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Rate Stability (rate + stability)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences40%
Humanities and Social Sciences40%

Selected Abstracts

Have Business Cycles Become More Synchronized?

JCMS: JOURNAL OF COMMON MARKET STUDIES, Issue 1 2002
Jakob De Haan
Will further integration make business cycles in EMU countries more similar? This article answers the question by analysing to what extent business cycles in US and German states have become more synchronized and by examining whether synchronization in OECD countries is affected by trade intensity and exchange rate stability. Using long-run data for the US we find only mixed evidence for synchronization. However, post-war data for Germany suggest that business cycles behave more similarly over time. The evidence for OECD countries is mixed: trade intensity has led to more, and exchange rate stability to less, synchronization. [source]

Supraventricular Arrhythmias in Children and Young Adults with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators

JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 10 2001
BARRY A. LOVE M.D.
SVT in Pediatric ICD Recipients.Introduction: Rapidly conducted supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs) can lead to inappropriate device therapy in implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) patients. We sought to determine the incidence of SVTs and the occurrence of inappropriate ICD therapy due to SVT in a pediatric and young adult population. Methods and Results: We undertook a retrospective review of clinical course, Holter monitoring, and ICD interrogations of patients receiving ICD follow-up at our institution between March 1992 and December 1999. Of 81 new ICD implantations, 54 eligible patients (median age 16.5 years, range 1 to 48) were identified. Implantation indications included syncope and/or spontaneous/inducible ventricular arrhythmia with congenital heart disease (30), long QT syndrome (9), structurally normal heart (ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation [VT/VF]) (7), and cardiomyopathies (7). Sixteen patients (30%) received a dual-chamber ICD. SVT was recognized in 16 patients, with 12 of 16 having inducible or spontaneous atrial tachycardias. Eighteen patients (33%) received , 1 appropriate shock(s) for VT/VF; 8 patients (15%) received inappropriate therapy for SVT. Therapies were altered after an inappropriate shock by increasing the detection time or rate and/or increasing beta-blocker dosage. No single-chamber ICD was initially programmed with detection enhancements, such as sudden onset, rate stability, or QRS discriminators. Only one dual-chamber defibrillator was programmed with an atrial discrimination algorithm. Appropriate ICD therapy was not withheld due to detection parameters or SVT discrimination programming. Conclusion: SVT in children and young adults with ICDs is common. Inappropriate shocks due to SVT can be curtailed even without dual-chamber devices or specific SVT discrimination algorithms. [source]

What Macroeconomic Measures Are Needed for Free Trade to Flourish in the Western Hemisphere?

LATIN AMERICAN POLITICS AND SOCIETY, Issue 2 2004
Barry Eichengreen
ABSTRACT Recent experience has made clear the importance of macroeconomic stability, and exchange rate stability in particular, in generating support for regional integration. The tensions created by exchange-rate and financial volatility are clearly evident in the recent history of Mercosur and may also hinder the development of a Free Trade Area of the Americas. This essay argues that ambitious schemes for a single regional currency are not a practical response to this problem. Nor would a system of currency pegs or bands be sufficiently durable to provide a lasting solution. Instead, countries must solve this problem at home. In practice, this means adopting sound and stable monetary policies backed by a clear and coherent operating strategy, such as inflation targeting. With such policies in place, exchange rate volatility can be reduced to levels compatible with regional integration. [source]

Automatic Mode Switching of Implantable Pacemakers: I. Principles of Instrumentation, Clinical, and Hemodynamic Considerations

PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 6 2002
CHU-PAK LAU
LAU, C.-P., et al.: Automatic Mode Switching of Implantable Pacemakers: I. Principles of Instrumentation, Clinical, and Hemodynamic Considerations. Automatic mode switching (AMS) is now a programmable function in most contemporary dual chamber pacemakers. Atrial tachyarrhythmias are detected when the sensed atrial rate exceeds a "rate-cutoff,""running average,""sensor-based physiological" rate, or using "complex" detection algorithms. AMS algorithms differ in their atrial tachyarrhythmia detection method, sensitivity, and specificity and, thus, respond differently to atrial tachyarrhythmia in terms of speed to the AMS onset, rate stability of the response, and speed to resynchronize to sinus rhythm. AMS is hemodynamically beneficial, and most patients with atrial tachyarrhythmias are symptomatically better with an AMS algorithm in their pacemakers. New diagnostic capabilities of pacemaker especially stored electrograms not only allow programming of the AMS function, but enable quantification of atrial fibrillation burden that facilitate clinical management of patients with implantable devices who have concomitant atrial tachyarrhythmia. [source]

Real Exchange Rate Behaviour under Fixed and Floating Exchange Rate Regimes

THE MANCHESTER SCHOOL, Issue 2 2002
James R. Lothian
In this paper we examine the stability of the real exchange rate and the macroeconomic effects of alternative exchange rate regimes, including currency union, on real exchange rate behaviour. We focus on the Irish punt in order to exploit its diversity of experience over different nominal exchange rate regimes. We make both temporal and cross-country comparisons of real exchange rate stability for the Irish punt with sterling, the US dollar and the German mark. We reach two conclusions on the basis of our results. The first is that for Ireland, as for most other countries, purchasing power parity provides a reasonably good description of actual exchange rate behaviour over the long run. Our second principal conclusion concerns regime effects. Currency union appears to matter. The real exchange rates we analyse are unambiguously less variable under currency union than under alternative exchange rate systems. Otherwise, however, we find no clear-cut differences in behaviour across regimes. [source]