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Selected AbstractsDo personality characteristics and beliefs predict intra-group bullying between prisoners?AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR, Issue 4 2010Polly Turner Abstract This study assesses how beliefs about aggression and personality can predict engagement in intra-group bullying among prisoners. A sample of 213 adult male prisoners completed the DIPC-SCALED (bullying behavior), the EXPAGG (beliefs toward aggression), and the IPIP (a five-factor measure of personality). It was predicted that bullies would hold greater instrumental beliefs supporting the use of aggression than the other categories, with perpetrators reporting lower scores on agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience, and higher scores on neuroticism (i.e. low scores on emotional stability) than the remaining sample. Bullies and bully-victims endorsed greater instrumental aggressive beliefs than the victim category. Only one perpetrator group, bullies were predicted by reduced levels of agreeableness and increased levels of neuroticism, whereas bully/victims were predicted by decreased levels of neuroticism. Limitations of this study and directions for future research are discussed. Aggr. Behav. 36:261,270, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] ICP,MS ANALYSIS OF GLASS FRAGMENTS OF PARTHIAN AND SASANIAN EPOCH FROM SELEUCIA AND VEH ARDA,?R (CENTRAL IRAQ)*ARCHAEOMETRY, Issue 3 2008P. MIRTI Forty-one glass fragments were analysed by inductively coupled plasma , mass spectrometry, determining 40 major, minor and trace elements, including rare earth elements. The fragments came from excavations carried out at the archaeological sites of Seleucia and Veh Arda,?r in modern Iraq, and were dated to the Parthian and Sasanian epochs. Analytical data indicate that all the samples are silica,soda,lime glasses. Magnesium and potassium oxide contents below 1% suggest that eight out of nine glasses from Seleucia, dating from between the first and the third century ad, could have been obtained by use of an evaporite as a flux; the same conclusion can be drawn for some of the Sasanian glasses dating from the fourth and fifth centuries ad. The other glasses from Veh Arda,?r, as well as the remaining sample from Seleucia, are characterized by higher contents of magnesium and potassium, which suggests recourse to plant ash; different magnesium and phosphorus contents allow one to separate these samples into two main groups, pointing to the use of different kinds of plant ash. Aluminium and calcium contents, together with trace element data, may indicate that different sands were used for preparing glasses of different composition. Samples from Seleucia and Veh Arda,?r are mainly blue,green and green to yellow,green, respectively; iron and manganese contents suggest that the furnace atmosphere was mainly responsible for the development of these hues. [source] Resistance to tearing of calf and ostrich pericardium: Influence of the type of suture material and the direction of the suture lineJOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH, Issue 2 2004José María García Páez Abstract The tearing of the valve leaflet of a cardiac bioprosthesis can cause early failure of this device, which is employed to replace a diseased native valve. This report involves the study of the behavior of 312 tissue samples (152 of calf pericardium and 160 of ostrich pericardium) treated with glutaraldehyde and subsequently subjected to tear testing. The samples were cut in the two principal directions: longitudinally, or root to apex, and transversely. They included a series of control samples that were left unsutured, and the remaining samples were repaired with the use of two different suture techniques: a running suture in the direction of the load and a telescoping suture perpendicular to the load. Four commercially available suture materials were employed: Pronova®, nylon, Gore-Tex®, or silk. The unsutured control samples of both types of pericardium exhibited a similar anisotropic behavior in the tear test. The mean resistance to tearing of the calf pericardium was 24.29 kN m in samples cut longitudinally and 34.78 kN m in those cut transversely (p = .03); the values were 28.08 kN m and 37.12 kN m (p = .002), respectively, in ostrich pericardium. The series repaired with the telescoping suture always exhibited greater resistance to tearing, with values that ranged between 44.34 and 64.27 kN for the samples of calf pericardium and from 41.65 to 47.65 kN for those obtained from ostrich. These assays confirm the anisotropic behavior of calf and ostrich pericardium treated with glutaraldehyde when subjected to tear testing, as well as the loss of this behavior in ostrich pericardium after suturing. Suturing techniques, such as the telescoping model, that provide a greater resistance to tearing should be studied for use in the design of the valve leaflets of cardiac bioprostheses made of biological materials. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 69B: 125,134, 2004 [source] HCV-RNA In Sural Nerve From Hcv Infected Patients With Peripheral NeuropathyJOURNAL OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, Issue 1 2001L De Martino Objective: Evaluation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in peripheral nerve tissues from HCV infected patients with peripheral neuropathy. METHODS: RT-PCR was performed on homogenates of nerve biopsies from 17 consecutive HCV-positive patients with peripheral neuropathy, with or without mixed cryoglobulinemia, hospitalised from 1996 to 2000. Sural nerve specimens were frozen in iso-pentane pre-cooled in liquid nitrogen and stored at ,80°C until use. RNA was extracted from ten 7-,m thick cryostatic sections or from a nerve trunk specimen of about 3 mm length, collected from each biopsy. Three different protocols of RNA extraction were tested (1,3). Complementary DNAs (cDNAs) were obtained without or with RNasin (Promega, Madison, WI) addition in the reaction mixture to inhibit residual RNase activity. Two sets of commercially available PCR primers for the outer and the nested reaction were used. PCR products were analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. Serum samples and liver specimens from proven HCV positive patients served as positive controls, whereas sera from healthy subjects were negative controls. RESULTS: Sufficient amount of RNA could be obtained either by cryostatic sections or by in toto nerve specimens. Extraction by Trizol (Gibco-BRL) allowed the best concentration and purity of RNA as assessed by biophotometry. The presence of RNasin didn't improve the cDNA synthesis. The resulting amplification product of the nested PCR was 187 bp long. We have always observed this product in our positive controls and never in the negative. Six samples from patients either with or without cryoglobulinemia resulted positive; 7 were negative. Four samples gave variable results. CONCLUSIONS: While 40% of the nerves in our series were undoubtedly HCV positive, the cause(s) of negative and variable results in the remaining samples is likely more complex than variations in the detection protocols and deserve further investigations. REFERENCES: 1) Chomczynski P, Sacchi N (1987). Anal Biochem 162:156. 2) Marquardt O et al. (1996). Med Microbiol Lett 5:55. 3) Chomczynski P (1993). Bio/Techniques 15:532. [source] Compound-specific stable carbon isotope ratios (,13C values) of the halogenated natural product 2,3,3,,4,4,,5,5,-heptachloro-1,-methyl-1,2,-bipyrrole (Q1)RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, Issue 20 2006Walter Vetter Compound-specific isotope analysis using gas chromatography interfaced to isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/IRMS) was applied for the determination of ,13C values of the marine halogenated natural product 2,3,3,,4,4,,5,5,-heptachloro-1,-methyl-1,2,-bipyrrole (Q1). The ,13C value of a lab-made Q1 standard (,34.20,±,0.27,) was depleted in 13C by more than 11, relative to the residues of Q1 in dolphin blubber from Australia and skua liver from Antarctica. This clarified that the synthesized Q1 was not the source for Q1 in the biota samples. However, two Australian marine mammals showed a large variation in the ,13C value, which, in our experience, was implausible. Since the GC/IRMS system was connected to a conventional ion trap mass spectrometer by a post-column splitter, we were able to closely inspect the peak purity of Q1 in the respective samples. While the mass spectra of Q1 did not indicate any impurity, a fronting peak of PCB 101 was identified in one sample. This interference falsified the ,13C value of the respective sample. Once this sample was excluded, we found that the ,13C values of the remaining samples, i.e. liver of Antarctic brown skua (,21.47,±,1.47,) and blubber of Australian melon-headed whale (,22.80,±,0.33,), were in the same order. The standard deviation for Q1 was larger in the skua samples than in the standard and the whale blubber sample. This was due to lower amounts of skua sample available. It remained unclear if the Q1 residues originate from the same producer and location. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Temporal genetic heterogeneity of juvenile orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides, Pisces: Serranidae)AQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 10 2009Panuwat Pumitinsee Abstract Juveniles of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides), a tropical serranid species, are heavily harvested for aquaculture seeds from nursing grounds in several Southeast Asian countries. Because juveniles of similar sizes are present in a nursery area throughout the year, we aimed to determine whether more than one genetically distinct population contributes to juvenile aggregations. We examined the temporal genetic heterogeneity of juvenile aggregations collected at four different times of the year at a nursery area in coastal waters of the Andaman Sea in Trang province, Thailand. Also, we examined the differences between these temporal samples and an outgroup collected from the Gulf of Thailand (Chantaburi). The genetic variation at six polymorphic microsatellite loci within each sample was moderate, with observed heterozygosities across all loci ranging from 0.551 to 0.629 and number of alleles per locus ranging from 7.0 to 8.33. Results indicated substantial genetic differences between the two geographically distant samples, Trang and Chantaburi (Fst=0.040,0.050, P<0.005), and between the July sample and the remaining samples from Trang (Fst=0.096,0.106, P<0.005). The observed temporal genetic heterogeneity of E. coioides juveniles may reflect high variability in the reproductive success of each spawning event and the existence of spatially isolated groups of spawners. [source] Using 20-gauge percutaneous peripheral catheters to reliably collect serial 4-mL blood samples from conscious dogsAUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 6 2010KF Elliott Objective To determine the reliability of collecting serial 4-mL blood samples over 13 h using a 20-gauge, cephalic catheter in conscious dogs. Design Prospective, observational study. Animals Twelve (6 males, 6 females) healthy, neutered, lean dogs. Procedure Percutaneous placement of a 20-gauge, 1.1 × 30 mm intravenous over-the-needle catheter into the cephalic vein was performed in each dog on three occasions. Catheter patency was maintained by intermittent flushing with 0.9% saline and 1 IU/mL heparinised saline solutions. Blood samples (4 mL) were obtained at 10 time-points over 13 h, with close monitoring of the dogs and the indwelling catheters. Blood volume, resistance on aspirating blood sample (minimal or marked resistance) and the methods used to improve blood flow were recorded. Results A high proportion (93%) of blood sample collections achieved the required 4-mL volume, and the remaining samples were greater than 1.5 mL. Of the 358 collections via the cephalic catheter, 311 (87%) were obtained with ,minimal resistance'. The remaining collections had ,marked resistance' (n=47) and were associated with a loose catheter in 11% (5/47) and of unknown cause in 89% (42/47). After ,marked resistance' had been encountered and the catheter was flushed with saline and heparin solutions, subsequent sampling with ,minimal resistance' was frequently possible from the same catheter. Conclusion Use of a percutaneous, 20-gauge intravenous cephalic catheter allowed reliable serial collection of 4-mL blood samples over 13 h in conscious dogs. [source] Novel and recurrent p14ARF mutations in Italian familial melanomaCLINICAL GENETICS, Issue 6 2010F Binni Binni F, Antigoni I, De Simone P, Majore S, Silipo V, Crisi A, Amantea A, Pacchiarini D, Castori M, De Bernardo C, Catricalà C, Grammatico P. Novel and recurrent p14ARF mutations in Italian familial melanoma. CDKN2A and CDK4 are the only known high-penetrant genes conferring proneness to cutaneous melanoma. The CDKN2A locus consists of four exons and encodes several alternate transcripts, two of which are p16INK4a and p14ARF, and originate from different open reading frames. Exon 1, is specific for p16INK4a, while exon 1, characterizes p14ARF. Most CDKN2A mutations are located in exons 1, and 2, while exon 1, variations have been identified in rare melanoma-prone pedigrees. In a previous study, we investigated 155 Italian melanoma cases, including 94 familial melanomas (FAMs) and 61 sporadic multiple primary melanomas (MPMs), for p16INK4a/CDK4 germline alterations and identified 15 p16INK4a and 1 CDK4 point mutations. In the present work, we extended our search to p14ARF mutations and CDKN2A deletions in the remaining samples. We identified the recurrent g.193+1G> A mutation in two FAM cases, while an additional pedigree displayed the previously undescribed variant g.161G> A. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) screening for copy variations resulted negative in all cases. In Italy, the overall frequency of p14ARF mutations is 3.2% in FAM and 0% in sporadic MPM. Re-evaluation of our patients' cohort emphasizes that the chance of identifying CDKN2A/CDK4 mutations in FAM is mainly influenced by the number of affected family members and the presence of one or more MPM cases. Accordingly, mutation rate rises to 61% in selected cases. Further studies are expected in order to investigate CDKN2A rarer mutations, including atypical deletions and inherited epimutations. [source] | ||||||||||