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Recognition
Kinds of Recognition Terms modified by Recognition Selected AbstractsKIN-BASED RECOGNITION AND SOCIAL AGGREGATION IN A CILIATEEVOLUTION, Issue 5 2010Alexis S. Chaine Aggregative groups entail costs that must be overcome for the evolution of complex social interactions. Understanding the mechanisms that allow aggregations to form and restrict costs of cheating can provide a resolution to the instability of social evolution. Aggregation in Tetrahymena thermophila is associated with costs of reduced growth and benefits of improved survival through "growth factor" exchange. We investigated what mechanisms contribute to stable cooperative aggregation in the face of potential exploitation by less-cooperative lines using experimental microcosms. We found that kin recognition modulates aggregative behavior to exclude cheaters from social interactions. Long-distance kin recognition across patches modulates social structure by allowing recruitment of kin in aggregative lines and repulsion in asocial lines. Although previous studies have shown a clear benefit to social aggregation at low population densities, we found that social aggregation has very different effects at higher densities. Lower growth rates are a cost of aggregation, but also present potential benefits when restricted to kin aggregations: slow growth and crowd tolerance allow aggregations to form and permit longer persistence on ephemeral resources. Thus in highly dynamic metapopulations, kin recognition plays an important role in the formation and stability of social groups that increase persistence through cooperative consumptive restraint. [source] SIMULATING RANGE EXPANSION: MALE SPECIES RECOGNITION AND LOSS OF PREMATING ISOLATION IN DAMSELFLIESEVOLUTION, Issue 1 2010Maren Wellenreuther Prolonged periods of allopatry might result in loss of the ability to discriminate against other formerly sympatric species, and can lead to heterospecific matings and hybridization upon secondary contact. Loss of premating isolation during prolonged allopatry can operate in the opposite direction of reinforcement, but has until now been little explored. We investigated how premating isolation between two closely related damselfly species, Calopteryx splendens and C. virgo, might be affected by the expected future northward range expansion of C. splendens into the allopatric zone of C. virgo in northern Scandinavia. We simulated the expected secondary contact by presenting C. splendens females to C. virgo males in the northern allopatric populations in Finland. Premating isolation toward C. splendens in northern allopatric populations was compared to sympatric populations in southern Finland and southern Sweden. Male courtship responses of C. virgo toward conspecific females showed limited geographic variation, however, courtship attempts toward heterospecific C. splendens females increased significantly from sympatry to allopatry. Our results suggest that allopatric C. virgo males have partly lost their ability to discriminate against heterospecific females. Reduced premating isolation in allopatry might lead to increased heterospecific matings between taxa that are currently expanding and shifting their ranges in response to climate change. [source] ON THE EVOLUTION OF HARMING AND RECOGNITION IN FINITE PANMICTIC AND INFINITE STRUCTURED POPULATIONSEVOLUTION, Issue 11 2009Laurent Lehmann Natural selection may favor two very different types of social behaviors that have costs in vital rates (fecundity and/or survival) to the actor: helping behaviors, which increase the vital rates of recipients, and harming behaviors, which reduce the vital rates of recipients. Although social evolutionary theory has mainly dealt with helping behaviors, competition for limited resources creates ecological conditions in which an actor may benefit from expressing behaviors that reduce the vital rates of neighbors. This may occur if the reduction in vital rates decreases the intensity of competition experienced by the actor or that experienced by its offspring. Here, we explore the joint evolution of neutral recognition markers and marker-based costly conditional harming whereby actors express harming, conditional on actor and recipient bearing different conspicuous markers. We do so for two complementary demographic scenarios: finite panmictic and infinite structured populations. We find that marker-based conditional harming can evolve under a large range of recombination rates and group sizes under both finite panmictic and infinite structured populations. A direct comparison with results for the evolution of marker-based conditional helping reveals that, if everything else is equal, marker-based conditional harming is often more likely to evolve than marker-based conditional helping. [source] PROMPT RECOGNITION AND TREATMENT IN TRAUMATIC RETRO-ORBITAL HEMATOMA IN ANTICOAGULATED ELDERLY PEOPLE CAN SAVE SIGHTJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 3 2009Mark Scott MB ChB No abstract is available for this article. [source] THE CRUCIFIXION AS REALISATION OF IDENTITY: THE GIFT OF RECOGNITION AND REPRESENTATIONMODERN THEOLOGY, Issue 2 2006JAN-OLAV HENRIKSEN This essay approaches the complex structure of the Christian's identity from the perspective of the crucifixion of Christ. Central to this approach are the concepts of recognition and representation, which are employed to clarify presuppositions of Christian identity that can be seen as theologically and philosophically prior to the doctrinal conceptions of reconciliation and atonement. The cross can be seen as a gift only if it is simultaneously conceived of as a possibility for receiving a new identity through the recognition of God both as the other represented and representing the human on the cross. On the basis of recognition and representation, implications concerning the more doctrinal formulation of Christology, anthropology and soteriology are spelled out. [source] PATTERN RECOGNITION VIA ROBUST SMOOTHING WITH APPLICATION TO LASER DATAAUSTRALIAN & NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF STATISTICS, Issue 2 2007Carlo Grillenzoni Summary Nowadays airborne laser scanning is used in many territorial studies, providing point data which may contain strong discontinuities. Motivated by the need to interpolate such data and preserve their edges, this paper considers robust nonparametric smoothers. These estimators, when implemented with bounded loss functions, have suitable jump-preserving properties. Iterative algorithms are developed here, and are equivalent to nonlinear M-smoothers, but have the advantage of resembling the linear Kernel regression. The selection of their coefficients is carried out by combining cross-validation and robust-tuning techniques. Two real case studies and a simulation experiment confirm the validity of the method; in particular, the performance in building recognition is excellent. [source] RURAL NURSE PRACTITIONERS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA: RECOGNITION FOR REGISTERED NURSES ALREADY FULFILLING THE ROLEAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH, Issue 1 2004Judy Bagg ABSTRACT:The introduction of the nurse practitioner role is hailed as a new initiative in the South Australian public health system. In reality, some registered nurses working in rural public health care facilities have been practicing in the role for many years. The role of the rural registered nurse, the pathway towards achieving rural nurse practitioner status and the anticipated advantages of implementing the rural nurse practitioner role will be presented. [source] PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS: THE ETHICS OF RECOGNITION, RESPONSIBILITY, AND RESPECTBIOETHICS, Issue 9 2009MATTI HÄYRY ABSTRACT Ethics can be understood as a code of behaviour or as the study of codes of behaviour. While the mission of the International Association of Bioethics is a scholarly examination of moral issues in health care and the biological sciences, many people in the field believe that it is also their task to create new and better codes of practice. Both ways of doing bioethics are sound, but it is important to be aware of the distinction. In this paper, I will study the sources and aims of ethics and suggest a code of conduct for bioethicists based on recognition, responsibility, and respect. [source] Mapping the Feminist Imagination:From Redistribution to Recognition to RepresentationCONSTELLATIONS: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRITICAL AND DEMOCRATIC THEORY, Issue 3 2005Nancy Fraser First page of article [source] Accounting Recognition, Moral Hazard, and Communication,CONTEMPORARY ACCOUNTING RESEARCH, Issue 3 2000PIERRE JINGHONG LIANG Abstract Two complementary sources of information are studied in a multiperiod agency model. One is an accounting source that partially but credibly conveys the agent's private information through accounting recognition. The other is an unverified communication by the agent (i.e., a self-report). In a simple setting with no communication, alternative labor market frictions lead to alternative optimal recognition policies. When the agent is allowed to communicate his or her private information, accounting signals serve as a veracity check on the agent's self-report. Finally, such communication sometimes makes delaying the recognition optimal. We see contracting and confirmatory roles of accounting as its comparative advantage. As a source of information, accounting is valuable because accounting reports are credible, comprehensive, and subject to careful and professional judgement. While other information sources may be more timely in providing valuation information about an entity, audited accounting information, when used in explicit or implicit contracts, ensures the accuracy of the reports from nonaccounting sources. [source] The significance of protective factors in the assessment of riskCRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH, Issue 1 2010Charlotte E. Rennie Background,Few studies have explored protective factors in the assessment of risk, despite acknowledgement that protective factors may play an important role. Aim,To examine the significance of protective factors in assessment of risk using the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY). Method,The SAVRY was completed on 135 male adolescents in custody in the UK. Data on previous offending and childhood psychopathology were collected. Participants were prospectively followed up at 12 months using data from the Home Office Police National Computer (HOPNC). Results,Participants with protective factors were older when first arrested, were less prolific offenders and had fewer psychopathological problems. The number of protective factors present was significantly higher for participants who did not re-offend during the follow-up. The total number of SAVRY protective factors significantly predicted desistance at follow-up and resilient personality traits constituted the only significant individual protective factor. Conclusions and implications,Protective factors might buffer the effects of risk factors and a resilient personality may be crucial. Recognition of protective factors should be an essential part of the risk management process and for interventions with high-risk adolescents to reduce re-offending. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Escalation: The Role of Problem Recognition and Cognitive BiasDECISION SCIENCES, Issue 3 2007Mark Keil ABSTRACT Escalation of commitment to a failing course of action is an enduring problem that remains central to the study of managerial behavior. Prior research suggests that escalation behavior results when decision makers choose to ignore negative feedback concerning the viability of a previously chosen course of action. Previous work has also suggested that certain cognitive biases might promote escalation behavior, but there has been little attempt to explore how biases other than framing affect escalation. In this article, we explore the extent to which decision makers actually perceive negative feedback as indicative of a problem and how this influences their decision to escalate. Although problem recognition and cognitive biases have been intensively studied individually, little is known about their effect on escalation behavior. In this research, we construct and test an escalation decision model that incorporates both problem recognition and two cognitive biases: selective perception and illusion of control. Our results revealed a significant inverse relationship between problem recognition and escalation. Furthermore, selective perception and illusion of control were found to significantly affect both problem recognition and escalation. The implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed. To improve problem recognition and reduce the incidence of escalation, practicing managers should implement modern project management practices that can help to identify and highlight potential problems while guarding against these two key cognitive biases that promote the behavior. [source] Recognition of depressive symptoms in the elderly: What can help the patient and the doctorDEPRESSION AND ANXIETY, Issue 3 2002Ioannis A. Parashos M.D. Abstract The general public heavily underrecognizes depression and depressive symptoms. This underrecognition is more pronounced among elderly people, and this study is an initial attempt to quantify the problem in a Greek elderly sample. Additionally the authors attempt to identify patient-related factors, which can assist a subject to recognize the depressive symptoms and the general practitioner to note their existence. Members of senior citizen centers (n = 682) participated in presentations about "depression in the elderly" and completed a questionnaire including the GDS-4 scale, four questions concerning depression risk factors and a question concerning a recent visit to a physician for depressive symptoms. Amongst those participating, 35.8% presented depressive symptoms (GDS-4 , 2). The calculated rate for recognition of depression in the studied population was very low (17.3%). Patients with depressive symptoms were more often females and had a higher proportion of past history of depression and a lack of social support. Patients with a past history of depression and more severe forms of illness consulted a doctor more frequently. Finally, subjects suffering from depressive symptoms and comorbid medical illness were characterized by a higher proportion of past history, lack of support, and existence of multiple risk factors. The authors propose that the inclusion in public campaigns of activities with an experiential dimension, e.g., patient videos and the use of a very simple screening tool, such as the GDS-4 scale by general practitioners (GP), could be helpful in improving the recognition of depressive symptoms by the patient and his/her relatives and its diagnosis by the doctor. This proposition awaits formal proof in future studies. Depression and Anxiety 15:111,116, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Identifying target groups for the prevention of anxiety disorders in the general populationACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 1 2010N. M. Batelaan Batelaan NM, Smit F, de Graaf R, van Balkom AJLM, Vollebergh WAM, Beekman ATF. Identifying target groups for the prevention of anxiety disorders in the general population. Objective:, To avert the public health consequences of anxiety disorders, prevention of their onset and recurrence is necessary. Recent studies have shown that prevention is effective. To maximize the health gain and minimize the effort, preventive strategies should focus on high-risk groups. Method:, Using data from a large prospective national survey, high-risk groups were selected for i) the prevention of first ever (n = 4437) and ii) either first-ever or recurrent incident anxiety disorders (n = 4886). Indices used were: exposure rate, odds ratio, population attributable fraction and number needed to be treated. Risk indicators included sociodemographic, psychological and illness-related factors. Results:, Recognition of a few patient characteristics enables efficient identification of high-risk groups: (subthreshold) panic attacks; an affective disorder; a history of depressed mood; a prior anxiety disorder; chronic somatic illnesses and low mastery. Conclusion:, Preventive efforts should be undertaken in the selected high-risk groups. [source] Decision Factors and the Recognition of Medical Specialty in Patients Receiving Cosmetic Laser and Intense Pulsed Light TreatmentDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 12 2007TIEN-YI TZUNG MD BACKGROUND In addition to dermatologists and plastic surgeons, physicians of other medical specialties also provide cosmetic laser and light treatment. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the major decision factors in patients who received cosmetic laser or intense pulsed light treatment and how they perceived different medical specialties in providing such services. METHODS The method of factor analysis was adopted to extract the common characteristics (major decision factors) from a list of 17 items patients would regard as important when they planned to receive laser and intense pulsed light treatment. In addition, the level of recognition of different medical specialties in cosmetic patients was indirectly forecast using an analytic hierarchy process. RESULTS Medical competence (0.3296) was the most important decision factor, followed by recommendation (0.2198), friendliness (0.1350), cost (0.1307), complete service (0.0984), and the physical attributes of the physician (0.0865). Dermatologists and plastic surgeons outscored cosmetic practitioners in five factors except for cost, in which the plastic surgeons were weakest. CONCLUSION Medical competence and recommendation are the core issues for cosmetic patients. Dermatologists and plastic surgeons gain better overall recognition than physicians of other medical specialties in cosmetic patients. [source] Conditional Belonging: Farm Workers and the Cultural Politics of Recognition in ZimbabweDEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE, Issue 1 2008Blair Rutherford ABSTRACT This article examines Zimbabwean land politics and the study of rural interventions, including agrarian reform, more broadly, using the analytical framework of territorialized ,modes of belonging' and their ,cultural politics of recognition'. Modes of belonging are the routinized discourses, social practices and institutional arrangements through which people make claims for resources and rights, the ways through which they become ,incorporated' in particular places. In these spatialized forms of power and authority, particular cultural politics of recognition operate; these are the cultural styles of interaction that become privileged as proper forms of decorum and morality informing dependencies and interdependencies. The author traces a hegemonic mode of belonging identified as ,domestic government', put in place on European farms in Zimbabwe's colonial period, and shows how it was shaped by particular political and economic conjunctures in the first twenty years of Independence after 1980. Domestic government provided a conditional belonging for farm workers in terms of claims to limited resources on commercial farms while positioning them in a way that made them marginal citizens in the nation at large. This is the context for the behaviour of land-giving authorities which have actively discriminated against farm workers during the politicized and violent land redistribution processes that began in 2000. Most former farm workers are now seeking other forms of dependencies, typically more precarious and generating fewer resources and services than they had accessed on commercial farms, with their own particular cultural politics of recognition, often tied to demonstrating support to the ruling political party. [source] ,Best Practice' Options for the Legal Recognition of Customary TenureDEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE, Issue 3 2005Daniel Fitzpatrick Is there a ,best practice' model for the legal recognition of customary tenure? If not, is it possible to identify the circumstances in which a particular model would be most appropriate? This article considers these questions in the light of economic theories of property rights, particularly as illustrated by the World Bank's 2003 land policy report. While these theories have their flaws, the underlying concept of tenure security allows a typological framework for developing legal responses to customary tenure. In particular, this article suggests that the nature and degree of State legal intervention in a customary land system should be determined by reference to the nature and causes of any tenure insecurity. This hypothesis is discussed by reference to a wide variety of legal examples from Africa, Papua New Guinea and the South Pacific. The objective is not to suggest that law determines resource governance outcomes in pluralist normative environments, but to improve the quality of legal interventions in order to assist customary groups to negotiate better forms of tenure security and access to resources. [source] Rights and Access to Plant Genetic Resources under India's New LawDEVELOPMENT POLICY REVIEW, Issue 4 2004Anitha Ramanna Recognition of ,Farmer's Rights' is an attempt by developing countries to evolve a counterclaim to breeders' Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) promoted under the TRIPs Agreement of the WTO. India is one of the first countries to have granted rights to both breeders and farmers under the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act, 2001. This multiple rights system aims to distribute rights equitably, but may pose the threat of an ,anticommons tragedy' i.e. too many parties independently possessing the right to exclude others from utilising a resource. If under-utilisation of plant genetic resources results, the Act will have negative consequences for sustaining crop productivity and for the welfare of the very farming communities it seeks to compensate. [source] Infants' long-term memory for a serial list: Recognition and reactivationDEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2001Michelle Gulya Abstract Serial lists contain information about item identity and item order. Using a task designed for nonverbal animals, we previously found that 3- and 6-month-olds exhibited a primacy effect after 24 hr, remembering both item identity and item order. Presently, we examined their memory of list information after longer delays. In Experiment 1, the serial-position curve reverted to a U-shape after 1 week at both ages, revealing that the common practice of attributing primacy and recency effects to long- and short-term memory, respectively, is flawed. In Experiment 2, a precuing procedure confirmed that 6-month-olds' memory still contained order information after 1 week, but 3-month-olds' reactivated memory contained none. Experiments 3A and 3B confirmed that increasing the complexity of information that was learned shortened the delay after which it could be retrieved. Testing infants after delays longer than have previously been used with animals or human adults sheds new light on an old phenomenon. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 38: 174,185, 2001 [source] Fine-needle aspiration biopsy findings in sclerosing polycystic adenosis of the parotid glandDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 7 2007Demet Etit M.D. Abstract Sclerosing polycystic adenosis (SPA) is a recently described, rare lesion of the salivary gland analogous to fibrocystic disease of the breast. Recognition of this benign entity is important since the differential diagnosis includes other more common benign and malignant salivary gland neoplasms, particularly mucoepidermoid carcinoma and tumors with cystic and oncocytic features. While the histomorphology of SPA is well documented, there is only one other cytologic description of SPA in the English-language literature. Here we describe the fine-needle aspiration biopsy findings in a case of SPA of the parotid gland in an 84-year-old woman. The aspirate was characterized by flat cohesive sheets of epithelial cells with moderate amounts of finely granular oncocytic cytoplasm and enlarged round nuclei with indistinct nucleoli. Some epithelial groups formed glandular structures with lumens, and the background contained small amounts of delicate mucoproteinaceous material. Occasional markedly vacuolated cells were present as well as many cells with apocrine change manifested by well-defined apical snouting. Familiarity with the cytomorphologic features of SPA, including its characteristic apocrine changes, is important for distinguishing it from other more clinically significant salivary gland lesions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:444,447. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Leiomyosarcoma of the breast: A difficult diagnosis on fine-needle aspiration biopsyDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 3 2003Xiao Jun Wei M.D. Abstract Leiomyosarcoma of the breast is rarely encountered in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytologic material. We report a case of primary leiomyosarcoma of the breast in a 52-yr-old female. Aspiration cytology showed large, dissociated round to spindle cells with abundant vacuolated cytoplasm, pleomorphic nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and occasional intranuclear cytoplasmic invaginations. Mitotic figures, osteoclast-like giant cells, and stromal fragments were identified. A diagnosis of malignant neoplasm representing either a sarcoma, a poorly differentiated carcinoma, or a metaplastic carcinoma was made. The patient underwent a wide excision of the lesion after negative work-up. Histologic examination and immunohistochemical studies established the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma. This case is presented here because we feel that, although FNA cytology with eventual ancillary studies is a valuable diagnostic tool to evaluate any breast mass, malignant spindle cell neoplasms of the breast still represent a diagnostic challenge for the cytopathologist. Recognition of all cytologic features of leiomyosarcoma may help to formulate a correct diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;29:172,178. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Cytology of the central zone of the prostateDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2003Lars Egevad M.D., Ph.D. Abstract The prostate has three anatomical regions: the peripheral, transition, and central zones (CZ). The CZ has distinct histological features, but its cytological morphology has not been described. This study was done on surgical specimens to ensure that samples were representative of the CZ, and that no prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) or cancer contaminated the smears. An incision was made in the CZ of 51 prostatectomy specimens, and cells were scraped from cut surfaces. After exclusion of samples contaminated by PIN or cancer or with poor cell yield, 39 Giemsa-stained smears remained for analysis. Large branching epithelial sheets with geographic architecture and crowded nuclei were seen in 97% of smears. Epithelial clusters with elongated palisaded nuclei were identified in 80% of cases, but were always a minor component. Visible nucleoli (97%), cytoplasmic vacuoles (97%), and smooth muscle cells in the background (95%) were common. Blue-green cytoplasmic granules resembling seminal vesicle pigment were seen in 97%. Magenta-colored cytoplasmic pigment, similar to granules seen in other regions of the prostate, was found in 74%. Recognition of CZ epithelium as a benign constituent of prostate cytology is important because elongated cells, crowded nuclei, and visible nucleoli may otherwise be misinterpreted as PIN or cancer. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:239,244. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Pseudallescheria: An underdiagnosed fungus?DIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 3 2001Ann E. Walts M.D. Abstract Pseudallescheria has been identified as one of the "clinically significant emerging mycoses" but has received little attention in the cytology literature. Recognition of this fungus is of particular importance clinically, because unlike most other fungi (including Aspergillus, with which it is most frequently confused), Pseudallescheria is not effectively treated with amphotericin B, the most frequently and often the only antifungal agent administered. Features helpful in the diagnosis of Pseudallescheria in cytologic material are presented. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2001;25:153,157. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The use of multivariate statistics to elucidate patterns of floodplain sedimentation at different spatial scalesEARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS, Issue 5 2007Martin C. Thoms Abstract Floodplains are depositional features of riverine landscapes that display complex sedimentation patterns that are amenable to multi-scale approaches. We examined sedimentation in the Lower Balonne floodplain, Queensland, Australia, at three different spatial scales: the channel (103 km), floodplain process zone (10 km) and geomorphic unit (102 m) scales, and compared scale-related patterns evident from stratigraphy with those evident from quantitative multivariate analysis. Three stratigraphic sequences were found in the Lower Balonne floodplain: generally fining upward, episodic fining upward, and mud-dominated. Stratigraphical analysis revealed the detailed character of sedimentary sequences embedded within the scale patterns derived from multivariate analysis. Multivariate statistical analyses of a range of textural and geochemical data revealed different patterns of floodplain sedimentation at each scale. At the channel scale, sediment texture and geochemistry were more heterogeneous in the Culgoa River than in Briarie Creek. At the floodplain process zone scale clear patterns of sediment texture and geochemistry were observed along the upper, mid and lower floodplain process zones of Briarie Creek, but not along the Culgoa River. At the geomorphic unit scale, clear patterns of sediment texture and geochemistry were observed among the bank, buried channel and flat floodplain units of the Culgoa River, but were not as clear in Briarie Creek. Recognition of rivers as hierarchically organized systems is an emerging paradigm in river science. Our study supports this paradigm by demonstrating that different sedimentation patterns occur at different scales to reveal a hierarchically organized floodplain environment. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Methemoglobinemia Following Transesophageal Echocardiography: A Case Report and ReviewECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Issue 4 2006Swarnalatha BheemReddy M.D. Benzocaine (ethyl aminobenzoate) is a topical anesthetic widely used for oropharyngeal anesthesia prior to transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Topical anesthetics have been reported to cause methemoglobinemia, but this adverse event is extremely rare and has not been listed as one of the possible complications of TEE. However, recently the number of published case reports of TEE-associated methemoglobinemia has increased. Since its first description in 1950, 65 cases of methemoglobinemia have been reported including a recent report of five cases from a single center. Physicians who are not familiar with the association of TEE with benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia may not recognize the idiosyncratic and often nonspecific characteristic of this condition. Recognition is critical, however, since left untreated methemoglobinemia can lead to cardiopulmonary compromise, neurological sequelae, and even death. The current report documents an additional case of TEE-associated methemoglobinemia from a high-volume (8000 cases /year including 400,450 TEE/year) echo lab. A review of the literature suggests that this complication may be more prevalent, than generally appreciated. This case report emphasizes the importance of appropriate dose, recognition, and the treatment of this entity to cardiologists performing TEE. [source] Toleration, Respect and Recognition: Some tensionsEDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AND THEORY, Issue 1 2010Mitja Sardo No abstract is available for this article. [source] Enantioselective Recognition of Aspartic Acids by Chiral Ligand Exchange PotentiometryELECTROANALYSIS, Issue 11 2004Yanxiu Zhou Abstract Enantioselective resolution is realized by combining potentiometry with ligand exchange (CE) in a new method called chiral ligand exchange potentiometry (CLEP). A chiral selector, N -carbobenzoxy- L -aspartic acid (N-CBZ-L-Asp), preferentially recognizes D -aspartic acid (D-Asp) and undergoes ligand exchange with the enantiomeric labile coordination complexes of [Cu(II)(D-Asp)2] or [Cu(II)(L-Asp)2] to form a diastereoisomeric complex [(D-Asp)Cu(II)(N-CBZ-L-Asp)] (a) or [(L-Asp)Cu(II)(N-CBZ-L-Asp)] (b). Considerable stereoselectivity occurs in the formation of these diastereoisomeric complexes, and their net charges were ,2 (a) and 0 (b), respectively, resulting in different Nernst factor (electrode slope), thus enabling chiral D-Asp to be distinguished by potentiometry without any pre- or postseparation processes. [source] Lysozyme as Pathogen-Recognition Protein in the Hemolymph of Galleria mellonellaENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2003In Hee LEE ABSTRACT Recognition of invading micro-organisms into hemolymph is a pivotal event for triggering diverse immune mechanisms in insects. It has been known that this recognition was mediated by the binding of hemolymph proteins to pattern-molecules on the cell surface of microbes. Recently, I found that the lysozyme in the G. mellonella hemolymph has binding affinity to cell-walls of Gram (-), (±) bacteria and fungus (Candida albicans). After the hemolymph was incubated with heat-killed microbes and treated with acidic buffer containing high concentration of NaCl, several plasma proteins detached from microbes were detected by reverse phase HPLC and SDS-PAGE analyses. Of binding proteins, it was assumed that the major one might be a lysozyme, which was previously characterized in the G. mellonella hemolymph. Furthermore immunoblot analysis performed with antiserum to G. mellonella lysozyme revealed that it was a lysozyme. [source] Spatial point-process statistics: concepts and application to the analysis of lead contamination in urban soil,ENVIRONMETRICS, Issue 4 2005Christian Walter Abstract This article explores the use of spatial point-process analysis as an aid to describe topsoil lead distribution in urban environments. The data used were collected in Glebe, an inner suburb of Sydney. The approach focuses on the locations of punctual events defining a point pattern, which can be statistically described through local intensity estimates and between-point distance functions. F -, G - and K -surfaces of a marked spatial point pattern were described and used to estimate nearest distance functions over a sliding band of quantiles belonging to the marking variable. This provided a continuous view of the point pattern properties as a function of the marking variable. Several random fields were simulated by selecting points from random, clustered or regular point processes and diffusing them. Recognition of the underlying point process using variograms derived from dense sampling was difficult because, structurally, the variograms were very similar. Point-event distance functions were useful complimentary tools that, in most cases, enabled clear recognition of the clustered processes. Spatial sampling quantile point pattern analysis was defined and applied to the Glebe data set. The analysis showed that the highest lead concentrations were strongly clustered. The comparison of this data set with the simulation confidence limits of a Poisson process, a short-radius clustered point process and a geostatistical simulation showed a random process for the third quartile of lead concentrations but strong clustering for the data in the upper quartile. Thus the distribution of topsoil lead concentrations over Glebe may have resulted from several contamination processes, mainly from regular or random processes with large diffusion ranges and short-range clustered processes for the hot spots. Point patterns with the same characteristics as the Glebe experimental pattern could be generated by separate additive geostatistical simulation. Spatial sampling quantile point patterns statistics can, in an easy and accurate way, be used complementarily with geostatistical methods. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Facial Emotion Recognition after Curative Nondominant Temporal Lobectomy in Patients with Mesial Temporal SclerosisEPILEPSIA, Issue 8 2006Shearwood McClelland III Summary:,Purpose: The right (nondominant) amygdala is crucial for processing facial emotion recognition (FER). Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) associated with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) often incur right amygdalar damage, resulting in impaired FER if TLE onset occurred before age 6 years. Consequently, early right mesiotemporal insult has been hypothesized to impair plasticity, resulting in FER deficits, whereas damage after age 5 years results in no deficit. The authors performed this study to test this hypothesis in a uniformly seizure-free postsurgical population. Methods: Controls (n = 10), early-onset patients (n = 7), and late-onset patients (n = 5) were recruited. All patients had nondominant anteromedial temporal lobectomy (AMTL), Wada-confirmed left-hemisphere language dominance and memory support, MTS on both preoperative MRI and biopsy, and were Engel class I 5 years postoperatively. By using a standardized (Ekman and Friesen) human face series, subjects were asked to match the affect of one of two faces to that of a simultaneously presented target face. Target faces expressed fear, anger, or happiness. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that the early-onset group had significantly impaired FER (measured by percentage of faces correct) for fear (p = 0.036), whereas the FER of the late-onset group for fear was comparable to that of controls. FER for anger and happiness was comparable across all three groups. Conclusions: Despite seizure control/freedom after AMTL, early TLE onset continues to impair FER for frightened expressions (but not for angry or happy expression), whereas late TLE onset does not impair FER, with no indication that AMTL resulted in FER impairment. These results indicate that proper development of the right amygdala is necessary for optimal fear recognition, with other neural processes unable to compensate for early amygdalar damage. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||