Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Remaining Specimens (remaining + specimen)
Selected AbstractsAnalysis and interpretation of flint toolmarks found on bones from West Tump long barrow, GloucestershireINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 1 2004M. J. Smith Abstract West Tump is a Neolithic chambered tomb originally excavated in 1880. The mound was found to contain a mixed skeletal assemblage, the majority of which was disarticulated. Between 2000 and 2001 material from the site including human bone was re-examined with a portion of this project focused on taphonomic evidence observed on the human skeletal material. Amongst the factors selected for investigation were deliberate toolmarks. Three specimens were identified as exhibiting toolmarks. Analysis demonstrated that the observed features were cutmarks, consistent with the use of flint tools. However those on two of the specimens were found to be both post-mortem and recent. The cutmarks observed on the remaining specimen, a right clavicle, were identified as having been inflicted during the peri-mortem period and consistent with decapitation. British Neolithic mortuary practice has been the subject of ongoing debate since the earliest excavations of relevant sites, but until very recently few assemblages from such contexts have been re-examined and much of the data in use has derived from sources of considerable age and questionable reliability. The selective removal of specific skeletal elements (particularly skulls) has repeatedly been described in the literature regarding the collective funerary monuments of this period. It has often been assumed that such practices took place after the soft tissues had decayed. One of the examples discussed, suggests this may not always have been the case and the potential significance of this finding is discussed in addition to a possible interpretation of the cutmarks seen on the remaining specimens. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Glacial survival or late glacial colonization?JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY, Issue 12 2006Phylogeography of the root vole (Microtus oeconomus) in north-west Norway Abstract Aim, It has been proposed that the root vole subspecies, Microtus oeconomus finmarchicus, survived the last glacial period on islands on the north-west coast of Norway. The Norwegian island of Andøya may have constituted the only site with permanent ice-free conditions. Geological surveys and fossil finds from Andøya demonstrate that survival throughout the last glacial maximum was probably possible for some plants and animals. In this study we aim to infer the recent evolutionary history of Norwegian root vole populations and to evaluate the glacial survival hypothesis. Methods, DNA sequence variation in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene was studied in 46 root voles from 19 localities. Location, Northern Fennoscandia and north-west Russia with a focus on islands on the north-west coast of Norway. Results The phylogeographical analyses revealed two North European phylogroups labelled ,Andøya' and ,Fennoscandia'. The Andøya phylogroup contained root voles from the Norwegian islands of Andøya, Ringvassøya and Reinøya and two localities in north-west Russia. The Fennoscandian phylogroup encompassed root voles from the three Norwegian islands of Kvaløya, Håkøya and Arnøya and the remaining specimens from Norway, northern Sweden and Finland. Nucleotide diversity within the Andøya and Fennoscandian phylogroups was similar, ranging from 0.5% to 0.7%. Main conclusions Both our genetic data and previously published morphological data are consistent with in situ glacial survival of root voles on Andøya during the last glacial maximum. However, the level of genetic diversity observed in the extant island populations, the past periods of severe climatic conditions on Andøya and the ecology of the root vole are somewhat difficult to reconcile with this model. A biogeographical scenario involving late glacial recolonization along the northern coasts of Russia and Norway therefore represents a viable alternative. Our results demonstrate that complex recolonization and extinction histories can generate intricate phylogeographical patterns and relatively high levels of genetic variation in northern populations. [source] Fading of the last giants: an assessment of habitat availability of the Sunda gharial Tomistoma schlegelii and coverage with protected areasAQUATIC CONSERVATION: MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS, Issue 6 2010Dennis Rödder Abstract 1.The Sunda gharial Tomistoma schlegelii is, with 2500,3000 remaining specimens, one of the least studied and at the same time most endangered crocodile species. Inhabiting peat swamps in Southeast Asia, threats affecting the species are mainly associated with habitat loss and illegal hunting. 2.The effectiveness of the existing reserve network in Southeast Asia for the protection of the Sunda garial was assessed by combining spatially explicit habitat analyses derived from land cover information with species distribution modelling. Subsequently, possible improvements of the existing reserve network are derived from the habitat availability analyses. 3.The results of the spatially explicit analyses indicate that suitable habitats for the Sunda gharial in Southeast Asia, i.e. peat swamps and riverine forests, are highly fragmented. Spatial coverage of remaining habitats with protected areas fulfilling IUCN standards generally varies among regions and is best in Indonesia. However, large, currently unprotected suitable areas remain in Sumatra. Establishment of 10 additional, already proposed reserves may improve the protection of major parts of the remaining suitable habitats of the Sunda gharial. 4.According to the results of this study, the reserve network protecting this species could be significantly improved by expanding it to include seven national reserves not currently listed by the IUCN and an additional 10 reserves that have recently been proposed. Improvements and extensions of the existing reserve networks in Southeast Asia are pivotal to guarantee the long-term survival of the Sunda gharial. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Gross anatomy of the interphalangeal joint of the great toe: Implications for excision of plantar capsular accessory ossiclesCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 4 2005M.B. Davies Abstract Bony or cartilaginous ossicles occur at the plantar aspect of the interphalangeal joint of the great toe. The variation in pattern, prevalence, and anatomic relationships of these structures is not clearly established in the literature, especially in a Caucasian population. Without this knowledge, pathology at this joint may be underestimated and surgical approaches may be poorly planned particularly as radiographs underestimate the incidence of ossicles at this joint. The aims of this study were to determine the incidence and pattern of ossicles at this joint and to establish their anatomic relationships to aid planning the approach for their excision. The interphalangeal joint of the left hallux was dissected in 40 British Caucasian cadavers and the pattern of nodules and their anatomic relationships were established. In 27.5% of subjects, there was no identifiable ossicle and, in these specimens, the tendon of flexor hallucis longus was adherent to the joint capsule. In the remaining specimens (72.5%), a bursa separated the tendon of flexor hallucis longus from the plantar joint capsule and nodules were found embedded within the joint capsule. More than half (52.5%) of the specimens had a single nodule located centrally within the plantar capsule and the remaining 20% had two nodules lying within the capsule. This study shows that a large proportion of the population have either one or two bony or cartilaginous ossicles at this joint. It has also shown that, when present, these structures do not lie within the tendon of flexor hallucis longus and may be most safely excised from a medial approach. Clin. Anat. 18:239,244, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||