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Kinds of Resources Terms modified by Resources Selected AbstractsCONTROLLING GAMBLING: A POPULATION-BASED PERSPECTIVE TO MEASUREMENT AND MONITORING AS RESOURCE FOR EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONSADDICTION, Issue 7 2009NORMAN GIESBRECHT No abstract is available for this article. [source] RESOURCE FOR STUDENTS OF PROHIBITION AND THE AMERICAN TEMPERANCE MOVEMENTADDICTION, Issue 5 2005Article first published online: 22 APR 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT AS THE "BEST OF A BAD SITUATION": FITNESS TRADE-OFFS RESULTING FROM SELECTION TO MINIMIZE RESOURCE AND MATE COMPETITIONEVOLUTION, Issue 10 2005Karin S. Pfennig Abstract Character displacement has long been considered a major cause of adaptive diversification. When species compete for resources or mates, character displacement minimizes competition by promoting divergence in phenotypes associated with resource use (ecological character displacement) or mate attraction (reproductive character displacement). In this study, we investigated whether character displacement can also have pleiotropic effects that lead to fitness trade-offs between the benefits of avoiding competition and costs accrued in other fitness components. We show that both reproductive and ecological character displacement have caused spadefoot toads to evolve smaller body size in the presence of a heterospecific competitor. Although this shift in size likely arose as a by-product of character displacement acting to promote divergence between species in mating behavior and larval development, it concomitantly reduces offspring survival, female fecundity, and sexual selection on males. Thus, character displacement may represent the "best of a bad situation" in that it lessens competition, but at a cost. Individuals in sympatry with the displaced phenotype will have higher fitness than those without the displaced trait because they experience reduced competition, but they may have reduced fitness relative to individuals in allopatry. Such a fitness trade-off can limit the conditions under which character displacement evolves and may even increase the risk of "Darwinian extinction" in sympatric populations. Consequently, character displacement may not always promote diversification in the manner that is often expected. [source] VORACIOUS TRANSFORMATION OF A COMMON NATURAL RESOURCE INTO PRODUCTIVE CAPITAL,INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 2 2010Frederick Van Der Ploeg I analyze a power struggle where competing factions have,private,financial assets and deplete a,common,stock of natural resources with no private property rights. I obtain a feedback Nash equilibrium to the dynamic common-pool problem and obtain political variants of the Hotelling depletion rule and the Hartwick saving rule. Resource prices and depletion occur too fast, so substitution away from resources to capital occurs too fast and the saving rate is too high. The power struggle boosts output, but depresses sustainable consumption. Genuine saving is nevertheless zero in a fractionalized society. World Bank estimates may be too optimistic. [source] CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS RESEARCH: A RESOURCE FOR COUPLE AND FAMILY THERAPISTSJOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY, Issue 1 2004Susan S. Hendrick This article describes the relatively new field of close relationships research, offering a representative list of topics studied by relationships reseachers. Some of the common interests shared by both close relationships reseachers and couple and family therapists are described, with theshared emphasis on relationships as an anchor for both fields. Some representative love theories are discussed, and Love Styles theory and research are presented in considerable detail. A clinicalcase example indicates how love styles research may be employed to advantage by couple therapists, and the utility of other close relationships theories and measures for therapy is briefly discussed. [source] PHYLOGENETIC SELECTION OF A RESOURCE: A NEW USE FOR CLADISTICSJOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY, Issue 2000K. M. Dreckmann A phylogenetic model for the selection of commercial resources using the cladistic method is proposed. The group selected as an example was the marine agarophyte red algal genus Gracilaria Greville. We suggest the use of the cladistic principle of evolutionary transformational series in order to test the quality of agars instead of the assay-herror traditional method that consumes time and budget. If we asume that the "good quality of agar" in extant taxa is a sinapomorphic character (but not a reliable taxonomic one), then taxa included in the same monophiletic clade in which the species with "good quality of agar" are, has a high evolutionary posibility to share that character. In order to do this we have to incorporate to the set of available specific characters, those of the taxa actually used as a agar source but not present in the area under scope. A complete set of the basic cladistic data required for run the most popular program currently in use (PAUP) are provided. We applied the model to the Mexican Atlantic species and found that, using Gracilaria chilensis and G. cornea as "indicator taxa," and found Mexican populations of G. crassissima, G. caudata, G. cervicornis and Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis are candidates for a study of yield and agar properties. [source] LEARNING BY DOING IN THE PRESENCE OF AN OPEN ACCESS RENEWABLE RESOURCE: IS GROWTH SUSTAINABLE?NATURAL RESOURCE MODELING, Issue 1 2005CAROL McAUSLAND ABSTRACT. We examine the relationship between growth, resource abundance and trade when the natural resource is renewable and open access and there is inter-industry learning by doing. We find growth is not sustainable in the closed economy and can be sustained in the open economy only so long as the labor forced engaged in resource extraction shrinks over time. Comparisons of steady state welfare in autarky and free trade reveal that for very high or low world prices of the resource-based good, it is possible for the economy to gain from trade. However if the price is intermediate, it may instead lose. [source] DEVELOPING A CARDIAC REHABILITATION EDUCATION RESOURCE FOR RURAL HEALTH WORKERS IN QUEENSLAND: REVIEWING THE PROCESS AND OUTCOMESAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH, Issue 1 2002Elizabeth Parker ABSTRACT: The provision of cardiac rehabilitation services to people living in rural and remote areas is often limited to the nearest large hospital situated in urban coastal centres, leaving a gap in the rehabilitation of cardiac patients. This paper discusses the development, composition and the results of a process evaluation of a cardiac rehabilitation education resource for rural health workers. The development of the structure and content of the manual were informed by a review of current rehabilitation literature, the results of focus groups with 60 rural health workers in five Queensland rural centres, and survey results of 135 rural cardiac patients admitted to five Queensland hospitals. The draft manual was trialled by health workers in seven rural centres throughout Queensland by the National Heart Foundation (Queensland Division). The results of the process evaluation provided valuable feedback on the efficacy of the manual as an educational resource for rural health workers in the cardiac rehabilitation of their patients. Specific content in the educational resource was strengthened as a result of this evaluation. The limitations of the evaluation and suggestions for its improvement are also discussed. The paper highlights the importance of this level of evaluation in the development of health promotion education resources. [source] CENTRALIZED AND DECENTRALIZED MANAGEMENT OF LOCAL COMMON POOL RESOURCES IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM FISHING COMMUNITIES IN COLOMBIAECONOMIC INQUIRY, Issue 2 2010MARIA ALEJANDRA VELEZ This article uses experimental data to test for a complementary relationship between formal regulations imposed on a community to conserve a local natural resource and nonbinding verbal agreements to do the same. Our experiments were conducted in the field in three regions of Colombia. Our results suggest that the hypothesis of a complementary relationship between communication and external regulation is supported for some combinations of regions and regulations but cannot be supported in general. We conclude that the determination of whether formal regulations and informal communication are complementary must be made on a community-by-community basis. (JEL C93, H41, Q20, Q28) [source] OUTSOURCING AND UNIONIZATION: A TALE OF MISALLOCATED (RESISTANCE) RESOURCESECONOMIC INQUIRY, Issue 2 2010ELISABETTA MAGNANI While many believe the growth in outsourcing contributed to the decline in U.S. unionization up to the 1990s, this argument has never been investigated systematically. In this article, we analyze the effect of outsourcing on unionization between 1973 and 1993. Instrumental variables estimation shows outsourcing contributes to higher quasirents and industry productivity. We find the union wage premium increases with the extent of outsourcing,both for workers that are substitutable by outsourcing services and workers in jobs that are not substitutes of the tasks being outsourced. Finally, we find no support for the claim that outsourcing reduces unionization. (JEL J5, L2, L6) [source] PLASTICITY TO LIGHT CUES AND RESOURCES IN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA: TESTING FOR ADAPTIVE VALUE AND COSTSEVOLUTION, Issue 6 2000Lisa A. Dorn Abstract Plants shaded by neighbors or overhead foliage experience both a reduction in the ratio of red to far red light (R:FR), a specific cue perceived by phytochrome, and reduced photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), an essential resource. We tested the adaptive value of plasticity to crowding and to the cue and resource components of foliage shade in the annual plant Arabidopsis thaliana by exposing 36 inbred families from four natural populations to four experimental treatments: (1) high density, full sun; (2) low density, full sun; (3) low density, neutral shade; and (4) low density, low R:FR-simulated foliage shade. Genotypic selection analysis within each treatment revealed strong environmental differences in selection on plastic life-history traits. We used specific contrasts to measure plasticity to density and foliage shade, to partition responses to foliage shade into phytochrome-mediated responses to the R:FR cue and responses to PAR, and to test whether plasticity was adaptive (i.e., in the same direction as selection in each environment). Contrary to expectation, we found no evidence for adaptive plasticity to density. However, we observed both adaptive and maladaptive responses to foliage shade. In general, phytochrome-mediated plasticity to the R:FR cue of foliage shade was adaptive and counteracted maladaptive growth responses to reduced PAR. These results support the prediction that active developmental responses to environmental cues are more likely to be adaptive than are passive resource-mediated responses. Multiple regression analysis detected a few costs of adaptive plasticity and adaptive homeostasis, but such costs were infrequent and their expression depended on the environment. Thus, costs of plasticity may occasionally constrain the evolution of adaptive responses to foliage shade in Arabidopsis, but this constraint may differ among environments and is far from ubiquitous. [source] ASSESSING GLOBAL POVERTY AND INEQUALITY: INCOME, RESOURCES, AND CAPABILITIESMETAPHILOSOPHY, Issue 1-2 2005Ingrid Robeyns Abstract: Are global poverty and inequality on the rise or are they declining? And is the quality of life of the world's poorest people getting worse or better? These questions are often given conflicting answers by economists, the World Bank, and social activists. One reason for this is that assessments of quality of life can be made in terms of people's income, their resources, or their functionings and capabilities. This essay discusses the pros and cons of these evaluative approaches, and it argues that all approaches have complementary strengths and should therefore in principle all be considered. Moreover, being aware that assessments of poverty and inequality can be made using these different frameworks helps us to understand the conflicting claims. [source] PERMANENT GENETIC RESOURCES: Fifteen polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci from Hawaii's Metrosideros polymorpha (Myrtaceae: Myrtales), a model species for ecology and evolutionMOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES, Issue 2 2008NICHOLAS G. CRAWFORD Abstract We developed 15 polymorphic microsatellite loci from the Hawaiian tree Metrosideros polymorpha. These loci were screened against two varieties from several populations and from 23 individuals from one mid-elevation population on Hawaii Island. Loci were variable with the number of alleles per locus ranging from three to 24. Polymorphic information content ranged from 0.222 to 0.941, and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.261 to 0.955. [source] PERMANENT GENETIC RESOURCES: Development of polymorphic microsatellite loci for the endangered Topeka shiner, Notropis topekaMOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES, Issue 2 2008CYNTHIA M. ANDERSON Abstract We have developed a set of eight polymorphic microsatellite markers for the endangered Topeka shiner, Notropis topeka. Allelic diversity at each of these loci was assessed in a single isolated population from eastern South Dakota, USA. The allelic diversity ranged from four to 15 alleles. These are the first microsatellite markers to be reported for this species. These markers are being used in a more thorough study of the population structure throughout the remaining range of this species. [source] PERMANENT GENETIC RESOURCES: Development and characterization of 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the endangered tree Euptelea pleiospermum (Eupteleaceae)MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES, Issue 2 2008J. ZHANG Abstract Fourteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed and characterized for the endangered and tertiary relict tree, Euptelea pleiospermum. A genomic DNA enrichment protocol was used to isolate microsatellite loci and polymorphism was explored using 32 individuals from one natural population. The observed number of alleles ranged from two to nine. The ranges of observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.25,1.00 and 0.22,0.85, respectively. These microsatellite markers provide powerful tools for the ongoing conservation genetic studies of E. pleiospermum. [source] PERMANENT GENETIC RESOURCES: Characterization of eight microsatellite loci in the woolly mouse opossum, Micoureus paraguayanus, isolated from Micoureus demeraraeMOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES, Issue 2 2008I. M. G. DIAS Abstract Eight novel microsatellite markers were isolated from the woolly mouse opossum from the Amazon Forest in Peru, Micoureus demerarae, using a partial genomic DNA library and an enrichment protocol. These loci were polymorphic in M. demerarae and Micoureus paraguayanus populations from the Atlantic Forest in Brazil with the number of alleles ranging from two to 23. Those eight loci plus another five already described for M. paraguayanus will allow for the evaluation of genetic diversity of populations from the ,Rio Doce' Park, one of the last Atlantic Forest fragments in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. [source] PERMANENT GENETIC RESOURCES: Development of microsatellite markers for two nonviviparous mangrove species, Acanthus ilicifolius and Lumnitzera racemosaMOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES, Issue 2 2008Q. F. GENG Abstract Eight and nine of microsatellite loci were isolated from two nonviviparous mangrove species, Acanthus ilicifolius and Lumnitzera racemosa, respectively. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to eight in A. ilicifolius and two to nine in L. racemosa. The observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.200 to 0.875 in A. ilicifolius and from 0.025 to 0.350 in L. racemosa. These loci would be effective for analysing genetic diversity and population genetic structure of these two mangrove species. [source] PERMANENT GENETIC RESOURCES: Isolation and characterization of microsatellite DNA loci from the southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigmaMOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES, Issue 2 2008C. W. SHAO Abstract Paucity of polymorphic molecular markers in southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) has been a major limitation in genetic improvement of this important economic fish. Hence, we constructed a repeat-enriched genomic library from P. lethostigma. A total of 39 new microsatellites were identified, for which 33 primer pairs were designed. After validating and scoring, 10 of these loci were polymorphic in a test population with the range of alleles from two to nine per locus. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.2500 to 0.9000 and from 0.4469 to 0.8514, respectively. These polymorphic microsatellites will be useful for genetic diversity analysis and linkage map construction for P. lethostigma. [source] PERMANENT GENETIC RESOURCES: Isolation and characterization of 12 microsatellite markers in the middle-spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos medius)MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES, Issue 2 2008M. VILA Abstract Twelve polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for Dendrocopos medius. Polymorphism was assessed for 27 individuals from the southwesternmost population of this woodpecker species. The number of alleles per locus ranged from three to seven, with observed heterozygosity values from 0.444 to 0.852. Genotypic frequencies conformed to Hardy,Weinberg equilibrium, and no evidence for linkage disequilibrium was observed. Multilocus genotypes resulting from this set of markers will be useful to determine genetic diversity and differentiation within and among habitat patches inhabited by D. medius. Three of the loci were polymorphic for Picoides articus. [source] PERMANENT GENETIC RESOURCES: Microsatellite markers for the threatened Bliss Rapids snail (Taylorconcha serpenticola) and cross-amplification in its congener, T. insperataMOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES, Issue 2 2008H. -P. Abstract We developed and tested microsatellite markers to investigate population structure of a threatened North American freshwater gastropod, Taylorconcha serpenticola. Of the 21 primer pairs that were evaluated, 11 were readily optimized and scored, providing amplification of 12 loci that were screened for 820 specimens from 29 populations. The number of alleles across 11 of these polymorphic loci ranged from three to 20 and the observed heterozygosity varied from 0.0061 to 0.7561. All loci yielded suitable amplification products in the second species of Taylorconcha (T. insperata) and three proved to be diagnostic for these congeners, demonstrating that these markers are also useful for species identification studies. [source] PERMANENT GENETIC RESOURCES: Identification and characterization of 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the argasid tick Ornithodoros coriaceusMOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES, Issue 2 2008VERONICA S. KIRCHOFF Abstract Fourteen polymorphic microsatellite loci (di, tetra and di-tetra complexes) were developed for the argasid tick Ornithodoros coriaceus. Polymorphism was assessed for 56 individuals from two populations separated by ~95 km. All loci were polymorphic (X = 7, range 3,17 alleles). All loci were in Hardy,Weinberg equilibrium except for one locus (OrC 8) in a single population (P < 0.00119, after Bonferroni correction for multiple tests). [source] PERMANENT GENETIC RESOURCES: Development of microsatellite markers for the ecosystem bioengineer mussel Perumytilus purpuratus and cross-priming testing in six Mytilinae generaMOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES, Issue 2 2008M. PÉREZ Abstract Eight microsatellite markers have been characterized from the Perumytilus purpuratus genome. Their gene diversity ranged from 0.057 to 0.873 and significant interpopulation genic heterogeneity was observed between two populations of southeastern Pacific (Chile) and southwestern Atlantic (Argentine). Distinct cross-priming amplification rates were recovered on nine additional species belonging to six Mytilinae genera. The microsatellites developed herein would likely be a powerful intraspecific genetic tool to undertake fine population studies in the intertidal ecosystem bioengineer P. purpuratus along the South American shoreline. [source] RANDOM PENALTIES AND RENEWABLE RESOURCES: A MECHANISM TO REACH OPTIMAL LANDINGS IN FISHERIESNATURAL RESOURCE MODELING, Issue 3 2009FRANK JENSEN Abstract Recent literature considers illegal landings a moral hazard problem that arises because individual landings are unobservable. The literature proposes incentive schemes to solve the information problem. However, most of the proposed schemes raise huge information requirements and social budget balance is not secured. In this paper, we suggest a random penalty mechanism that reduces the information requirements and secures budget balance in the case of a given number of licensed vessels. In the random penalty mechanism, aggregate landings are measured through stock sizes and the natural growth function. If aggregate landings are below optimal landings, each fisherman receives a subsidy. If aggregate catches are above optimal landings, the mechanism works such that either the fisherman is randomly selected and pays a fine or the fisherman is not selected and receives a subsidy. The fine and subsidy can be designed such that budget balance is secured. Provided risk aversion is sufficiently large and the fine is high enough, the random penalty mechanism will generate optimal individual landings. The budget balance combined with risk aversion drives the result for this advanced tax/subsidy system that does not exhaust the resource rents. The budget balance creates interdependence between fishermen that secure optimality. [source] SUSTAINABLE CONSTANT CONSUMPTION IN A SEMI-OPEN ECONOMY WITH EXHAUSTIBLE RESOURCES,THE JAPANESE ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 2 2007RYUHEI OKUMURA To sustain constant consumption, Hartwick's rule prescribes reinvesting all resource rents in reproducible capital. However, Hartwick's rule is not necessarily the result of optimization. In this paper, we address this insufficiency by deriving a constant consumption path endogenously in a semi-open economy with an exhaustible resource, which has full access to world goods and capital markets, while the resource flows are not internationally tradable. Our findings show that, due to the essentiality of both capital and resource to the production process, the economy transforms its domestic assets into foreign ones, consuming a constant interest flow from the latter. [source] DISPARATE POWER AND DISPARATE RESOURCES: COLLABORATION BETWEEN FAITH-BASED AND ACTIVIST ORGANIZATIONS FOR CENTRAL FLORIDA FARMWORKERSANNALS OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL PRACTICE, Issue 1 2010Nolan Kline This article highlights the collaboration between an evangelical faith-based organization and secular activist organization to address the oral health needs of African American former farmworkers in Central Florida. Highlighting the FBO's evangelistic agenda, I discuss one FBO as a charitable health care provider filling a service gap within the broader health care system. In addition, I discuss the organizations' different levels of access to powerful agents of change, and the role of the anthropologist as an intermediary between the FBO and secular organization. This article first details the health concerns of the former farmworker population in Central Florida as they relate to farm labor and living in an environmentally harmful area. It then sheds light on systematic health care constraints in the United States that necessitate intervention from faith-based organizations and secular activist organizations. Last, this article provides a case study of how an anthropologist, acting as an intermediary to connect a faith-based group with an activist group, helped address one specific health need for former migrant farmworkers. [source] REDUCING TIME TO URGENT SURGERY BY TRANSPORTING RESOURCES TO THE TRAUMA PATIENTANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 4 2007Morgan P. McMonagle Background: Time to definitive trauma care directly influences patient survival. Patient transport (retrieval) services are essential for the transportation of remotely located trauma patients to a major trauma centre. Trauma surgical expertise can potentially be combined with the usual retrieval response (surgically supported response) and delivered to the patient before patient transportation. We identified the frequency and circumstances of such surgically supported retrievals. Methods: Retrospective review of trauma patients transported by the NRMA CareFlight, New South Wales Medical Retrieval Service, Australia, from 1999 to 2003, identifying patients who had a surgically supported retrieval response and an urgent surgical procedure carried out before patient transportation to an major trauma centre. Results: Seven hundred and forty-nine trauma interhospital patient transfers were identified of which 511 (68%) were categorized as urgent and 64% of which were rural based. Three (0.4%) patients had a surgically supported retrieval response and had an urgent surgical procedure carried out before patient transportation. All patients benefited from that early surgical intervention. Conclusion: A surgically supported retrieval response allows for the more timely delivery of urgent surgical care. Patients can potentially benefit from such a response. There are, however, important operational considerations in providing a surgically supported retrieval response. [source] CLAY RESOURCES AND TECHNICAL CHOICES FOR NEOLITHIC POTTERY (CHALAIN, JURA, FRANCE): CHEMICAL, MINERALOGICAL AND GRAIN-SIZE ANALYSES*ARCHAEOMETRY, Issue 1 2007R. MARTINEAU Many authors have considered pottery manufacturing constraints and sociocultural elements as factors in change in past civilizations over time. The main issue of this research is to better understand the reasons for changes, or choices, in pottery raw materials. The very precise and detailed stratigraphy and cultural succession of occupations is based on dendrochronological data from the lake-dwelling sites of Chalain (Jura, France). Petrographic, palaeontological and chemical analyses were used to determine the nature and origins of the raw materials used by the Neolithic potters. Stratigraphy and dendrochronological data were used to reconstruct in detail the evolution dynamics of fabric changes. Several raw material sources were identified for many of the pottery groups. Each of them was sampled for qualitative experimental tests of pottery forming. The experimental results show a high variability between the sediments tested. This variability was quantitatively estimated by XRF, XRD, the Rietveld method, calcium carbonate quantification and laser grain-size analyses of matrices, indirect measures of plasticity. These analytical results allow a better understanding of the differences observed in the experimental tests. On the basis of these experimental and analytical results, changing parameters such as pottery manufacturing constraints, mineralogical characteristics of raw materials and sociocultural factors are considered. In conclusion, all the social and technical parameters, in each archaeological context, must be taken into account for a better understanding of the changes occurring throughout the chronological sequence. [source] LITHIC RESOURCES IN THE EARLY PREHISTORY OF THE ALPS*ARCHAEOMETRY, Issue 2 2005PH. DELLA CASA Rocks, which are ubiquitous in archaeological sites as chipped or polished tools, were important factors in the prehistoric Alpine economic system. Archaeometric characterization and identification of source areas open the path to a more detailed understanding of the production and diffusion mechanisms behind Alpine lithic industries. An overview of the situation from the eastern to the western Alps in the Mesolithic, the Neolithic and the Copper Age illustrates current debates and issues. [source] Celebrating Design as a Corporate ResourceDESIGN MANAGEMENT REVIEW, Issue 2 2006Thomas Walton PhD Editor First page of article [source] Contrasting Entrepreneurial Economic Development in Emerging Latin American Economies: Applications and Extensions of Resource-Based TheoryENTREPRENEURSHIP THEORY AND PRACTICE, Issue 1 2008G. Page West III Emerging economies face daunting economic development challenges. Economists and management consultants have generally suggested global solutions that typically focus solely on foreign direct investment. Yet a resource-based theory approach offers an alternative view of economic development in which a foundation of resources within a region gestates entrepreneurial activity. While theoretically appealing, it is unclear in application how such resources can be developed or which types of resources are most important to develop. This paper extends the application of resource-based theory to entrepreneurial economic development in subsistence economies. A qualitative study of contrasting entrepreneurial activity in Chiapas (Mexico) and Atenas (Costa Rica) highlights the primacy of intangible resources,and especially entrepreneurial orientation resources,in the gestation of entrepreneurial activity. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||