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Related Compounds (relate + compound)
Selected AbstractsElectrochemical Behavior of Catecholamines and Related Compounds at In Situ Surfactant Modified Carbon Paste ElectrodesELECTROANALYSIS, Issue 2-3 2007M.Carmen Blanco-López Abstract The voltammetric characteristics of catecholamines: epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) and related compounds: isoproterenol, metanephrine, L -dopa, methyldopa, vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), and homovanillic acid (HVA) at unmodified and in situ surfactant- modified carbon paste electrodes were comparatively evaluated. For the basic and amphoteric compounds the modification of the electrode surface with submicellar concentrations of anionic surfactants (sodium dodecylsulfate, sodium decylsulfate or sodium dodecylsulfonate) produce an important current enhancement in its oxidation and reduction peak current together with the improvement in the reversibility of the processes. These effects were explained in basis on electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. On the other hand, the oxidation of acidic metabolites, HVA and VMA, was studied at electrodes modified in situ with cationic surfactants. Under certain conditions the surfactant could stabilise some of the electrochemical reaction intermediates, thus explaining the different voltammetric behaviour of HVA and VMA. [source] Conjugated Macrocycles as Active Materials in Nonlinear Optical Processes: Optical Limiting Effect with Phthalocyanines and Related CompoundsTHE CHEMICAL RECORD, Issue 3 2002Michael Hanack Abstract An overview of the optical limiting (OL) processes in phthalocyanines and related compounds is presented, particularly a description of the synthesis and relevant optical properties of a series of axially substituted indium(III), titanium(IV), phthalo- and naphthalocyanines, and octaarylporphyrazines. Several techniques, such as transient absorption, Z-scan, and degenerate four-wave mixing, were used to assess the optical properties and OL performance of the investigated compounds. The versatility of the methods of organic synthesis leads to the achievement of effective systems in terms of OL performance through the appropriate combination and modulation of several structural components. The chemistry of the macrocycles here considered allows the variation of the different chemical features, such as the degree of electronic conjugation of the macrocycle and the nature of the ring substituents, the central atom, and the ligands attached to the central atom. © 2002 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 2: 129,148, 2002: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.10024 [source] Arylazoamidoximes and Related Compounds as NO-modulatorsARCHIV DER PHARMAZIE, Issue 1 2010Alexander Schröder Abstract Three amidinoarylhydrazines 1, three arylazoamidines 2, and nine arylazoamidoximes 3 have been synthesized and investigated for their potential to function as nitric oxide (NO) modulators. In-vitro studies demonstrated that 2 and 3 inhibited platelet aggregation (2c, IC50 = 3 ,M) which could also be shown in vivo by inhibition of thrombus formation in arterioles (3a, 22%). Moreover, for all compounds antihypertensive effects were examined in vivo with SHR rats, with 2a being the most potent candidate by lowering blood pressure by 19%. However, no common underlying mechanism of action could be shown. Some of these compounds released HNO non-enzymatically. Incubations with NO synthase isoforms (NOSs) revealed, that compounds 1 to 3 were weak substrates for NOSs but arylazoamidoximes 3 remarkably elevated the NOSs activity in the presence of L -arginine (3h, up to fivefold). In addition, we examined effects on arginase and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), two further enzymes involved in the complex regulation of NO biosynthesis, to elucidate whether the observed in-vivo effects can be traced back to their modulation. Furthermore, the metabolic fate of arylazoamidoximes 3 was addressed by investigation of a possible N -reductive biotransformation. In summary, novel NO-modulating compound classes are presented, among which arylazoamidoximes 3 are potent activators of NOS isoforms, and arylazoamidines 2 exert in-vivo effects by unknown mechanisms. [source] ChemInform Abstract: Unusually Short Ce,Ru Distances in CeRuAl and Related Compounds.CHEMINFORM, Issue 46 2009Wilfried Hermes Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)-Catalyzed Benzannulation of 3-Hydroxy-1,5-enynes: An Efficient Synthesis of Substituted Tetrahydronaphthalenes and Related Compounds.CHEMINFORM, Issue 24 2008Christiane M. Grise Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] ChemInform Abstract: Thiophenol-Mediated 1,5-Hydrogen Transfer for the Preparation of Pyrrolizidines, Indolizidines, and Related Compounds.CHEMINFORM, Issue 13 2008Fabrice Denes Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] Fast and Efficient Preparation of Baylis,Hillman-Derived (E)-Allylic Azides and Related Compounds in Aqueous Medium.CHEMINFORM, Issue 11 2007Marcus M. Sa Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source] A Versatile Synthesis of (.+-.)-Deoxyfebrifugine, an Antimalarial Alkaloid Analogue, and Related Compounds.CHEMINFORM, Issue 26 2006Joseph P. Michael Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source] Pyridazine Derivatives and Related Compounds.CHEMINFORM, Issue 19 2006Part 21. Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source] In vitro Antifungal Properties, Structure,Activity Relationships and Studies on the Mode of Action of N-Phenyl, N-Aryl, N-Phenylalkyl Maleimides and Related Compounds.CHEMINFORM, Issue 26 2005Susana A. Zacchino Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source] Porphyrins and Related CompoundsCHEMINFORM, Issue 26 2005K. M. Smith Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source] Regioselectivity in Diels,Alder Reactions of Thiazolo[3,2-d][1,4,2]diazaphospholes and Related Compounds.CHEMINFORM, Issue 24 2005Raj K. Bansal Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source] Synthesis of 1,1,4,4-Tetrabromo-2-butenes and Related Compounds via Desilylation,Bromination of Silylated 1,3-Butadiene Derivatives.CHEMINFORM, Issue 17 2005Zhenfeng Xi Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source] Terpenoids and Related Compounds.CHEMINFORM, Issue 16 2005Part 36. Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source] Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 7-N-(n-Alkoxyphthalimido)-2-hydroxy-4-aryl-6-aryliminothiazolidino [2,3-b]pyrimidines and Related Compounds.CHEMINFORM, Issue 41 2004Bhawani Singh Singh Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source] Unusual Electronic and Bonding Properties of the Zintl Phase Ca5Ge3 and Related Compounds.CHEMINFORM, Issue 26 2004A Theoretical Analysis Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source] Milbemycin ,17 and Related Compounds Synthesized from Milbemycin A4: Synthetic Procedure and Acaricidal Activities.CHEMINFORM, Issue 13 2004Takahiro Tsukiyama Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source] Synthesis, Reactions and DNA Damaging Abilities of 10-Membered Enediyne-Sulfone and Related Compounds.CHEMINFORM, Issue 45 2003Ichiro Suzuki Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source] Cytotoxic N-[4-(3-Aryl-3-oxo-1-propenyl)phenylcarbonyl] -3,5-bis(phenylmethylene)-4-piperidones and Related Compounds.CHEMINFORM, Issue 20 2003Jonathan R. Dimmock Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source] Silver(I) Fluoride and Related Compounds in Chemical Synthesis.CHEMINFORM, Issue 5 2003Wieland Tyrra Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source] ChemInform Abstract: Use of a Modified Ring-Switching Strategy to Synthesize the Glutamate Antagonist (2S)-2-Amino-3-(2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-5-yl)propionate and Related Compounds with Two Chiral Centers.CHEMINFORM, Issue 21 2002Andrew Dinsmore Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] ChemInform Abstract: A Photochemical Approach to Phenylalanines and Related Compounds by Alkylation of Glycine.CHEMINFORM, Issue 2 2002Haydn S. Knowles Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] Unlocking the Chemotherapeutic Potential of ,-Aminovinyl Ketones and Related CompoundsCHEMMEDCHEM, Issue 7 2009Hatem Abstract The role of ,-aminovinyl ketones as synthetic intermediates has been well categorised, but recent developments have shown an interesting array of applications and new chemotherapeutic potential, both in the preparation of biologically active heterocycles and as pharmacophores in their own right. Medicinal chemists are accustomed to using the products of Knoevenagel-type condensations as auxiliaries for the synthesis of N-containing heteroaromatic compounds. One such example of these chemical building blocks are ,-aminovinyl ketones,valuable synthetic intermediates that have been used in the preparation of pyridines, pyrimidines, pyrazoles, and many other heterocyclic motifs. This review highlights their recent use in the synthesis of biologically active targets as part of drug discovery programmes and in natural product synthesis. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that the enaminone motif may serve as a therapeutic pharmacophore in its own right. This review highlights the range of biological responses that ,-aminovinyl ketones elicit, including as antitumour, antibacterial, and anticonvulsant agents. Thus, with a broad spectrum of biological properties and as versatile chemical intermediates, it is clear that ,-aminovinyl ketones offer great potential in the search for new chemotherapeutic agents. [source] 2,2,-Nitrophenylisatogen potentiates P2X1 receptor mediated vascular contraction and blood pressure elevationDRUG DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, Issue 1 2003Anna-Karin Wihlborg Abstract The objective of this research was to examine the effects of chemical compounds with possible P2 receptor modulating effects and to characterize the potentiating effects of 2,2,-nitrophenylisatogen (NPI) on P2X1 receptors in vitro and in vivo. Chemical compounds were tested in an in vitro pharmacological assay using vascular segments from the rat mesenteric artery stimulated by P2 receptor-specific agonists. Contractions were expressed as a percentage of 60 mM K+ -induced contractions. Blood pressure was evaluated in pithed rats. NPI (30 ,M) added 15 min before addition of the P2X1 receptor-specific agonist ,,-MeATP increased the maximum vasoconstriction from 23% to 49% (an increase of 113%). Furthermore, NPI prevented the desensitization of repeated ,,-MeATP contractions. Related compounds were examined, and 2-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-1-oxy-indol-3-one (MPI) had similar effects as NPI, but several others lacked effect. NPI had no effect on ADP,S (P2Y1) or acetylcholine-mediated vasodilatation, nor on UTP (P2Y2/4), UDP (P2Y6), or noradrenaline-mediated contractions. In pithed rats, the blood pressure response to 50 nmol/kg-infusion of ,,-MeATP was increased from 50±6 to 63±5 mmHg (P<0.05), but had no effect on basal blood pressure or on the cardiovascular response to preganglionic nerve stimulation. In conclusion, NPI and MPI potentiates P2X1 receptor vascular contractions in vitro and (NPI) blood pressure effects in vivo. It is possible that the effect is mediated by an inhibition of P2X1 receptor desensitization. Drug Dev. Res. 59:82,87, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Low serum concentration of sulfatide and presence of sulfated lactosylceramid are associated with Type 2 diabetes.DIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 9 2005The Skaraborg Project Abstract Aims The glycosphingolipid sulfatide (sulfated galactosyl-ceramide) increases exocytosis of ,-cell secretory granules, activates KATP -channels and is thereby able to influence insulin secretion through its presence in the islets. A closely related compound, sulfated lactosylceramide (sulf-lac-cer), is present in the islets during fetal and neonatal life when, as in Type 2 diabetes, insulin is secreted autonomically without the usual first phase response to glucose. The aim was to examine whether serum concentrations of these glycolipids are associated with Type 2 diabetes. Methods A case,control study, comprising 286 women and 283 men, was designed using a population-based sample of patients with Type 2 diabetes and a population survey. Results Low serum concentrations of sulfatide were associated with Type 2 diabetes, independent of traditional risk factors for diabetes in a sex-specific analysis: odds ratio (OR) 2.1 (95% confidence interval 1.1, 3.9) in men, and 2.3 (1.2, 4.3) in women, comparing the lowest and the highest tertiles. Type 2 diabetes was also associated with detectable amounts of sulf-lac-cer in serum: OR 1.7 (0.9, 3.4) in men, and 7.6 (3.8, 15.2) in women. After adjustment for confounding from other diabetes risk factors, these associations remained basically unchanged. The connections between sulfatide and Type 2 diabetes, and sulf-lac-cer and Type 2 diabetes were independent of each other. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was negatively correlated with sulfatide concentration and positively correlated with sulf-lac-cer (both P < 0.0001, independently). Conclusions We report a new, robust and highly significant independent association between Type 2 diabetes and serum concentrations of sulfatide in both sexes, and sulf-lac-cer in females. The associations were also independent of other known diabetes risk factors. [source] Structural and spectral assignment by 2D NMR of a new prenylated benzopyrancarboxylic acid and structural reassignment of a related compoundMAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY, Issue 2 2003Sharon J. Burke Abstract A new prenylated benzopyrancarboxylic acid, 1a (3,4-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2,7-dimethyl-8-(2-methyl-2-butenyl)- 2-(4-methyl-1, 3-pentadienyl)-2H -1-benzopyran-6-carboxylic acid) was isolated from Peperomia amplexicaulis and fully characterized by 1D and 2D NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry. In the course of this investigation, the structure of a related compound (minus the carboxylic acid group) which was previously assigned as 2b was corrected to structure 1b. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] 6-Shogaol suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced up-expression of iNOS and COX-2 in murine macrophagesMOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH (FORMERLY NAHRUNG/FOOD), Issue 12 2008Min-Hsiung Pan Abstract Ginger, the rhizome of Zingiber officinale, is a traditional medicine with carminative effect, antinausea, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic properties. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of 6-shogaol and a related compound, 6-gingerol, on the induction of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in murine RAW 264.7 cells activated with LPS. Western blotting and reverse transcription-PCR analyses demonstrated that 6-shogaol significantly blocked protein and mRNA expression of inducible NOS (iNOS) and COX-2 in LPS-induced macrophages. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by a topical 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) application to mouse skin. When applied topically onto the shaven backs of mice prior to TPA, 6-shogaol markedly inhibited the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins. Treatment with 6-shogaol resulted in the reduction of LPS-induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-,B (NF,B) subunit and the dependent transcriptional activity of NF,B by blocking phosphorylation of inhibitor ,B (I,B), and p65 and subsequent degradation of I,B,. Transient transfection experiments using NF,B reporter constructs indicated that 6-shogaol inhibits the transcriptional activity of NF,B in LPS-stimulated mouse macrophages. We found that 6-shogaol also inhibited LPS-induced activation of PI3K/Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, but not p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Taken together, these results show that 6-shogaol downregulates inflammatory iNOS and COX-2 gene expression in macrophages by inhibiting the activation of NF,B by interfering with the activation PI3K/Akt/I,B kinases IKK and MAPK. [source] Insecticidal activity of deoxypodophyllotoxin, isolated from Juniperus sabina L, and related lignans against larvae of Pieris rapae LPEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (FORMERLY: PESTICIDE SCIENCE), Issue 11 2004Rong Gao Abstract In the course of screening for naturally occurring insecticides from plants from the northwestern part of China, a petroleum ether extract of Juniperus sabina L was found to show insecticidal activity against fifth-instar larvae of Pieris rapae L. From the extract, an insecticidal compound was isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation. The compound was identified as deoxypodophyllotoxin (1) by comparison of its spectroscopic characteristics with literature data. In bioassays, 1 showed antifeedant activity against fifth-instar larvae of P rapae at 0.05,1.00 g litre,1 and its AFC50 (concentration for 50% antifeedant activity) values at 12 and 48 h were 0.170 and 0.060 g litre,1, respectively. In that concentration range, all treated insects died within 48 h after treatment and compound 1 showed delayed insecticidal activity. At 0.015,0.100 g litre,1, 1 showed insecticidal activity, with an LC50 of 0.020 g litre,1. The related compound deoxypicropodophyllotoxin (2), however, showed lower antifeedant and insecticidal activities than 1 in bioassay. This indicated that the trans -lactone ring is an important moiety for enhancing activity in these compounds. Comparison of the insecticidal activities of 1 and another related compound, podophyllotoxin (3), suggested that varying the substituent at C-4 is an exciting possibility for synthesizing more potent analogues. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Identification of an unusual naturally occurring apolar fatty acid amide in mammalian brain and a method for its quantitative determinationRAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, Issue 3 2006Maurizio Dalle Carbonare Fatty acid amides (FAAs), such as the N -acylamides, N -acylethanolamides, N -acyldopamines and N -acylamino acids, are now emerging as an important new class of lipid-signalling molecules. This paper provides evidence, based on high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS/MS), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and 1H-NMR, of the occurrence in mouse and bovine brain extracts of a compound characterised by a mass spectrum attributable to a FAA not previously described, namely, the isopropyl-amide of stearic acid (SIPA). A highly sensitive GC/MS method was developed for quantification of naturally occurring SIPA and, also, for purposes of comparison, that of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), a structurally related compound commonly determined in animal tissues. The results obtained show that SIPA levels in mouse brain are 8,10-fold higher than those of PEA. Moreover, SIPA was found in human neuroblastoma cell (SHSY-5Y) extracts, at significantly higher levels following exposure of the cells to the mitochondrial inhibitor rotenone. All this evidence not only shows surprisingly that SIPA may be found naturally in mammalian biological extracts despite the unusual functional group (i.e. isopropylamide) implicated, but also raises many important questions concerning its biological origin. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Mechanistic studies of blood pressure in rats treated with a series of cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors,DRUG DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, Issue 1 2009Michael DePasquale Abstract ILLUMINATE, the Phase 3 clinical trial of morbidity and mortality (M&M) with the cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor (CETPi), torcetrapib (CP-529,414), was terminated in December 2006 due to an imbalance in all cause mortality. The underlying cause of the M&M remains undetermined. While torcetrapib produced dose-related increases in blood pressure in clinical trials, the mechanism of the increase in blood pressure is also undetermined. The pressor effects of torcetrapib and structurally related compounds were studied in several pathways involved in blood pressure control. Studies were conducted in rats treated with a series of structurally related molecules (CP-529,414, CP-532,623, PF-868,348, CP-746,281, CP-792,485, PF-868,343, and CE-308,958). CP-529,414, CP-532,623, CP-868,343, and CP-792,485 are potent CETP inhibitors; PF-868,348 is weakly potent and CP-746,281 and CE-308,958 are CETP-inactive. Changes in blood pressure were determined in conscious animals in conjunction with pharmacologic blockade of numerous pressor agents/pathways. Torcetrapib and CP-532,623 increased blood pressure following both chronic PO and acute IV administration. The CETP-inactive enantiomer of CP-532,623, CP-746,281 failed to raise blood pressure. PF-868,348, a structural analogue with ,50-fold lower CETPi activity also displayed pressor activity. Blockade of adrenergic, cholinergic, angiotensin, endothelin, NOS, Rho kinase, and thromboxane pathways failed to attenuate the pressor response. These data demonstrate that the blood pressure activity seen with torcetrapib can be dissociated from CETP inhibitor pharmacology and numerous pharmacology pathways can be discounted in the attempt to understand the molecular basis of the pressor pharmacology. Drug Dev Res 70:2009 © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||