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Recreational Drugs (recreational + drug)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences45%
Chemistry36%

Terms modified by Recreational Drugs

  • recreational drug use
    		•

    Selected Abstracts

    Current Awareness in Drug Testing and Analysis

    DRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS, Issue 4 2010
    Article first published online: 1 APR 2010
    In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of drug testing and analysis. Each bibliography is divided into 18 sections: 1 Reviews; 2 Sports doping - General; 3 Steroids; 4 Peptides; 5 Diuretics; 6 CNS agents; 7 Equine; 8 Recreational drugs - General; 9 Stimulants; 10 Hallucinogens; 11 Narcotics; 12 Forensics; 13 Alcohol; 14 Tobacco; 15 Homeland security; 16 Workplace; 17 Product authenticity; 18 Techniques. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted. [source]

    Current Awareness in Drug Testing and Analysis

    DRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS, Issue 9-10 2009
    Article first published online: 22 DEC 200
    In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of drug testing and analysis. Each bibliography is divided into 18 sections: 1 Reviews; 2 Sports doping - General; 3 Steroids; 4 Peptides; 5 Diuretics; 6 CNS agents; 7 Equine; 8 Recreational drugs - General; 9 Stimulants; 10 Hallucinogens; 11 Narcotics; 12 Forensics; 13 Alcohol; 14 Tobacco; 15 Homeland security; 16 Workplace; 17 Product authenticity; 18 Techniques. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted. [source]

    Current Awareness in Drug Testing and Analysis

    DRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS, Issue 6 2009
    Article first published online: 7 OCT 200
    In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of drug testing and analysis. Each bibliography is divided into 18 sections: 1 Reviews; 2 Sports doping - General; 3 Steroids; 4 Peptides; 5 Diuretics; 6 CNS agents; 7 Equine; 8 Recreational drugs - General; 9 Stimulants; 10 Hallucinogens; 11 Narcotics; 12 Forensics; 13 Alcohol; 14 Tobacco; 15 Homeland security; 16 Workplace; 17 Product authenticity; 18 Techniques. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted. [source]

    Concurrent Detection of Heroin, Fentanyl, and Xylazine in Seven Drug-related Deaths Reported from the Philadelphia Medical Examiner's Office

    JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES, Issue 2 2008
    Stella C. Wong D.O.
    Abstract:, Recreational drugs, such as cocaine and heroin, are often adulterated with other pharmacological agents to either enhance or diminish the drug effects. Between April 21, 2006 and August 8, 2006, the Philadelphia Medical Examiner's Office detected xylazine (a veterinary sedative) and fentanyl (a synthetic opioid) in specimens taken from seven cases. Initial immunoassay screening was performed on urine and blood for fentanyl, opiate, cocaine, phencyclidine (PCP), and benzodiazepines. All tests reported positive were confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. All seven xylazine positive cases tested positive for fentanyl and six cases tested positive for 6-acetylmorphine (a metabolite and definitive marker for heroin). The seventh case was positive for morphine and had a history of heroin abuse. Xylazine was present in urine in all seven cases and blood levels were detected in three cases. The blood concentrations ranged from trace to 130 ng/mL. Fentanyl was present in the blood and urine in each case and blood concentrations ranged from 4.7 to 47 ng/mL. Adulteration of illicit drugs has become an epidemic health concern for drug users. Healthcare professionals need to be aware of this issue, so the patients can be treated in an effective, timely manner. [source]

    Interplay Between Endocannabinoids, Steroids and Cytokines in the Control of Human Reproduction

    JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 2008
    N. Battista
    The use of marijuana, which today is the most used recreational drug, has been demonstrated to affect adversely reproduction. Marijuana smokers, both men and women, show impaired fertility, owing to defective signalling pathways, aberrant hormonal regulation, or wrong timing during embryo implantation. Anandamide (N -arachidonoylethanolamine, AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) mimic ,9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive principle of Cannabis sativa, by binding to both the brain-type (CB1) and the spleen-type (CB2) cannabinoid receptors. These ,endocannabinoids' exert several actions either in the central nervous system or in peripheral tissues, and are metabolised by specific enzymes that synthesise or hydrolyse them. In this review, we shall describe the elements that constitute the endocannabinod system (ECS), in order to put in a better perspective the role of this system in the control of human fertility, both in females and males. In addition, we shall discuss the interplay between ECS, sex hormones and cytokines, which generates an endocannabinoid,hormone,cytokine array critically involved in the control of human reproduction. [source]

    "Whippets"-Induced Cobalamin Deficiency Manifesting as Cervical Myelopathy

    JOURNAL OF NEUROIMAGING, Issue 3 2004
    Alan L. Diamond
    ABSTRACT Background. Nitrous oxide (N O) is inhaled in anesthesia and as a recreational drug from whipped cream dispensers. Its abuse reaches ,10% in some age groups. By inactivating cobalamin (Cbl) (vitamin B12), N O can cause neurologic and hematologic manifestations. We present a case of N O-induced Cbl deficiency presenting as cervical myelopathy. Case History. After regularly inhaling N O for many months, a 31-year-old man developed limb paresthesiae and ataxia over 3 months. Examination revealed finger pseudoathetosis, hyporeflexia, decreased sensation, and gait ataxia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was normal, but the posterior columns of the cervical and upper thoracic cord revealed patchy nonenhancing hyperintense lesions. Serum Cbl was 98 pg/mL (normal = 170,900 pg/mL). Cbl replacement led to recovery within 3 months.Discussion. This patient presented with the symptoms and signs of Cbl deficiency. The MRI lesions in the posterior columns aided the diagnosis. Physicians need to have a high level of suspicion in cases of unexplained Cbl deficiency and myelopathy. [source]

    Managing young people with Type 1 diabetes in a ,rave' new world: metabolic complications of substance abuse in Type 1 diabetes

    DIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 4 2009
    P. Lee
    Abstract The taxing transition from adolescence towards adulthood intensifies the impact of a chronic illness such as Type 1 diabetes. It is not uncommon for young people with Type 1 diabetes to use recreational drugs for emotional relief to escape the day-to-day burden of chronic disease. Despite increasing use, especially in the setting of ,rave' parties, there is professional lack of understanding of the impact of recreational drug use on glycaemia and metabolic complications. The current review describes the prevalence of substance abuse in Type 1 diabetes and the acute impact of designer drugs on its management. We propose a practical approach to improve care of young people with Type 1 diabetes using designer drugs. [source]

    The rise of Viagra among British illicit drug users: 5-year survey data

    DRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW, Issue 2 2006
    JIM McCAMBRIDGE
    Abstract Viagra use among British nightclubbers, a sentinel population of illicit drug users, was first reported in 1999. There has since been little attention paid to the evolution of patterns of non-prescribed use, apart from among men who have sex with men. Beginning in 1999 an annual survey has been conducted with a specialist dance music magazine, permitting cross-sectional comparisons over time. Rising levels of lifetime and current use prevalence and data on patterns of both male and female use are reported, along with elevated prevalence levels among both gay men and women. Experimentation with Viagra appears increasingly to have become established among British nightclubbers who use recreational drugs. Ethnographic and epidemiological study and monitoring of adverse consequences is now needed to fully appreciate reasons for use and the extent of possible harms. [source]

    Survival of massive ,-hydroxybutyrate/ 1,4-butanediol overdose

    EMERGENCY MEDICINE AUSTRALASIA, Issue 3 2005
    Richard M Strickland
    Abstract Gamma-hydroxybutyrate and its metabolic precursors gamma butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol are widely used recreational drugs known to cause short periods of deep sedation with rapid recovery. We present a case of survival with good neurological outcome following massive ingestion in which the patient remained sedated for 14 h. [source]

    Relationships between cagA, vacA, and iceA genotypes of Helicobacter pylori and DNA damage in the gastric mucosa

    ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS, Issue 2 2004
    Marcelo S.P. Ladeira
    Abstract Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is believed to predispose carriers to gastric cancer by inducing chronic inflammation. The inflammatory processes may result in the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that damage DNA. In this study, we investigated the relationships between DNA damage in the gastric mucosa and cagA, vacA, and iceA genotypes of H. pylori. The study was conducted with biopsies from the gastric antrum and corpus of 98 H. pylori -infected and 26 uninfected control patients. H. pylori genotypes were determined by PCR and DNA damage was measured in gastric mucosal cells by the Comet assay (single cell gel electrophoresis). All patients were nonsmokers, not abusing alcohol, and not using prescription or recreational drugs. Levels of DNA damage were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in the H. pylori -infected patients than in uninfected patients. In comparison with the level of DNA damage in the uninfected controls, the extent of DNA damage in both the antrum (OR = 8.45; 95% CI = 2.33,37.72) and the corpus (OR = 6.55; 95% CI = 2.52,17.72) was related to infection by cagA+/vacAs1m1 and iceA1 strains. The results indicate that the genotype of H. pylori is related to the amount of DNA damage in the gastric mucosa. These genotypes could serve as biomarkers for the risk of extensive DNA damage and possibly gastric cancer. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 44:91,98, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

    Upregulation of Serotonin Transporter by Alcohol in Human Dendritic Cells: Possible Implication in Neuroimmune Deregulation

    ALCOHOLISM, Issue 10 2009
    Dakshayani Kadiyala Babu
    Background:, Alcohol is the most widely abused substance and its chronic consumption causes neurobehavioral disorders. It has been shown that alcohol affects the function of immune cells. Dendritic cells (DC) serve as the first line of defense against infections and are known to accumulate neurotransmitters such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). The enzyme monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) degrades 5-HT that is associated with clinical depression and other neurological disorders. 5-HT is selectively transported into neurons through the serotonin transporter (SERT), which is a member of the sodium- and chloride-dependent neurotransmitter transporter (SLC6) family. SERT also serves as a receptor for psychostimulant recreational drugs. It has been demonstrated that several drugs of abuse such as amphetamine and cocaine inhibit the SERT expression; however, the role of alcohol is yet to be elucidated. We hypothesize that alcohol can modulate SERT and MAO-A expression in DC, leading to reciprocal downregulation of 5-HT in extracellular medium. Methods:, Dendritic cells were treated with different concentrations (0.05% to 0.2%v/v) of alcohol for 24,72 hours and processed for SERT and MAO-A expression using Q-PCR and Western blots analysis. In addition, SERT function in DC treated with alcohol both in the presence and absence of imipramine, a SERT inhibitor was measured using 4-[4-(dimethylamino)styryl]-1-methylpyridinium iodide uptake assay. 5-HT levels in culture supernatant and intracellular 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid (5-HIAA) and cyclic AMP were also quantitated using ELISA. Results:, Dendritic cells treated with 0.1% alcohol for 24 hours showed significant upregulation of SERT and MAO-A expression compared with untreated DC. We also observed that 0.1% alcohol enhanced the function of SERT and decreased extracellular 5-HT levels compared with untreated DC cultures, and this was associated with the elevation of intracellular 5-HIAA and cyclic AMP levels. Conclusions:, Our study suggests that alcohol upregulates SERT and MAO-A by elevating cyclic AMP, which may lead to decreased concentration of 5-HT in the extracellular medium. As 5-HT is a major neurotransmitter and an inflammatory mediator, its alcohol-mediated depletion may cause both neurological and immunological deregulation. [source]