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Reduced Odds (reduced + odds)
Selected AbstractsThe effect of social networks and social support on common mental disorders following specific life eventsACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 2 2010P. K. Maulik Maulik PK, Eaton WW, Bradshaw CP. The effect of social networks and social support on common mental disorders following specific life events. Objective:, This study examined the association between life events and common mental disorders while accounting for social networks and social supports. Method:, Participants included 1920 adults in the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Cohort who were interviewed in 1993,1996, of whom 1071 were re-interviewed in 2004,2005. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the data. Results:, Social support from friends, spouse or relatives was associated with significantly reduced odds of panic disorder and psychological distress, after experiencing specific life events. Social networks or social support had no significant stress-buffering effect. Social networks and social support had almost no direct or buffering effect on major depressive disorder, and no effect on generalized anxiety disorder and alcohol abuse or dependence disorder. Conclusion:, The significant association between social support and psychological distress, rather than diagnosable mental disorders, highlights the importance of social support, especially when the severity of a mental health related problem is low. [source] Factors Associated With Multiple-Partner Fertility Among FathersJOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY, Issue 2 2008Jennifer Manlove This article uses a sample of 1,731 fathers aged 16 , 45 from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth to identify factors associated with multiple-partner fertility. Almost one third of fathers who reported multiple-partner fertility did so across a series of nonmarital relationships, and nonmarital-only multiple-partner fertility has been increasing across recent cohorts of men. Being older, having a first sexual experience or a first child at a young age, and fathering a child outside of marriage or cohabitation are associated with greater odds of multiple-partner fertility, whereas having additional children with the first birth mother is associated with reduced odds. Black, Hispanic, and young fathers have especially high odds of experiencing multiple-partner fertility across a series of nonmarital relationships. [source] Sexual Intentions of Black Preadolescents: Associations with Risk and Adaptive BehaviorsPERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, Issue 1 2005Rex Forehand CONTEXT: Adolescent sexual activity in the United States is prevalent and occurring increasingly early, particularly among minority groups. Other risk behaviors (e.g., alcohol consumption) often co-occur with sexual behavior. By examining the association of risk and adaptive behaviors with precursors of sexual behavior,specifically, sexual intentions,it may be possible to identify preadolescents who are at increased risk for early sexual initiation. METHODS: Data from 1,090 black fourth and fifth graders and their parents from the Parents Matter! Program were used in logistic regression analyses to assess covariation between preadolescents' risk and adaptive behaviors, and their intentions to initiate sexual intercourse in the next year. RESULTS: Risk and adaptive behaviors, as reported by both preadolescents and parents, were associated with sexual intentions; the findings were not qualified by youth's gender. Alcohol consumption and having been in trouble with the police were the primary youth-reported risk behaviors associated with the odds of intending to have intercourse (odds ratios, 2.3 and 1.8); the preadolescent's being in trouble at home was the primary parent-reported risk behavior (2.1). In both sets of reports, performing well on schoolwork was associated with reduced odds of intending to engage in sex (0.5,0.6). CONCLUSIONS: Risk and adaptive behaviors are markers of sexual intentions among black preadolescents. Prevention programs can use these behaviors to identify black youth who may be at high risk for early sexual initiation. [source] Serum adiponectin acutely after an ischemic stroke: implications for a long-lasting, suppressed anti-inflammatory roleACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 4 2010S. Marousi Marousi S, Theodorou G, Karakantza M, Papathanasopoulos P, Ellul J. Serum adiponectin acutely after an ischemic stroke: implications for a long-lasting, suppressed anti-inflammatory role. Acta Neurol Scand: 2010: 121: 277,284. © 2009 The Authors Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Munksgaard. Objective,,, Past ischemic stroke (IS) patients display suppressed adiponectin (ADPN) levels a few months after disease onset. It is still unclear whether hypoadiponectinemia is already present by the early stages of stroke or occurs as a delayed effect of the acute ischemic reaction. In the present study we investigated ADPN levels acutely after an IS. Materials and methods,,, Serum ADPN was measured in 82 consecutive acute IS patients, and 30 stroke-free subjects of similar age and sex distributions. Results,,, Patients had significantly lower ADPN levels than controls. Higher ADPN was significantly associated with reduced odds for IS accounting for age, sex and high-density lipoproteins. This association was strengthened after further adjustments for potential confounders. ADPN levels remained suppressed even 6 months after stroke. Conclusions,,, ADPN is significantly suppressed already by the early phases of stroke, and remains unchanged 6 months later. We propose a stable-over-time anti-inflammatory role of ADPN in IS, unrelated to the acute ischemic reaction. [source] | ||||||||||