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Research Survey (research + survey)
Selected AbstractsDetermining Critical Incident Nursing Interventions for the Critical Care Setting: A Pilot StudyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING TERMINOLOGIES AND CLASSIFICATION, Issue 3 2009Elizabeth Wong CRNA PURPOSE., The purpose of this research survey was to determine which Adult Critical Care Core Nursing Interventions (ACCCNIs) in the Nursing Interventions Classification constitutes a critical incident nursing intervention (CINI). A CINI is defined as any indirect or direct care registered nurse (RN)-initiated treatment performed in response to a life-threatening nursing diagnosis. METHODS., A list of ACCCNIs were sent to 50 critical care RNs in two survey rounds. Responses >80% for each ACCCNI was determined to be a CINI. FINDINGS., Forty-one ACCCNIs were determined to be CINIs. CONCLUSIONS., It is recommended that CINIs be included as a separate Nursing Intervention Classification category to reflect current nursing practice. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE., CINIs can enhance RN competency, education, and vigilance, thereby preventing or decreasing the number of deaths that occur from critical incidents. [source] Who joins a preventive intervention?JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 4 2001How risk status predicts enrollment The objective of this study was to identify social, psychological, and health-related variables that predict mothers' refusals to join a prevention program for families of children with chronic illnesses. A two-step recruitment process was used with 193 families of children with chronic illnesses. First, families were recruited for a longitudinal research survey. Then, mothers were given the opportunity to randomly receive one of two programs. Mothers who refused the opportunity to participate in either program continued in the research project. Data were collected through structured interviews at baseline and 12 months later. Compared to mothers who agreed to participate in one of the programs, those who refused reported more confidence, more support, and less depression and higher functional status and better adjustment in their child. Mothers who agree to participate in a longitudinal research effort but refuse to participate in an intervention program are likely to be functioning well, and may perceive no need for a program designed to prevent mental health problems. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [source] Software visualization in software maintenance, reverse engineering, and re-engineering: a research surveyJOURNAL OF SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE AND EVOLUTION: RESEARCH AND PRACTICE, Issue 2 2003Rainer Koschke Abstract Software visualization is concerned with the static visualization as well as the animation of software artifacts, such as source code, executable programs, and the data they manipulate, and their attributes, such as size, complexity, or dependencies. Software visualization techniques are widely used in the areas of software maintenance, reverse engineering, and re-engineering, where typically large amounts of complex data need to be understood and a high degree of interaction between software engineers and automatic analyses is required. This paper reports the results of a survey on the perspectives of 82 researchers in software maintenance, reverse engineering, and re-engineering on software visualization. It describes to which degree the researchers are involved in software visualization themselves, what is visualized and how, whether animation is frequently used, whether the researchers believe animation is useful at all, which automatic graph layouts are used if at all, whether the layout algorithms have deficiencies, and,last but not least,where the medium-term and long-term research in software visualization should be directed. The results of this survey help to ascertain the current role of software visualization in software engineering from the perspective of researchers in these domains and give hints on future research avenues. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The Consent and Prescription Compliance (COPRECO) Study: Does Obtaining Consent in the Emergency Department Affect Study Results in a Telephone Follow-up Study of Medication Compliance?ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 10 2008CCFP(EM), Samuel G. Campbell MB BCh Abstract Objectives:, The objectives were to determine whether mandated research requirements for consent in the emergency department (ED) falsely distorts the results of a survey of patient-reported compliance with ED prescriptions and, in addition, to ascertain the level of patient compliance to medication instructions and find out the degree of displeasure expressed by patients called without prior consent. Methods:, Patients given new prescriptions for a medicine to be taken regularly over a period of less than 30 days were eligible. A convenience sample of eligible patients was randomized to having consent obtained during their ED visit or at the time of telephone follow-up. Patients were called 7,10 days after their ED visit to determine their compliance with the prescription. Compliance rates between the two groups were compared, as was the prevalence of displeasure expressed by patients called without prior consent. Results:, Of 430 enrolled patients, 221 were randomized to receive ED consent for telephone follow-up, and 209 received telephone follow-up without prior ED consent. Telephone follow-up was successful in 318 patients (74%). The rate of noncompliance was slightly higher in the group without ED consent, 74/149 (50%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 41% to 58%) than the group who gave ED consent for telephone follow-up, 67/169 (40%; 95% CI = 32% to 42%; p = 0.07). Among the two groups, 141/318 (44%) did not fill the prescription (n = 42) or took it incorrectly (n = 99). Only 1 (0.7%) of the 149 patients with successful telephone follow-up without prior ED consent expressed displeasure at this telephone call. Conclusions:, Medicine noncompliance is a significant issue for patients discharged from the ED in this study. Although there was a trend toward greater compliance in patients who consented to the follow-up call, this did not reach statistical significance. ED patients do not object to receiving telephone follow-up for a research survey without giving prior consent. [source] Determining prey distribution patterns from stomach-contents of satellite-tracked high-predators of the Southern OceanECOGRAPHY, Issue 2 2006J. C. Xavier The distribution of many cephalopod, crustacean and fish species in the Southern Ocean, and adjacent waters, is poorly known, particularly during times of the year when research surveys are rare. Analysing the stomach samples of satellite-tracked higher predators has been advocated as a potential method by which such gaps in knowledge can be filled. We examined the viability of this approach through monitoring wandering albatrosses Diomedea exulans at their colony on Bird Island, South Georgia (54°S, 38°W) over the winters (May,July) of 1999 and 2000. At this time, these birds foraged in up to three different water-masses, the Antarctic zone (AZ), the sub-Antarctic zone (SAZ) and the sub-Tropical zone (STZ), which we defined by contemporaneous satellite images of sea surface temperature. A probabilistic model was applied to the tracking and diet data collected from 38 birds to construct a large-scale map of where various prey were captured. Robustness/sensitivity analyses were used to test model assumptions on the time spent foraging and relative catch efficiencies and to evaluate potential biases associated with the model. We were able to predict the distributions of a wide number of cephalopod, crustacean of fish species. We also discovered some of the limitations to using this type of data and proposed ways to rectify these problems. [source] Mesoscale eddies and survival of late stage Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) larvaeFISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY, Issue 1 2001Elizabeth A. Logerwell We examined the distribution of sardine larvae relative to environmental conditions with the purpose of identifying and characterizing habitat that encourages high larval growth and survival, based on the 1983,1998 surveys of the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI). Long-term averages show that sardine ,survivors' (spatially aggregated larvae , 18 days old) were most abundant offshore, whereas sardine egg density, chlorophyll biomass and zooplankton volume were greatest inshore. In contrast, mesoscale eddies, observed in remotely sensed sea surface temperature imagery, were found only in offshore regions. To further examine the link between eddies , which often result in locally elevated chlorophyll and zooplankton , and sardine survival, we compared the distribution of larvae and eddies survey by survey. Sardine survivors were most abundant offshore in only one-quarter of the research surveys, and when they were most abundant offshore they were associated with eddies. This indicates that the offshore eddy habitat produced exceptionally large numbers of survivors, as evidenced by the disproportionate effect on the long-term average. [source] Aspects of the population biology of Cephalopholis fulva from the central coast of BrazilJOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY, Issue 3 2009J. N. Araújo Summary Age and size composition samples of Cephalopholis fulva from the central coast of Brazil were collected from research surveys and from line fishery landings between 1997 and 1999. The samples suggest that the submarine banks located further offshore are characterized by having fish larger than those caught in the continental shelf area. Although the oldest specimens were caught in the continental shelf area, only 34.6% of the specimens were older than 10 years as compared to 51.4% in the submarine banks. The observed size and age differences seem to be related to the lower fishing pressure on the submarine banks, although size composition bias resulting from different sampling procedures and different catchability between sites cannot be excluded. A resampling scheme was used to overcome the influences of size composition bias and to generate a three-dimensional plot of parameters as a means to compare the growth between the submarine banks and the continental shelf area; this plot showed no overlap between growth patterns of the two sites. The natural mortality (M) estimate based on the oldest specimen observed was 0.17 year,1. Total mortality (Z) estimated from catch-curve analyses using samples from both areas varied from 0.24 to 0.34 year,1, depending on the age range used. With this level of mortality, the C. fulva stock in the central coast area of Brazil was close to or already at the level of overexploitation in the late 1990s. [source] | |||||||||||||