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Responsibility
Kinds of Responsibility Terms modified by Responsibility Selected AbstractsCORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE1ECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 4 2009Elaine SternbergArticle first published online: 23 NOV 200 Corporate social responsibility (,CSR') is often associated with hopes for improved corporate governance. As understood conventionally, however, CSR is conceptually incoherent, practically unworkable, and wholly unjustified. To be compatible with corporate governance, ,CSR' needs to be understood not as Counterproductive Stakeholder Regimentation, but as Conscientious Stakeholder Responsibility. [source] SAVING OUR ENVIRONMENT FROM WASHINGTON: HOW CONGRESS GRABS POWER, SHIRKS RESPONSIBILITY, AND SHORTCHANGES THE PEOPLE by David SchoenbrodECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 2 2006Yelena ShagallArticle first published online: 1 JUN 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] TRUST AND PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY IN A LIBERAL MARKETECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 2 2004Chris Daykin Although apparently anti-competitive, the organised professions are deemed to be in the public interest because they ensure a supply of expertise within an ethical framework. Since they rely on the concept of a fiduciary relationship between the professional and the client, any failure of trust can undermine the structure. The paper explores the basis for trust, why trust may have failed, and how it might be restored. [source] GOVERNING FOR RESPONSIBILITY AND WITH LOVE: PARENTS AND CHILDREN BETWEEN HOME AND SCHOOLEDUCATIONAL THEORY, Issue 1 2008Benjamin Baez Where these two objectives converge is in their techniques: they both use the parent-child relationship and what appears to motivate it. Drawing on Michel Foucault's conceptualization of government as "the conduct of conduct," Baez and Talburt analyze two pamphlets with an eye to several themes: the "commonsensical" nature of its address to loving parents; the "responsibilization" of parents and children; the insidious entry of school goals and behavioral norms into homes; and the seeming empowerment of the parent as partner in his or her child's learning. Finally, the authors discuss how the logic of modern forms of governing families and schools might be contested. [source] TEACHING CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN BUSINESS LAW AND BUSINESS ETHICS CLASSROOMSJOURNAL OF LEGAL STUDIES EDUCATION, Issue 1 2002Daniel T. Ostas [source] INDIVIDUAL PROCREATIVE RESPONSIBILITY AND THE NON-IDENTITY PROBLEMPACIFIC PHILOSOPHICAL QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2009EDUARDO RIVERA-LÓPEZ The question I address in this paper is whether and under what conditions it is morally right to bring a person into existence. I defend the commonsensical thesis that, other things being equal, it is morally wrong to create a person who will be below some threshold of quality of life, even if the life of this potential person, once created, will nevertheless be worth living. However commonsensical this view might seem, it has shown to be problematic because of the so-called ,Non-Identity Problem'. Both utilitarian and rights-based approaches have been unable to provide a solution to this problem. I rest my thesis on two premises: that causing a disability or impairment in a future person is prima facie wrong, so long as we can avoid causing such a disability to that very person; and that reproduction, under normal conditions, is prima facie morally indifferent. From these two premises, I conclude that it is prima facie wrong to bring into existence a person with a non-trivial disability or impairment (which might be, nonetheless, compatible with a worthwhile life), even if the only available alternative is to remain childless. [source] SITUATING ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITY: A COMPARISON OF MEDIEVAL CHRISTIAN AND MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC ADMINISTRATIVE THOUGHTPUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, Issue 3 2006SARAR. Contemporary studies of administrative thought allow only a limited range of viability for medieval and non-Western thought on the subject of public administration. This tendency belies the wealth of thought embedded within this broad literature. This paper investigates the matter of administrative accountability and responsibility through the lens of a comparative theorist of historical administrative thought. In order to assess the explanatory potential of early and non-Western administrative studies, two texts have been chosen, both previously unanalysed in conjunction (to the best of my knowledge) from the perspective of the administrative theorist , John of Salisbury's Policraticus and Abu al-Hassan Al-Mawardi's Al-Akham al-Sultaniyya w'al-Wilayat al Diniyya (The Ordinances of Government). Through an analysis of ideas of delegation and responsibility within these texts, the paper seeks to develop a critique of the place of revealed religious authority in the solution to the questions ,who are administrators responsible to?' and ,what are administrators responsible for?' [source] THE RESPONSIBILITY OF SOLDIERS AND THE ETHICS OF KILLING IN WARTHE PHILOSOPHICAL QUARTERLY, Issue 229 2007Yitzhak Benbaji According to the purist war ethic, the killings committed by soldiers fighting in just wars are permissible, but those committed by unjust combatants are nothing but murders. Jeff McMahan asserts that purism is a direct consequence of the justice-based account of self-defence. I argue that this is incorrect: the justice-based conception entails that in many typical cases, killing unjust combatants is morally unjustified. So real purism is much closer to pacifism than its proponents would like it to be. I conclude that the best explanation of the common view that unjust combatants may be defensively killed relies on a rights-based conception of self-defence. [source] HURLEY ON REASON-RESPONSIVENESS, REGRESSION, AND RESPONSIBILITYANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY, Issue 3 2005Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen First page of article [source] THE ELEMENTS OF RESPONSIBILITY*ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY, Issue 3 2005Philip Pettit First page of article [source] AL02 ADVERSE EVENTS: OUR RESPONSIBILITY FOR REPORTING, REVIEWING AND RESPONDINGANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 2009D. A. Watters An adverse event is defined as unintentional harm (to a patient) arising from an episode of healthcare and not due to the disease process itself. Surgical adverse events include death, unplanned reoperation, unplanned readmission, unplanned ICU readmission, medication errors and side-effects, falls, pressure ulcers, hospital acquired infection, and inadvertent injury during surgery. Adverse events occur in around 10% of general surgical cases. The rates also vary between specialties. Reporting: , Adverse events need to be reported through both a hospital incident reporting system (eg Riskman) and through surgical audit. Each adverse event should be graded using a Severity Assessment Code (1,4) on the basis of its effect on the patient or hospital service, and the likelihood of it recurring. Some of the more severe events will trigger an entry on the risk register, making service managers responsible for action. Reviewing: , The opportunity must be seized to improve system issues. An investigation (eg root cause analysis) should be conducted in an atmosphere of ,no-blame' with engagement of and consultation with the major stakeholders who are responsible for delivering solutions. Training in system-wide approaches and teamwork can be invaluable. Responding: , The response needs to recognise the needs of the patient who has been harmed. There should be an honest and frank discussion with the patient and/or their family, acknowledging their suffering with empathy and an apology should be offered without necessarily admitting any liability. Open disclosure has the potential to reduce risk of litigation. Surgeons need to engage in reporting, reviewing and responding if the rate of adverse events is to be reduced. [source] AL03 ADVERSE EVENTS: OUR RESPONSIBILITY FOR REPORTING, REVIEWING AND RESPONDINGANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 2009J. Collins The sustained production of competent surgeons in sufficient numbers to meet the increasing needs of society commences with recruitment and selection of the most able medical graduates. As the process begins through self-selection, accurate information must be readily available to enable these graduates make an informed judgement on their career choice. Each surgical discipline aspires to use best practice selection in order to identify those who have the potential to acquire the necessary standard of technical and non technical skills and attributes required to practice as a surgeon. A selection system must rank applicants effectively and be reliable, valid, fair, defensible, cost effective and feasible. Best practice selection commences with an analysis of the relevant knowledge, skills, abilities and attitudes associated with successful performance in the particular target job. This information is used to construct a person specification in order to identify selection criteria at a level appropriate for entry to training. Selection methods are then chosen which will best elicit measurable applicant behaviour related to these selection criteria. A number of selection methods are used which include structured references, curriculum vitae and interviews. Other methods available although rarely used include tests of mental ability, aptitude tests and personality inventories. More recently selection or assessment centres (a selection method, not a place) involving a combination of selection techniques such as written exercises, interviews and work simulations have been shown to be highly effective. Eligibility criteria for application (long listing), shortlising for interview, scoring of items within each selection method and overall % weighting for each method are important variables in the selection process. [source] GENETIC ENGINEERING TO AVOID GENETIC NEGLECT: FROM CHANCE TO RESPONSIBILITYBIOETHICS, Issue 4 2010JESSICA HAMMOND ABSTRACT Currently our assessment of whether someone is a good parent depends on the environmental inputs (or lack of such inputs) they give their children. But new genetic intervention technologies, to which we may soon have access, mean that how good a parent is will depend also on the genetic inputs they give their children. Each new piece of available technology threatens to open up another way that we can neglect our children. Our obligations to our children and our susceptibilities to corresponding legal and moral sanctions may be about to explosively increase. In this paper I argue that we should treat conventional neglect and ,genetic neglect', failing to use genetic intervention technologies to prevent serious diseases and disabilities , morally consistently. I conclude that in a range of cases parents will have a moral obligation to use genetic treatments to prevent serious disabilities in their children. My particular focus is on prenatal interventions and their impact of the bodily integrity of expectant mothers. I conclude that although bodily integrity constrains moral obligations, it is outweighed in a range of cases. [source] PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS: THE ETHICS OF RECOGNITION, RESPONSIBILITY, AND RESPECTBIOETHICS, Issue 9 2009MATTI HÄYRY ABSTRACT Ethics can be understood as a code of behaviour or as the study of codes of behaviour. While the mission of the International Association of Bioethics is a scholarly examination of moral issues in health care and the biological sciences, many people in the field believe that it is also their task to create new and better codes of practice. Both ways of doing bioethics are sound, but it is important to be aware of the distinction. In this paper, I will study the sources and aims of ethics and suggest a code of conduct for bioethicists based on recognition, responsibility, and respect. [source] RESPONSIBILITY FOR CONTROL; ETHICS OF PATIENT PREPARATION FOR SELF-MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC DISEASEBIOETHICS, Issue 5 2007BARBARA K. REDMAN ABSTRACT Patient self-management (SM) of chronic disease is an evolving movement, with some forms documented as yielding important outcomes. Potential benefits from proper preparation and maintenance of patient SM skills include quality care tailored to the patient's preferences and life goals, and increase in skills in problem solving, confidence and success, generalizable to other parts of the patient's life. Four central ethical issues can be identified: 1) insufficient patient/family access to preparation that will optimize their competence to SM without harm to themselves, 2) lack of acknowledgement that an ethos of patient empowerment can mask transfer of responsibility beyond patient/family competency to handle that responsibility, 3) prevailing assumptions that preparation for SM cannot result in harm and that its main purpose is to deliver physician instructions, and 4) lack of standards for patient selection, which has the potential to exclude individuals who could benefit from learning to SM. Technology assessment offers one framework through which to examine available data about efficacy of patient SM and to answer the central question of what conditions must be put in place to optimize the benefits of SM while assuring that potential harms are controlled. [source] RESPONSIBILITY AND REDRESS REVISITEDBRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTHERAPY, Issue 4 2003R.D. Hinshelwood [source] "God Has Chosen Us": Re-Membering Christian Realism, Rescuing Christendom, and the Contest of Responsibilities during the Cold War*DIPLOMATIC HISTORY, Issue 1 2009Mark Edwards First page of article [source] Consequences of Test Score Use as Validity Evidence: Roles and ResponsibilitiesEDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT: ISSUES AND PRACTICE, Issue 1 2009Paul D. Nichols This article has three goals. The first goal is to clarify the role that the consequences of test score use play in validity judgments by reviewing the role that modern writers on validity have ascribed for consequences in supporting validity judgments. The second goal is to summarize current views on who is responsible for collecting evidence of test score use consequences by attempting to separate the responsibilities of the test developer and the test user. The last goal is to offer a framework that attempts to prescribe the conditions under which the responsibility for collecting evidence of consequences falls to the test developer or to the test user. [source] Balancing Expectations for Employability and Family Responsibilities While on Social Assistance: Low-Income Mothers' Experiences in Three Canadian Provinces,FAMILY RELATIONS, Issue 5 2007Amber Gazso Abstract: Drawing upon a discourse analysis of public-use policy documents and qualitative interview data, this paper explores how mothers on social assistance in three Canadian provinces balance actual or expected policy expectations of their employability (e.g., participation in welfare-to-work programming) with their caregiving responsibilities. The results suggest that mothers' experiences of a time crunch, overload, and interference varied depending on their employability status and that they often experienced work-family conflict in ways similar to that experienced by working mothers not on assistance. The policy implications of these findings are discussed. [source] Staying with People Who Slap Us Around: Gender, Juggling Responsibilities and Violence in Paid (and Unpaid) Care WorkGENDER, WORK & ORGANISATION, Issue 2 2006Donna BainesArticle first published online: 13 FEB 200 Little is actually known about women's occupational health, let alone how men and women may experience similar jobs and health risks differently. Drawing on data from a larger study of social service workers, this article examines four areas where gender is pivotal to the new ways of organizing caring labour, including the expansion of unpaid work and the use of personal resources to subsidize agency resources; gender-neutral violence; gender-specific violence and the juggling of home and work responsibilities. Collective assumptions and expectations about how men and women should perform care work result in men's partial insulation from the more intense forms of exploitation, stress and violence. This article looks at health risks, not merely as compensable occupational health concerns, but as avoidable products of forms of work organization that draw on notions of the endlessly stretchable capacity of women to provide care work in any context, including a context of violence. Indeed, the logic of women's elastic caring appear crucial to the survival of some agencies and the gender order in these workplaces. [source] Donors' Learning Difficulties: Results, Relationships and ResponsibilitiesIDS BULLETIN, Issue 3 2005Rosalind Eyben First page of article [source] Factors associated with constructive staff,family relationships in the care of older adults in the institutional settingINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EVIDENCE BASED HEALTHCARE, Issue 4 2006Emily Haesler BN PGradDipAdvNsg Abstract Background, Modern healthcare philosophy espouses the virtues of holistic care and acknowledges that family involvement is appropriate and something to be encouraged due to the role it plays in physical and emotional healing. In the aged care sector, the involvement of families is a strong guarantee of a resident's well-being. The important role family plays in the support and care of the older adult in the residential aged care environment has been enshrined in the Australian Commonwealth Charter of Residents' Rights and Responsibilities and the Aged Care Standards of Practice. Despite wide acknowledgement of the importance of family involvement in the healthcare of the older adult, many barriers to the implementation of participatory family care have been identified in past research. For older adults in the healthcare environment to benefit from the involvement of their family members, healthcare professionals need an understanding of the issues surrounding family presence in the healthcare environment and the strategies to best support it. Objectives, The objectives of the systematic review were to present the best available evidence on the strategies, practices and organisational characteristics that promote constructive staff,family relationships in the care of older adults in the healthcare setting. Specifically this review sought to investigate how staff and family members perceive their relationships with each other; staff characteristics that promote constructive relationships with the family; and interventions that support staff,family relationships. Search strategy, A literature search was performed using the following databases for the years 1990,2005: Ageline, APAIS Health, Australian Family and Society Abstracts (FAMILY), CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Dare, Dissertation Abstracts, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Social Science Index. Personal communication from expert panel members was also used to identify studies for inclusion. A second search stage was conducted through review of reference lists of studies retrieved during the first search stage. The search was limited to published and unpublished material in English language. Selection criteria, The review was limited to studies involving residents and patients within acute, subacute, rehabilitation and residential settings, aged over 65 years, their family and healthcare staff. Papers addressing family members and healthcare staff perceptions of their relationships with each other were considered for this review. Studies in this review also included those relating to interventions to promote constructive staff,family relationships including organisational strategies, staff,family meetings, case conferencing, environmental approaches, etc. The review considered both quantitative and qualitative research and opinion papers for inclusion. Data collection and analysis, All retrieved papers were critically appraised for eligibility for inclusion and methodological quality independently by two reviewers, and the same reviewers collected details of eligible research. Appraisal forms and data extraction forms designed by the Joanna Briggs Institute as part of the QARI and NOTARI systematic review software packages were used for this review. Findings, Family members' perceptions of their relationships with staff showed that a strong focus was placed on opportunities for the family to be involved in the patient's care. Staff members also expressed a theoretical support for the collaborative process, however, this belief often did not translate to the staff members' clinical practice. In the studies included in the review staff were frequently found to rely on traditional medical models of care in their clinical practice and maintaining control over the environment, rather than fully collaborating with families. Four factors were found to be essential to interventions designed to support a collaborative partnership between family members and healthcare staff: communication, information, education and administrative support. Based on the evidence analysed in this systematic review, staff and family education on relationship development, power and control issues, communication skills and negotiating techniques is essential to promoting constructive staff,family relationships. Managerial support, such as addressing workloads and staffing issues; introducing care models focused on collaboration with families; and providing practical support for staff education, is essential to gaining sustained benefits from interventions designed to promote constructive family,staff relationships. [source] Responsibilities of Criminal Justice OfficialsJOURNAL OF APPLIED PHILOSOPHY, Issue 2 2010KIMBERLEY BROWNLEE abstract In recent years, political philosophers have hotly debated whether ordinary citizens have a general pro tanto moral obligation to follow the law. Contemporary philosophers have had less to say about the same question when applied to public officials. In this paper, I consider the latter question in the morally complex context of criminal justice. I argue that criminal justice officials have no general pro tanto moral obligation to adhere to the legal dictates and lawful rules of their offices. My claim diverges not only from the commonsense view about such officials, but also from the positions standardly taken in legal theory and political science debates, which presume there is some general obligation that must arise from legal norms and be reconciled with political realities. I defend my claim by highlighting the conceptual gap between the rigid, generalised, codified rules that define a criminal justice office and the special moral responsibilities of the various moral roles that may underpin that office (such as guard, guardian, healer, educator, mediator, counsellor, advocate, and carer). After addressing four objections to my view, I consider specific contexts in which criminal justice officials are obligated not to adhere to the demands of their offices. Amongst other things, the arguments advanced in this paper raise questions about both the distribution of formal discretion in the criminal justice system and the normative validity of some of the offices that presently exist in criminal justice systems. [source] Ambiguous Responsibilities: Law and Conflicting Expert Testimony on the Abused Woman Who Shot Her Sleeping HusbandLAW & SOCIAL INQUIRY, Issue 2 2000Renée Römkens First page of article [source] A Moral Critique of Development: In Search of Global ResponsibilitiesAMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, Issue 1 2006R. L. STIRRAT A Moral Critique of Development: In Search of Global Responsibilities. Philip van Ufford and Ananta Kumar Giri, eds. New York: Routledge, 2003. 309 pp. [source] The Responsibilities of Theology to Business (or the Responsibilities of the Butcher, the Baker, and the Imagemaker)NEW BLACKFRIARS, Issue 948 2000Helen Alford OP First page of article [source] The Responsibilities of Theology to Business (or the Responsibilities of the Butcher, the Baker, and the Imagemaker)NEW BLACKFRIARS, Issue 947 2000Helen Alford OP First page of article [source] Responsibilities of children in Latino immigrant homesNEW DIRECTIONS FOR YOUTH DEVELOPMENT, Issue 100 2003Marjorie Faulstich Orellana Using survey and observational data, children's contributions to households in a Mexican immigrant community in Chicago are examined. Children provide essential help to their families, including translating, interpreting, and caring for siblings. These daily life activities shape possibilities for learning and development. [source] Designing Agendas to Reflect Board Roles and Responsibilities: Results of a StudyNONPROFIT MANAGEMENT & LEADERSHIP, Issue 1 2000Sue Inglis Over a nine-month period the board agendas of a community nonprofit organization were redesigned to reflect a particular board agenda tool titled "Strategic Activities, Resource Planning, and Operations." Feedback from the board members and executive director indicate strong support for the framework in focusing the work of the board. The framework also has implications for how the executive director and board members prepare for meetings and how the shared leadership of the meetings is played out. [source] Device Monitoring: Remote and Not So Remote Responsibilities: A Call to the Professional SocietiesPACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 12 2009F.A.C.C., F.A.H.A., F.E.S.C., F.H.R.S., JOHN D. FISHER M.D. No abstract is available for this article. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||