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Renal Obstruction (renal + obstruction)
Selected AbstractsCURRENT OPINION AMONGST RADIOLOGISTS AND UROLOGISTS IN THE UK ON PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROSTOMY AND URETERIC STENT INSERTION FOR ACUTE RENAL OBSTRUCTION: RESULTS OF A POSTAL SURVEYBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 6 2007Deen P Sharma No abstract is available for this article. [source] Doppler sonography in the diagnosis of urinary tract obstruction by stoneJOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND, Issue 6 2004Nevbahar Akçar MD Abstract Purpose This study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of Doppler sonography in renal colic due to obstruction and to assess whether the resistance index (RI) and interrenal RI difference (,RI) are time-dependent parameters. Subjects and Methods Obstructed and unobstructed contralateral kidneys in 28 patients with renal colic and normal kidneys in 27 control subjects were prospectively evaluated with Doppler sonography. Mean RI, mean ,RI, and duration of pain were evaluated. Statistical analysis was done using paired and independent t-tests. Results Mean RIs of the control-group, obstructed, and contralateral kidneys were 0.60, 0.71, and 0.61, respectively; mean ,RI values of the obstructed and control-group kidneys were 0.10 and 0.03, respectively. Differences in mean RI between obstructed and contralateral or control-group kidneys were statistically significant (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in ,RI between patients and controls (p < 0.001). The difference between the RI values of kidneys with low-grade (0.70) and high-grade obstructions (0.72) was not statistically significant. The difference between the ,RI values of kidneys with low-grade (0.08) and high-grade obstructions (0.13) was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Differences in the mean RI and mean ,RI values between 3 groups of patients categorized according to the duration of pain were not statistically significant. Conclusions Along with gray-scale sonography and intravenous urography, Doppler sonography can be used in the evaluation of renal obstruction. RI and ,RI are not time-dependent parameters. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 32:286,293, 2004 [source] Renal sonography in the diagnosis of renal obstruction or hydronephrosis in patients with cervical cancerJOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND, Issue 7 2002Verna Vanderpuye MBCHB Abstract Purpose The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the role of renal sonography and its use as an alternative to intravenous urography in detecting ureteral obstruction or hydronephrosis in patients with cervical cancer. Materials and Methods Patients with biopsy-confirmed carcinoma of the cervix who were referred to the radiotherapy center from February 6, 2001, through July 20, 2001, were enrolled in this trial. All patients had previously undergone clinical staging by physical examination and either intravenous urography or CT scanning as the standard tests for diagnosing ureteral obstruction or hydronephrosis. All patients underwent renal sonography as an alternative diagnostic tool for diagnosing ureteral obstruction or hydronephrosis. Results Forty patients were enrolled. Their mean age was 46 years (range, 26,65 years). According to the FIGO staging system, 12% of the patients had clinical stages 1B2 and 2A disease, 20% had stage 2B, 8% had stage 3A, 50% had stage 3B, and 10% had a postoperative recurrence of cervical cancer. Thirty-four patients had had intravenous urography and 6 had had CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and overall accuracy rates for renal sonography were 76.5% (13/17), 100% (23/23), 100% (13/13), 85% (23/27), and 90% (36/40), respectively. Seventy-five percent (3/4) of the false-negative results occurred in patients with pelvic sidewall thickening on physical examination. Conclusions Renal sonography may be used as an effective and relatively low-cost means of diagnosing ureteral obstruction in patients with cervical cancer without clinically evident pelvic sidewall thickening. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:424,427, 2002 [source] Modified ureterosigmoidostomy (Mainz Pouch II): a nonrefluxing stented vs unstented laparoscopic porcine modelBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2008Mitchell R. Humphreys OBJECTIVE To describe a rapid and reproducible pure laparoscopic cystectomy and nonrefluxing modified continent urinary diversion (Mainz Pouch II), and to determine whether ureteric stenting decreases ureteric obstruction after surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS After institutional review and approval, six female pigs (51,55 kg) had a laparoscopic cystectomy and urinary diversion using a modified Mainz Pouch II. Imbricating bowel over the extra-intestinal ureteric segment created the nonrefluxing mechanism. All pigs had the same bowel preparation before a standard four-port transperitoneal laparoscopic procedure, but three pigs received bilateral J ureteric stents and three did not. Body weights, radiographic imaging, serum electrolytes and renal function were monitored during the 6-week survival period. RESULTS One stented pig developed bilateral pyelonephritis, renal obstruction and was killed. Including this pig, four of 12 renal units were obstructed, occurring more often in the stented pigs. There were no significant differences between the serum electrolytes before and after surgery or between the stented or unstented pigs. The surgery was quicker as experience increased. No pig developed hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis. The nonrefluxing modification appeared to be effective, as reflux was only present in one renal unit. CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic ureterosigmoidostomy, specifically the modified Mainz Pouch II, represents a viable and reasonable continent urinary diversion. The results suggest that there was no benefit in stenting in this pig model. [source] | ||||||||||