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Reactive Airway Disease (reactive + airway_disease)
Selected AbstractsAn unusual dematiaceous fungal infection of the skin caused by Fonsecaea pedrosoi: a case report and review of the literatureJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2003Sate H. Hamza Background:, A case of an unusual dematiaceous fungal infection of the skin in a 43-year-old man with diabetes mellitus treated with steroids for reactive airway disease is presented. He developed chromoblastomycosis in the left wrist and was treated with antifungals and multiple surgical excisions. Results:, Histologic examination of the excised tissue revealed widespread suppurative granulomatous inflammation in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Thick-walled internally septated brown fungal cells were found both inside multinucleated giant cells and extracellularly. Non-to-lightly pigmented septate hyphal elements, however, were also identified with special stains and, in retrospect, on one of the routinely stained sections. In culture, the organism was reported to initially grow as soft white colonies that soon turned to black and velvety. Conclusions:, The two unusual features of this case include the controversial report of the organism's initial growth in culture as soft white colonies and the presence of hyphal elements in addition to the sclerotic bodies in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. This has not been reported before in human cases of dermal infection by Fonsecaea pedrosoi. [source] Risk factors of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children with wheezing-associated respiratory infectionPEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY, Issue 1 2005Sitthivuddhi Futrakul MD Abstract The objectives of this study were to identify possible risk factors of bronchial hyperesponsiveness (BHR) in children up to 5 years of age with wheezing-associated respiratory infection (WARI), and to study the prevalence of BHR. Children up to 5 years of age with WARI were enrolled in the study. The parents or caregivers of children were asked about their demographic data and clinical histories. Physical examination and clinical score assessment were performed. Pulmonary function tests, i.e., tidal breathing flow volume (TBFV), were performed to measure tidal breathing parameters before and after salbutamol nebulization. If volume at peak tidal expiratory flow/expiratory tidal volume and time to peak expiratory flow/total expiratory time increased ,20%, or tidal expiratory flow at 25% of tidal volume/peak tidal expiratory flow increased ,20% after nebulization therapy, BHR was diagnosed. The number in the positive BHR group was used to calculate the prevalence of BHR, and clinical features were compared with those of the negative BHR group. Categorical data were analyzed for statistical significance (P,<,0.05) by chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, or Student's t -test, as appropriate. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for those with statistical significance. One hundred and six wheezing children underwent pulmonary function tests before and after salbutamol nebulization. With the aforementioned criteria, 41 cases (38.7%) were diagnosed with BHR. History of reactive airway disease, (OR, 6.31; 95% CI, 1.68,25), maternal history of asthma (OR, 3.45; 95% CI, 1.34,9), breastfeeding less than 3 months (OR, 3.18; 95% CI, 1.26,8.12), and passive smoking (OR, 3; 95% CI, 1.15,7.62) were significant risk factors of BHR. The eosinophil count was significantly higher in the BHR (+) group particularly, in children 1,5 years of age (P,,,0.01). Patchy infiltrates were more commonly found in patients with negative BHR but not statistically significant. In conclusion, a history of reactive airway disease, maternal history, breastfeeding less than 3 months, and passive smoking were significant risk factors for BHR. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Montelukast does not prevent reactive airway disease in young children hospitalized for RSV bronchiolitisACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 11 2009M Proesmans Abstract Aim:, To evaluate the long-term effect of montelukast on symptoms of cough and wheeze following RSV bronchiolitis. Methods:, Fifty eight patients (aged , 24 months) hospitalized with a first episode of RSV bronchiolitis were enrolled in this double blind prospective randomized trial comparing montelukast (n = 31) vs placebo (n = 27). Results:, During the 3-month treatment period, there were no statistical significant differences between the two groups for symptom-free days and nights (48.5 [interquartile range 33.0.0,66.0] for montelukast vs 57.0 [29.0,71.0] for placebo p = 0.415) nor disease-free days and nights (44.5 days [26.0,54.0] vs 53.0 [22.3,71.0]; p = 0.266). During the 1 year follow-up, there were 41 exacerbations in the montelukast group vs 54 exacerbations in the placebo group (p = 0.57). Time to first exacerbation was not different. Number of unscheduled visits and need to start inhaled steroids were comparable in the two groups. Conclusion:, Treatment with montelukast after hospital admission for RSV bronchiolitis in children younger than 2 years of age did not reduce symptoms of cough and wheeze. We cannot exclude that a subgroup of children may, however, benefit from this treatment. [source] Seasonality and clinical features of human metapneumovirus infection in children in Northern AlbertaJOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 1 2005Joan L. Robinson Abstract Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) causes respiratory tract infections in all age groups. The characteristics of pediatric hMPV infection in Northern Alberta have not been studied. The objectives of this study were to determine the seasonality of pediatric hMPV infections over a 13-month period, the genetic relationship of hMPV isolates to hMPV detected in other parts of Canada, and the burden of illness and possible risk factors for pediatric hMPV hospitalization. Detection of hMPV by polymerase chain reaction was performed on nasopharyngeal specimens collected from outpatients and inpatients at the Stollery Children's Hospital in Edmonton, Alberta, November 12, 2002,December 31, 2003. Forty-two of 1,079 specimens were positive for hMPV (3.9%) from 41 patients (14 outpatients and 27 inpatients), with a peak incidence during January,April, but isolates were detected 10 months of the year. Co-infection was not detected in 39 specimens from which RSV had been detected. Two hMPV genetic clusters were detected, and the isolates were homologous to those of previous Canadian isolates. Four of the 14 outpatients had reactive airways disease. Possible risk factors in the 27 inpatients included prematurity (n,=,8), congenital heart disease (n,=,6), gastroesophageal reflux disease or aspiration (n,=,6), global developmental delay (n,=,5), and multiple congenital anomalies (n,=,4). Risk factors for hospitalization appear to be similar to risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization. J. Med. Virol. 76:98,105, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] A whisper from the silent lung zonePEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY, Issue 8 2009Fatma Aljassim MD Abstract Multiple breath inert gas washout (MBW) is now regarded as "an insightful, sound, and useful tool to explore the lung and its response to injury in all of its compartments". We describe the important finding of pronounced intra-acinar airways response to indirect challenge testing, detected using MBW but missed by spirometry, in an adolescent with evidence of airway inflammation, and a background of severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection as an infant. These tests were performed as part of an 18-year follow up of a cohort with severe RSV infection (requiring hospitalization) in the first year of life, and has previously reported significantly higher rates of symptoms of allergic asthma and other features of atopic disease at 13 years in comparison to age matched controls. Small airway dysfunction and ventilation inhomogeneity have emerged as important features of early respiratory disease processes, and this case report provides further evidence supporting its important role in reactive airways disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:829,832. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||