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Recipient Area (recipient + area)
Selected AbstractsThe bipedicled latissimus dorsi myocutaneous free flap: Clinical experience with 53 patientsMICROSURGERY, Issue 3 2010Mehmet Veli Karaaltin M.D. The Latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap is a valuable workhorse of the microsurgeon, especially in closing large body defects. One of the pitfalls in harvesting the flap, is particularly in its inferior aspect which may be unreliable. Here we report a series of 53 patients who were undergone bipedicled free latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous free flaps for extensive tissue defects. The age of patients were between 5 and 64 and all of them were males. The wound sizes in these patients ranged between 31,35 × 10,12 cm and flap dimensions were between 38,48 × 6,8 cm. Perforator branches of the 10th intercostal vessels were dissected and supercharged to the flaps to reduce the risk of ischemia of the inferior cutaneous extensions. The secondary pedicles were anastomosed to recipient vessels other than the primary pedicles. Recipient areas were consisted of lower extremities. Four patients suffered of early arterial failure in the major pedicle and all revisions were successfully attempted. Neither sign of venous congestion nor arterial insufficiency were observed at the inferior cutaneous extensions of the flaps, and all defects were reconstructed successfully. All donor sites were primarily closed, only two patients suffered from a minor area of superficial epidermal loss at the donor site, without suffering any adjunct complications. In conclusion coverage of large defects can be safely performed with extending the skin paddle of latissimus dorsi flap as a bipedicled free flap. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2010. [source] Effect of Graft Size, Angle, and Intergraft Distance on Dense Packing in Hair TransplantDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 6 2005Mohammed Alhaddab MD Background. The maximum number of hair grafts that can be safely implanted in 1 cm2 is still debatable. To our knowledge, no previous report has addressed this issue in three dimensions, taking into account the size, the angle of the graft, and the intergraft distance. Objectives. To study the effect of the size and angle of the graft and the intergraft distance on dense packing. Methods. Using a mathematical formula (the maximum number of hair grafts in 1 cm2 = 33 * cosine), the volume of the recipient area and the volume of the hair graft are calculated, assuming that the surface area of the recipient area is 1 cm2, the diameter of the hair graft is 1 mm, and the intergraft distance is 1.5 mm laterally and 1 mm anteriorly and posteriorly. Results. The maximum number of hair grafts that could be implanted in 1 cm2 at a 90 angle in relation to the skin surface is 33 grafts, at a 60 angle is 28 grafts, and at a 30 angle is 16 grafts. Conclusion. The maximum number of hair grafts that can be implanted in any given recipient area depends on the graft size, the angle or direction of these grafts, and the intergraft distance. Where more space is allowed between the grafts, and the more acute the angle, the fewer hair grafts that can be implanted. [source] Recipient Area Hair Direction and Angle in Hair TransplantingDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 6 2004Walter P. Unger MD Background. A variety of recommendations for creating "natural" hair directions and angles in hair transplanting have been described. Objective. A method of accomplishing that goal is outlined. Methods. Hair direction and angle are determined by multiple partings of the hair during the course of making recipient sites. Incisions are made to mimic such directions and angles. The direction is usually somewhat coronal and the use of grafts containing more than one follicular unit is particularly advantageous in producing a denser appearance. Results. If the above technique is employed, one does not accelerate the rate at which existing hair in the recipient area is lost and the hair flows in a natural easy to manage fashion. Conclusion. Surgeons should nearly always mimic the scalp hair directions and angles seen in nature. [source] Suction Device for Epidermal Grafting in Vitiligo: Employing a Syringe and a Manometer to Provide an Adequate Negative PressureDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 7 2000Han-uk Kim MD Background. Suction devices for epidermal grafting need a suction pump to provide a negative pressure. The authors have developed a suction device in which a syringe and a manometer are employed to provide a negative pressure. Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of our suction device in vitiligo patients. Methods. The suction device was used to obtain epidermal blisters from the donor site. A CO2 laser was employed to remove the depigmented epidermis. The blister roofs of the donor site were harvested and were placed onto the recipient area. Ten patients with stable vitiligo were treated by epidermal grafting. Results. Epidermal blisters were produced by suction in all patients. Also, all 10 patients regained repigmentation. Conclusion. Our suction blister device is simple and inexpensive to make, and it may become an alternative to the other suction devices. [source] Neuronal activity in the subthalamic nucleus modulates the release of dopamine in the monkey striatumEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 1 2009Yasushi Shimo Abstract The primate subthalamic nucleus (STN) is commonly seen as a relay nucleus between the external and internal pallidal segments, and as an input station for cortical and thalamic information into the basal ganglia. In rodents, STN activity is also known to influence neuronal activity in the dopaminergic substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) through inhibitory and excitatory mono- and polysynaptic pathways. Although the anatomical connections between STN and SNc are not entirely the same in primates as in rodents, the electrophysiologic and microdialysis experiments presented here show directly that this functional interaction can also be demonstrated in primates. In three Rhesus monkeys, extracellular recordings from SNc during microinjections into the STN revealed that transient pharmacologic activation of the STN by the acetylcholine receptor agonist carbachol substantially increased burst firing of single nigral neurons. Transient inactivation of the STN with microinjections of the GABA-A receptor agonist muscimol had the opposite effect. While the firing rates of individual SNc neurons changed in response to the activation or inactivation of the STN, these changes were not consistent across the entire population of SNc cells. Permanent lesions of the STN, produced in two animals with the fiber-sparing neurotoxin ibotenic acid, reduced burst firing and firing rates of SNc neurons, and substantially decreased dopamine levels in the primary recipient area of SNc projections, the striatum, as measured with microdialysis. These results suggest that activity in the primate SNc is prominently influenced by neuronal discharge in the STN, which may thus alter dopamine release in the striatum. [source] Preferences of the Ponto-Caspian amphipod Dikerogammarus haemobaphes for living zebra musselsJOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY, Issue 3 2009J. Kobak Abstract A Ponto-Caspian amphipod Dikerogammarus haemobaphes has recently invaded European waters. In the recipient area, it encountered Dreissena polymorpha, a habitat-forming bivalve, co-occurring with the gammarids in their native range. We assumed that interspecific interactions between these two species, which could develop during their long-term co-evolution, may affect the gammarid behaviour in novel areas. We examined the gammarid ability to select a habitat containing living mussels and searched for cues used in that selection. We hypothesized that they may respond to such traits of a living mussel as byssal threads, activity (e.g. valve movements, filtration) and/or shell surface properties. We conducted the pairwise habitat-choice experiments in which we offered various objects to single gammarids in the following combinations: (1) living mussels versus empty shells (the general effect of living Dreissena); (2) living mussels versus shells with added byssal threads and shells with byssus versus shells without it (the effect of byssus); (3) living mussels versus shells, both coated with nail varnish to neutralize the shell surface (the effect of mussel activity); (4) varnished versus clean living mussels (the effect of shell surface); (5) varnished versus clean stones (the effect of varnish). We checked the gammarid positions in the experimental tanks after 24 h. The gammarids preferred clean living mussels over clean shells, regardless of the presence of byssal threads under the latter. They responded to the shell surface, exhibiting preferences for clean mussels over varnished individuals. They were neither affected by the presence of byssus nor by mussel activity. The ability to detect and actively select zebra mussel habitats may be beneficial for D. haemobaphes and help it establish stable populations in newly invaded areas. [source] | |||||||||||||