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Remaining Constant (remaining + constant)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences50%

Selected Abstracts

Improving the quality of clinical teaching in a restorative clinic using student feedback

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION, Issue 2 2008
Callum Youngson
Abstract Introduction:, A large proportion of the undergraduate curriculum is spent within Restorative Dentistry at the University of Liverpool. As well as supportive "phantom head" courses the undergraduates receive significant amounts of teaching within the clinics themselves. In 2004, to help inform the clinical tutors as to their areas of strengths and weaknesses, undergraduates were invited to complete an anonymous questionnaire on the quality of teaching they received from their clinical supervisors. This process has been repeated subsequently in 2005 and 2006. Method:, A 19 parameter questionnaire, employing a 5-point Likert scale and space for open comments, was circulated to every clinical undergraduate student. Questionnaires were returned anonymously and all data collected by one researcher. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed and the staff provided with individual feedback within the context of the overall departmental profile. The pooled data from each of the years was then compared to determine if any changes had occurred. Statistical analysis used Kruskal Wallis tests to determine whether these were statistically significant. Results:, Although the range varied, median scores of 4 (agree) were gained for each question each year. Following statistical analysis 18 of the parameters showed a statistically significant improvement (P < 0.05) between 2004 and 2006 with only one remaining constant throughout. Conclusion:, It would appear that the use of a questionnaire based feedback system can result in a tangible and demonstrable improvement in the delivery of clinical teaching. [source]

Spatial frequency content of the Cardiff and related acuity tests

OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS, Issue 1 2006
W. N. Charman
Abstract In the Cardiff acuity test, simple pictures on an otherwise neutral grey card are defined by borders consisting of a relatively broad white band flanked by black bands each half the width of the white band. Higher levels of acuity correspond to the ability to detect figures defined by narrower borders, the figure size remaining constant. It is sometimes implied that the acuity limit corresponding to each card can be equated with different levels of grating resolution, the total width of the border corresponding to the overall grating period. It is shown that although the spatial frequency spectra of the Cardiff figures, like those of other vanishing optotypes, lack very low-frequency components, they have a complex two-dimensional form. The figures have wide spatial bandwidth and no well-defined discrete frequency components. As a result, the relationship between measured Cardiff and grating acuity will vary somewhat, depending upon the particular optical, neural or other deficits of the individual being tested. [source]

Macrophages transfer [14C]-labelled fatty acids to pancreatic islets in culture

CELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND FUNCTION, Issue 1 2001
J. R. Garcia Jr.
Abstract Macrophages are able to produce, export, and transfer fatty acids to lymphocytes in culture. The purpose of this study was to examine if labelled fatty acids could be transferred from macrophages to pancreatic islets in co-culture. We found that after 3,h of co-culture the transfer of fatty acids to pancreatic islets was: arachidonic , oleic > linoleic,=,palmitic. Substantial amounts of the transferred fatty acids were found in the phospholipid fraction; 87.6% for arachidonic, 59.9% for oleic, 53.1% for palmitic, and 36.9% for linoleic acids. The remaining radioactivity was distributed among the other lipid fractions analysed (namely polar lipids, cholesterol, fatty acids, triacylglycerol and cholesterol ester), varying with the fatty acid used. For linoleic acid, a significant proportion (63.1%) was almost equally distributed in these lipid fractions. Also, it was observed that transfer of fatty acids from macrophages to pancreatic islets is time-dependent up to 24,h, being constant and linear with time for palmitic acid and remaining constant after 12,h for oleic acid. These results lead us to postulate that in addition to the serum, circulating monocytes may also be a source of fatty acids to pancreatic islets, mainly arachidonic acid. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Hydrodynamics and Flow Development in a 15.1,m Circulating Fluidized Bed Riser

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (CET), Issue 4 2007
W.-X. Huang
Abstract Hydrodynamics and flow development are studied in a long riser circulating fluidized bed reactor (15.1,m). Optic fiber probes were used for the measurement of local solids distribution. Pressure drops were also measured with pressure transducers along the riser. The flow development in the riser center is almost instant with solids holdup remaining constant and low, and particle velocity remaining high along the riser. The particle flow is firstly developed from center, and then towards the wall. The riser height is an important factor for the design of circulating fluidized bed reactors. Increasing the solid circulating rate significantly slows down the flow development process, while increases in the superficial gas velocity accelerate it. [source]