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Reconciliation
Kinds of Reconciliation Terms modified by Reconciliation Selected AbstractsTHE BUSINESS OF RECONCILIATION: ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY IN POST-CONFLICT RWANDAECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 2 2007Karol Boudreaux In post-conflict Rwanda trade and enterprise are leading to increased levels of co-operation among former enemies. Economic interaction is providing a cost-effective alternative to state-led reconciliation programmes as a mechanism for justice and healing. Governments seeking to provide effective transitional justice and reconciliation should therefore facilitate private-sector efforts by actively working to improve the institutional environment for doing business. [source] RECONCILIATION AS A PNEUMATOLOGICAL MISSION PARADIGM: SOME PRELIMINARY REFLECTIONS BY AN ORTHODOXINTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF MISSION, Issue 372 2005Petros Vassiliadis This article underlines the importance of reconciliation and healing in the life and mission of the church. It develops a new theology of mission that is no longer based on the old Christocentric uni-versalism but on a new trinitarian (i.e. pneumatological) understanding of the witness of the church. This is possible nowadays because of the reinforcement of pneumalology into missiologi-cal reflections, which together with the amazing expansion worldwide of the Pentecostal movement, determines the present day Christian mission. The article it based on the assumption that the Holy Spirit in both the biblical and patristic traditions is first and foremost eschatologically- (Acts 2:17ff) and communion- (2 Cor. 13:13) oriented. Since, however, a pneumatological approach of Christian mission cannot be received in the wider Christian constituency unless it is christologically conditioned, the article makes Christology its starting point. It argues that on the basis of Christ's teaching, life and work, the apostles were, and all Christians thereafter are commissioned to proclaim not a set of given reli-gious convict urns, doctrines and moral commands, but the coming kingdom. The message, therefore, is the good news of a new reality of full-scale reconciliation. From the epistemological point of view, the article builds upon the existence of two types of pneumatology in the history of the church. One type is "historical" and is more familiar in the West. It understands the Holy Spirit as fully dependent upon, and being the agent of Christ in order to fulfil the task of mission. The other type is "eschatological", and id more widespread in the East. It understands the Holy Spirit as the source of Christ, and the church in term more of ,coming together', i.e., as the eschatological synaxis of the people of God in hut Kingdom, than of ,going forth'for mission. Taking thu second type of pneumatology one step further, the article argues that mission in the conventional sense is the outcome and not the source of Christian theology. That is why for the Orthodox what constitutes the essence of the church is not her mission but the Eucharist, the divine Liturgy; the mission is the meta-liturgy, the Liturgy after the Liturgy. Nevertheless, reconciliation being the primary precondition of the Eucharist, it also automatically becomes a source of mission. [source] ROADS TO RECONCILIATION: AN EMERGING PARADIGM OF AFRICAN THEOLOGYMODERN THEOLOGY, Issue 4 2010J. J. CARNEY The heart of contemporary African Christian theology is the notion of "reconciliation." Contextualizing this movement, the article begins by surveying the three major theological paradigms,inculturation, liberation, and reconstruction,that shaped post-colonial African theology. Drawing on the writings of Desmond Tutu, John Rucyahana and Emmanuel Katongole and three grassroots reconciliation ministries, I delineate four principles of African reconciliation theology: interdependence, prophetic advocacy, holistic transformation, and alternative Christian community. The article concludes by addressing outstanding challenges of memory, justice, brokenness, and pluralism and considers how the Catholic sacrament of reconciliation could offer further theological resources for the emerging paradigm. [source] PUNITIVE JUSTICE AND RESTORATIVE JUSTICE AS SOCIAL RECONCILIATIONTHE HEYTHROP JOURNAL, Issue 3 2008ZENON SZABLOWINSKI The notion of justice is broad and complex. When we pursue justice too harshly after a conflict, we create new injustice and more victims; when we do not, the offenders usually keep hurting others and the violence is prolonged. As a matter of fact, only a few perpetrators can be punished. On the other hand, does punishment of the offender alone heal the victim or restore peace and harmony in society? Moreover, when the victim forgives, should the society still punish the offender? What role do truth recovery, state tribute (paid to the victims) and monetary compensation play in finding the balance between punitive justice and restorative justice? This paper takes up these issues of justice and, while discussing certain aspects of the relationship between punitive justice and restorative justice in some processes of social (national) reconciliation, tries to present some answers. [source] Reconciliation and Forgiveness in an Unjust SocietyDIALOG, Issue 4 2002Ambrose Moyo Justification by faith necessarily leads to justice in society. IN post,apartheid South Africa, reconciliation has required truth telling plus confession and, most importantly, land redistribution. Failure at land redistribution in Zimbabwe has reduced the effectiveness of the post,colonial reconciliation program and perpetuated previous injustice. [source] Reconciliation in Wolves (Canis lupus): New Evidence for a Comparative PerspectiveETHOLOGY, Issue 3 2008Giada Cordoni Social animals gain benefits from cooperative behaviours. However, social systems also imply competition and conflict of interest. To cope with dispersal forces, group-living animals use several peace-keeping tactics, which have been deeply investigated in primates. Other taxa, however, have been often neglected in this field research. Wolves (Canis lupus) with their high sociality and cooperative behaviour may be a good model species to investigate the reconciliation process. In this study, we provide the first evidence for the occurrence of reconciliation in a group of zoo-kept wolves. The conciliatory contacts were uniformly distributed across the different sex-class combinations. We found a linear dominance hierarchy in the colony under study, although the hierarchical relationships did not seem to affect the reconciliation dynamics. Moreover, both aggressors and victims initiated first post-conflict affinitive contact with comparable rates and both high- and low-intensity conflicts were reconciled with similar percentages. Finally, we found that coalitionary support may be a good predictor for high level of conciliatory contacts in this species. [source] The Long-Term Effects of Reconciliation in Japanese Macaques Macaca fuscataETHOLOGY, Issue 11 2001Nicola F. Koyama With one exception, all previous studies of reconciliation in non-human primates (friendly reunion between former opponents) have focused on demonstrating the immediate, short-term effects despite the widely held view that reconciliation has a long-term function of repairing social relationships following aggression. To investigate this long-term function I compared mean interaction rates between opponents during the 10 d following reconciled and non-reconciled conflicts to baseline levels of interaction. Aggression rates during the 10 d after non-reconciled conflicts were significantly higher than the baseline rate, whereas after reconciled conflicts aggression was minimal. Similarly, grooming, proximity and approach rates during the 10 d after non-reconciled conflicts were significantly lower than the baseline rate whereas grooming, proximity and approach rates in the 10 d after reconciled conflicts were restored to baseline levels. These results indicate that there are consequences to not reconciling with a former opponent and highlight the fact that these may be costly in terms of increased risk of long-term aggression and reduced affiliation. The data support predictions from the Relationship-Repair Hypothesis suggesting that reconciliation functions as a mechanism for the repair of social relationships damaged by aggression. [source] The magistrate, the community and the maintenance of an orderly society in eighteenth-century EnglandHISTORICAL RESEARCH, Issue 191 2003Gwenda Morgan The lone magistrate was the central figure of early modern English law enforcement, yet few records of his activities survive. This study of one of the rare notebooks kept by a local J.P. in north-east England in the eighteenth century suggests that his primary purpose was to negotiate peace between disputants rather than to secure prosecution and conviction of those accused of crimes. Prosecutions in court were few. Reconciliation was mixed with enforcement in areas such as employment relations, poor relief and the maintenance of illegitimate children, but here, as in the many cases of physical assault, outcomes were frequently ,agreed'. [source] Controls on old and new water contributions to stream flow at some nested catchments in Vermont, USAHYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES, Issue 3 2002James B. Shanley Abstract Factors controlling the partitioning of old and new water contributions to stream flow were investigated for three events in four catchments (three of which were nested) at Sleepers River Research Watershed in Danville, Vermont. In the 1993 snowmelt period, two-component isotopic hydrograph separations showed that new water (meltwater) inputs to the stream ranged widely from 41 to 74%, and increased with catchment size (41 to 11 125 ha) (with one exception) and with open land cover (0,73%). Peak dissolved organic carbon concentrations and relative alkalinity dilution in stream water ranked in the same order among catchments as the new water fractions, suggesting that new water followed shallow flow paths. During the 1994 snowmelt, despite similar timing and magnitude of melt inputs, the new-water contribution to stream flow ranged only from 30 to 36% in the four catchments. We conclude that the uncommonly high and variable new water fractions in streamwater during the 1993 melt were caused by direct runoff of meltwater over frozen ground, which was prevalent in open land areas during the 1993 winter. In a high-intensity summer rainstorm in 1993, new water fractions were smaller relative to the 1993 snowmelt, ranging from 28 to 46%, but they ranked in the identical catchment order. Reconciliation of the contrasting patterns of new,old water partitioning in the three events appears to require an explanation that invokes multiple processes and effects, including: 1.topographically controlled increase in surface-saturated area with increasing catchment size; 2.direct runoff over frozen ground; 3.low infiltration in agriculturally compacted soils; 4.differences in soil transmissivity, which may be more relevant under dry antecedent conditions. These data highlight some of the difficulties faced by catchment hydrologists in formulating a theory of runoff generation at varying basin scales. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The Justice of Truth and ReconciliationHYPATIA, Issue 2 2003THOMAS BRUDHOLM First page of article [source] The Holy Spirit, Healing and Reconciliation: Pentecostal/Charismatic Issues at Athens 2005INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF MISSION, Issue 374 2005Allan Anderson First page of article [source] Signals of Reconciliation: Institution-Building and the Resolution of Civil WarsINTERNATIONAL STUDIES REVIEW, Issue 1 2005Matthew Hoddie Recent studies of civil war have tended to apply concepts associated with neorealist analyses of international conflict to understand the dynamics of disputes among collectivities within a state. The intention of the present essay is to demonstrate that this reliance on neorealist theory has resulted in the neglect of viable solutions to these conflicts that are inconsistent with the dominant paradigm. We suggest that an alternative international relations perspective, neoliberal institutionalism, can also serve as a prescription for post-civil war stability. Consistent with this perspective, we identify a process in which negotiating and establishing power-sharing institutions serves two important functions in the resolution of civil wars. First, the institutions created through this process serve as the basis for establishing a new political order. Second, the act of developing postwar institutions provides a means by which former adversaries can generate the often costly signals of conciliatory intent necessary for fostering new norms of peaceful cooperation. We demonstrate the value of this framework through a case study of conflict resolution in the Philippines. [source] Problematising the discourses of the dominant: whiteness and reconciliationJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 5 2006Meredith J. Green Abstract This article investigates how unacknowledged power can affect the political actions of those in the dominant group, in this case white Australians. To do this we identify connections between the discourses used by white Australians involved in Reconciliation, the power and privilege of whiteness in Australia, and participants' understandings and actions towards Reconciliation. Using discourse analysis four discourses were identified from interviews and focus groups with white Australians involved in Reconciliation. These were labelled ,indigenous project', ,institutional change', ,challenging racism', and ,bringing them together'. We argue that understanding the power relations that underlie the political actions of those in dominant positions is critical to ensuring the goals of anti-racism are achieved. Discourse analysis may allow us to gain a deeper understanding of the power and the potential impacts that may flow from particular positions and how power may be made more visible to the dominant group. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] ,Tell All the Truth, but Tell it Slant': A Poetics of Truth and ReconciliationJOURNAL OF LAW AND SOCIETY, Issue 1 2004Adam Gearey There is a voice that tries to speak the truth. This essay will suggest that the discourse on the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission [TRC] has perhaps ignored this most invisible of things, and has looked for the truth of the Commission everywhere except where it might be found, if indeed it can be found at all. To the extent that it is possible to oppose the truth of the voice to another truth, it may be useful to make use of a notion of poetics; even a sublime poetics. [source] Racial Reconciliation in South Africa:Interracial Contact and Changes over TimeJOURNAL OF SOCIAL ISSUES, Issue 2 2010James L. Gibson Relying upon,Gibson's (2004),theory equating lack of prejudice with interracial "reconciliation," we investigate racial attitudes based on a 2004 nationally representative survey of South Africans. We begin by documenting substantial group-based differences in intergroup prejudice, with Blacks being considerably less reconciled with Whites as compared to the three racial minorities' levels of reconciliation with Blacks. We also discover that the Black majority has become less reconciled with Whites over the period from Gibson's survey (in 2001) to the current survey (in 2004). Improvement in racial attitudes is observed among the other three groups. We next investigate intergroup contact as an explanation of differences in attitudes, finding some effects of mere contact and powerful effects of intimate contact. However, the consequences of contact differ across the various racial groups. [source] Reconciliation as a Political ValueJOURNAL OF SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Issue 2 2007Darrel Moellendorf First page of article [source] Simultaneous Data Reconciliation and Parameter Estimation in Bulk Polypropylene Polymerizations in Real TimeMACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA, Issue 1 2006Diego Martinez Prata Abstract This work presents the implementation of a methodology for dynamic data reconciliation and simultaneous estimation of quality and productivity parameters in real time, using data from an industrial bulk Ziegler-Natta propylene polymerization process. A phenomenological model of the real process, based on mass and energy balances, was developed and implemented for interpretation of actual plant data. The resulting nonlinear dynamic optimization problem was solved using a sequential approach on a time window specifically tuned for the studied process. Despite the essentially isothermal operation conditions, obtained results show that inclusion of energy balance constraints allows for increase of information redundancy and, as a consequence, for computation of better parameter estimates than the ones obtained when the energy balance constraints are not considered (Prata et al., 2005). Examples indicate that the proposed technique can be used very effectively for monitoring of polymer quality and identification of process malfunctions in real time even when laboratory analyses are scarce. [source] Claims firm overpays tens of millions,and then gets most of it backALTERNATIVES TO THE HIGH COST OF LITIGATION, Issue 2 2008Russ Bleemer A Brooklyn, N.Y. federal court judge presides over a claims resolution facility that he had ordered to retrieve nearly $60 million in misdirected payments. A negotiation-style conference in the middle of the courtroom retraced the steps of the missing money, and how most of it had been returned in less than a month. Also: Italian law officially changes to allow class actions, providing for an "ADR Chamber of Reconciliation" to hash out payments. [source] Structures and processes in intermediary nongovernmental organizations: Research evidence from Northern IrelandNONPROFIT MANAGEMENT & LEADERSHIP, Issue 4 2005John M. Bruton This article reports the results of an exploratory study of the organizational characteristics, functions, and roles of intermediary nonprofit organizations selected by the European Union to deliver global grant funding in relation to its Special Support Programme for Peace and Reconciliation in Northern Ireland. The results show that the main factor for determining organizational processes is the need to respond to conflicting pressures from two directions: upward to funding agencies and downward to community groups. This produces contradictory demands that are imported into the organizations as a set of internal tensions. The different structures and capabilities developed by the organizations to maintain unity and integrity in response to these tensions are explored and related to differences in the perceived role of the organizations. [source] The Chicago Intellectual Property Rights Tradition and the Reconciliation of Coase and HayekAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Article first published online: 20 JAN 2010, Laurence Moss First page of article [source] 5.,The Project of Reconciliation and the Road to Redemption: Hegel's Social Philosophy and Nietzsche's CritiqueAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2009Steven V. Hicks Arthur Schopenhauer once observed: "A Philosophy in between the pages of which one does not hear the tears, the weeping and gnashing of teeth and the terrible din of mutual universal murder is no [genuine] philosophy."1 Certainly, the unforgettable events of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, which bear the names Auschwitz, Hiroshima, Rwanda, and Darfur, pose a challenge for philosophical thinking to prove itself equal to what emerges from these horrific events. To that end, my paper looks back to the philosophies of G. W. F. Hegel and Friedrich Nietzsche,in particular to their vision of a social reconciliation and cultural redemption,as a source of inspiration in our efforts to meet the challenges posed for a philosophy of the future by the global scale of violence, human suffering, and alienation. In what follows, I first offer a comparative analysis of Hegel's "project of reconciliation" with Nietzsche's "project of redemption." I then consider whether or not either philosopher can provide us with a coherent and attractive ethical/sociopolitical alternative for our postmodern world,a world still characterized by global violence, injustice, genocide, ecological degradation, and the prospect of nuclear annihilation. [source] Reconciliation in Londonderry: The Challenges and Constraints Experienced by Protestant ClergyPEACE & CHANGE, Issue 4 2006Neil Southern Northern Ireland is a place that is more peaceful due principally to the cessation (although imperfect) of republican and loyalist paramilitary violence in 1994. While the violent excesses of ethnic dispute in Northern Ireland no longer saturate media reports, there remains much fear, distrust, and insecurity between Protestant and Catholic communities. This article conducts a microexamination of church-led attempts at cross-community reconciliation by Protestant clergy in the city of Londonderry. These attempts are often hampered because of factors that affect both the clergy and the wider Protestant community within which the clergy discharge their pastoral duties. The constraints in their ecumenical activity and interfaith contacts that Protestant clergy experience highlight other factors that hinder the evolution of a more peaceful society. It also causes one to reflect carefully upon the effectiveness of ecumenism and interfaith dialogue as a model for advancing society towards peace and reconciliation. The findings of this paper are based upon a qualitative methodology that involved eight semistructured interviews with clergy of the Church of Ireland, Presbyterian, and Methodist traditions. [source] Everyday Harm: Domestic Violence, Court Rites, and Cultures of Reconciliation by Mindie Lazarus-BlackPOLAR: POLITICAL AND LEGAL ANTHROPOLOGY REVIEW, Issue 1 2010Aisha Khan First page of article [source] Enhancing Controller Performance via Dynamic Data ReconciliationTHE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 3 2005Shuanghua Bai Abstract Measured values of process variables are subject to measurement noise. The presence of measurement noise can result in detuned controllers in order to prevent excessive adjustments of manipulated variables. Digital filters, such as exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) and moving average (MA) filters, are commonly used to attenuate measurement noise before controllers. In this article, we present another approach, a dynamic data reconciliation (DDR) filter. This filter employs discrete dynamic models that can be phenomenological or empirical, as constraints in reconciling noisy measurements. Simulation results for a storage tank and a distillation column under PI control demonstrate that the DDR filter can significantly reduce propagation of measurement noise inside control loops. It has better performance than the EWMA and MA filters, so that the overall performance of the control system is enhanced. Les valeurs mesurées des variables de procédé sont affectées par les bruits de mesure. La présence de bruit de mesure force de régler à la baisse les régulateurs afin de prévenir des mouvements excessifs des variables manipulées. Des filtres numériques, tels que les filtres à moyenne mobile pondérée exponentiellement (EWMA) et les filtres à moyenne mobile (MA), sont communément utilisés pour atténuer le bruit de mesure avant les régulateurs. On présente dans cet article une autre approche, soit un filtre dynamique de réconciliation de données (DDR). Ce filtre emploie des modèles dynamiques discrets qui peuvent être phénoménologiques ou empiriques comme contraintes pour réconcilier les mesures bruitées. Les résultats de simulation pour un réservoir de stockage et une colonne à distiller utilisant un régulateur PI montrent que le filtre DDR peut réduire de manière significative la propagation du bruit de mesure dans les boucles de régulation. Sa performance est meilleure que celles des filtres EWMA ou MA, et par conséquent la performance globale du système de commande s'en trouve accrue. [source] Does Truth Lead to Reconciliation?AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, Issue 2 2004Reconciliation Process, Testing the Causal Assumptions of the South African Truth Throughout the world, truth commissions have been created under the assumption that getting people to understand the past will somehow contribute to reconciliation between those who were enemies under the ancien regime. In South Africa, the truth and reconciliation process is explicitly based on the hypothesis that knowledge of the past will lead to acceptance, tolerance, and reconciliation in the future. My purpose here is to test that hypothesis, based on data collected in a 2001 survey of over 3,700 South Africans. My most important finding is that those who accept the "truth" about the country's apartheid past are more likely to hold reconciled racial attitudes. Racial reconciliation also depends to a considerable degree on interracial contact, evidence that adds weight to the "contact hypothesis" investigated by western social scientists. Ultimately, these findings are hopeful for South Africa's democratic transition, since racial attitudes seem not to be intransigent. [source] Feature: The Price of Reconciliation: Part-Time Work, Families and Women's Satisfaction,THE ECONOMIC JOURNAL, Issue 526 2008Mary Gregory While the gender pay gap has been narrowing for women in full-time jobs the pay penalty for the 40% of women who work part-time has risen, reflecting the growing polarisation of part-time jobs in low-wage occupations. A further dimension is that women often experience downgrading from higher-skill full-time into lower-skill part-time occupations. As women reorganise their working lives around the presence of children their reported hours and job satisfaction are highest in part-time work, but life-satisfaction is scarcely affected by hours of work. This Feature explores these issues and their challenge for economic efficiency as well as gender equity. [source] Nelson Mandela and Desmond Tutu: Living Icons of ReconciliationTHE ECUMENICAL REVIEW, Issue 4 2003B.J. de Klerk First page of article [source] Jacob's Tears: The Priestly Work of Reconciliation.THE HEYTHROP JOURNAL, Issue 6 2009By Mary Douglas No abstract is available for this article. [source] To Rwanda and Back: Liberation Spirituality and Reconciliation.THE HEYTHROP JOURNAL, Issue 3 2008By Mary Grey No abstract is available for this article. [source] Reconciliation in captive cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus), a cooperative breeding primateAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 11 2009Laura Peñate Abstract Reconciliation has been demonstrated in all primate species in which the phenomenon has been studied. However, reconciliation has been studied in only two species of callitrichids, and conclusions remain controversial. The first aim of this study has been to find out whether captive cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) reconcile, since this is the first such study on this species. We examined 227 conflicts in three family groups (N=19). Instances in which individuals remained together in t=0 (29; 12.8%) were not analyzed. The cotton-top tamarins showed heightened affiliation between opponents in the postconflict periods (PC) compared with matched control (MC) periods (39.88±5.12% and 3.18±1.27%, respectively), with a corrected conciliatory tendency of 37.17±5.37%, and a "time window" that included the first 180,sec of the PC period. Former opponents were the most likely recipient of affiliative behaviors during the PC periods: 39.83±4.26% vs. 11.36±5.33% during MC periods. The proportion of attracted pairs (47.13±6.25%) was significantly higher than those of dispersed pairs for male,male conflicts (3.79±1.79), but not for male,female conflicts (27.31±9.32 and 4.82±2.9, respectively). In cooperative-breeding species, specific sex-class dyads might differ in how they resolve conflicts. Am. J. Primatol. 71:895,900, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||