in which the repairing agent is not conductive until its release. [source]

Restoration of sturgeons: lessons from the Caspian Sea Sturgeon Ranching Programme

FISH AND FISHERIES, Issue 3 2000
D.H. Secor
Depletion of sturgeon stocks world-wide has increased interest in aquaculture-based restoration programmes. The Caspian Sea Sturgeon Ranching Programme (SRP) of the former Soviet Union represents a unique opportunity to evaluate expense, benefits and potential ecological and genetic effects of such restoration programmes. The SRP was initiated in the 1950s to compensate for lost spawning habitat in the Volga River and elsewhere. After its completion in 1962, the Volgograd Dam reduced spawning grounds in the Volga River system, the principal spawning tributary of the Caspian Sea, by ,80%. For two of the three commercial sturgeon species (Russian sturgeon, Acipenser güldenstädti, and stellate sturgeon, A. stellatus), yields improved after the imposition of the 1962 moratorium on sturgeon harvests in the Caspian Sea. Volga River fisheries were managed for spawning escapement. Although imprecisely known, the contribution of the millions of stocked Russian and stellate juveniles during 1962,91 was most likely important to sustaining fisheries, although less so (contributing to <30% of the adult stock) than natural recruitment. Apparently, reduced spawning grounds, supplemented with artificial spawning reefs were sufficient to support reproduction and large fishery yields of Russian and stellate sturgeons. For beluga sturgeon, Huso huso, harvests in the Volga River were nearly all dependent upon hatchery stocking. Beluga sturgeon spawning grounds were mostly eliminated with the construction of the Volgograd Dam. Without the hatchery programme, beluga sturgeon in the Volga River and Caspian Sea would in all likelihood have been extirpated. Currently, sturgeons are severely depleted in the Volga River and Caspian Sea due to poaching and lack of co-operation between countries exploiting the species. Aquaculture-based restoration in Russia is now viewed a chief means of rebuilding stocks of Caspian Sea sturgeons. [source]

Restoration options for potential persistence of submersed aquatic vegetation: combining ecological, hydrodynamic and sediment transport modelling

FRESHWATER BIOLOGY, Issue 4 2008
ELLY P. H. BEST
Summary 1. Restoration of shallow turbid lakes to promote growth of submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) requires knowledge of the environmental factors affecting SAV growth and persistence, and a means to predict the success of SAV reestablishment under different management scenarios to improve these environmental conditions. We used a dynamic ecological modelling approach relating SAV responses to changes in physical and chemical conditions, with information on water level, flow and transparency being provided by hydrodynamic and sediment transport models. 2. The potential persistence of Vallisneria americana was similar under simulated environmental conditions in 1946 and in 1954, as was the potential persistence of Potamogeton pectinatus, indicating that the disappearance of V. americana from Peoria Lake (U.S.A.) previously attributed to an extended spring flood in 1954, may have been related to the combined effects of changes in water level, flow and water transparency as well as possibly other factors. 3. Recent environmental conditions (for 2000) proved not to be conducive for the colonization and persistence potential of V. americana, but would allow colonization by P. pectinatus. The construction of a hypothetical levee along the eastern descending line of the navigation channel in Upper Peoria Lake, which was expected to reduce fetch- and navigation-related turbidity, did not improve the situation for V. americana and overall deteriorated the situation for P. pectinatus. Thus, such a hydraulic alteration, generally considered as beneficial for SAV restoration, may not always be successful. 4. The results of the simulations indicated that the environmental conditions for potential persistence in Peoria Lake were generally less favourable for V. americana than for P. pectinatus. Measures suggested to restore SAV communities in such a lake should aim at reducing concentrations of total suspended solids at the point of inflow by a factor of three to four and limiting fetch- and navigation-related resuspension. [source]