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Radiographic Study (radiographic + study)
Selected AbstractsParanasal Sinus Development: A Radiographic Study,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 2 2003Rahul K. Shah MD Abstract Objective To demonstrate the development of the paranasal sinuses in a pediatric population by computed tomography scans. Study Design Radiology records at a tertiary care institution were reviewed for the computed tomography scans of the face, orbit, or paranasal sinuses in patients aged 0 to 12 years. Methods Computed tomography scans were reviewed by a head and neck radiologist and otolaryngologist for the development of the frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid sinuses. The size of the pneumatized paranasal sinuses was measured in two planes and graded on a scale of 0 to 3. Ossification of the maxillary crest and vomer, obliteration of the foramen cecum, and development of agger nasi cells, Haller cells, and the superior turbinate were studied. Patients with syndromes, nasal stenosis, choanal atresia, or cystic fibrosis were excluded from the study. Results In all, 91 computed tomography scans in 66 patients were studied. Serial development could be followed in 16 patients who underwent repeat scans. Patients were divided into six age cohorts based on their age at the time of the scan: 0 to 3 months (10%), 3 to 12 months (13%), 1 to 3 years (13%), 3 to 5 years (20%), 5 to 8 years (29%), and 8 to 12 years (16%). Ethmoid sinuses were the first to fully develop, followed sequentially by maxillary, sphenoid, and frontal sinuses. Each sinus has a rapid rate of development during specified age cohorts. Conclusion The results will aid the physician when correlating the clinical and radiographic findings of pediatric patients aged 0 to 12 years who are being evaluated for sinus disease and potential surgical intervention. [source] Ex vivo assessment of irrigant penetration and renewal during the cleaning and shaping of root canals: a digital subtraction radiographic studyINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 4 2010F. Bronnec Bronnec F, Bouillaguet S, Machtou P.Ex vivo assessment of irrigant penetration and renewal during the cleaning and shaping of root canals: a digital subtraction radiographic study. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 275,282, 2010. Abstract Aim, To assess radiographically irrigant penetration in the root canal system of curved roots during root canal shaping procedures ex vivo. Methodology, Thirty extracted mandibular molar teeth with moderate to severe curvature were used. A special aiming device was used to guarantee that each successive radiograph was taken with the same positioning. The mesiolingual canal of each tooth was instrumented using the ProTaper system. For each step of the shaping procedure, two irrigation modalities were repeated in the same order. Active irrigation consisted of a 0.5-mL flush of sodium diatrizoate solution (Hypaque 50%) immediately followed by agitation with a size 08 K-file. Passive irrigation consisted of a 0.5-mL flush of sodium hypochlorite solution delivered with a syringe through a 27-gauge notched tip needle. A digital radiograph was taken after each modality and stored on computer for subsequent digital subtraction and measures of the depths of irrigant penetration. Comparisons were performed within an analysis-of-variance framework in a repeated-measures approach. Results, The penetration of irrigants was significantly greater for each successive step of the shaping procedure when the two modalities were analysed separately (P < 0.001). The difference between the two modalities was statistically significant for each step of the shaping procedure (P < 0.0001). Conclusions, Shaping root canals improved both penetration and exchange of irrigant inside the root canal system. Complete renewal of the solution was impossible to achieve with a conventional syringe delivery system and a limited volume of solution. Recapitulation with a K-file after flushing improved irrigant penetration. [source] Anticipating bipedalism: trabecular organization in the newborn iliumJOURNAL OF ANATOMY, Issue 6 2009Craig A. Cunningham Abstract Trabecular bone structural organization is considered to be predominantly influenced by localized temporal forces which act to maintain and remodel the trabecular architecture into a biomechanically optimal configuration. In the adult pelvis, the most significant remodelling forces are believed to be those generated during bipedal locomotion. However, during the fetal and neonatal period the pelvic complex is non-weight bearing and, as such, structural organization of iliac trabecular bone cannot reflect direct stance-related forces. In this study, micro-computed tomography scans from 28 neonatal ilia were analysed, using a whole bone approach, to investigate the trabecular characteristics present within specific volumes of interest relevant to density gradients highlighted in a previous radiographic study. Analysis of the structural indices bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, trabecular spacing and trabecular number was carried out to quantitatively investigate structural composition. Quantification of the neonatal trabecular structure reinforced radiographic observations by highlighting regions of significant architectural form which grossly parallel architectural differences in the adult pattern but which have previously been attributed to stance-related forces. It is suggested that the seemingly organized rudimentary scaffold observed in the neonatal ilium may be attributable to other non-weight bearing anatomical interactions or even to a predetermined genetic blueprint. It must also be postulated that whilst the observed patterning may be indicative of a predetermined inherent template, early non-weight bearing and late stance-related locomotive influences may subsequently be superimposed upon this scaffolding and perhaps reinforced and likely remodelled at a later age. Ultimately, the analysis of this fundamental primary pattern has core implications for understanding the earliest changes in pelvic trabecular architecture and provides a baseline insight into future ontogenetic development and bipedal capabilities. [source] Progression of osteoarthritis following TPLO surgery: a prospective radiographic study of 40 dogsJOURNAL OF SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE, Issue 2 2004R. M. Rayward The aim of this prospective study was to assess the progression of osteoarthritis following tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) surgery. Osteoarthritis was monitored radiographically by means of an osteophyte scale on entry to the study, and at six weeks and six months following surgical intervention. Forty dogs were recruited to the study. At each visit, animals were assessed clinically, radiographically, by force platform analysis and by synovial fluid sampling. The radiographic data is the subject of this report. A significant increase in mean osteophyte score was noted between the entry and six-month examination time point. This increase in the mean osteophyte score was due to the increased score recorded in 16 dogs. However, in the majority of dogs, there was no progression of osteophytosis during the course of this study. [source] Incidence and ossification of sesamoid bones in the hands and feet: A radiographic study in an Arab populationCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 4 2007A.S. Dharap Abstract The incidence and ossification of sesamoid bones in the hands and feet were studied in 922 radiographs (400 hands and 522 feet) in an Arab population from Bahrain, 5,83 years of age and consisting of 549 adults (393 men and 156 women) and 373 children (286 boys and 97 girls). All radiographs of the hand and foot in the adult population showed two sesamoid bones in the thumb metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint and in the hallucal metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint, respectively. Only 2.3% and 1.5% of hands showed sesamoids at the MCP joints of the middle and ring fingers respectively compared to a reported incidence of 7.1% for each digit in Caucasians. The incidence of sesamoids in the MTP joints of third and fourth toes (0.6% each) and inferior to the hallucal interphalangeal joint (3.1%) is probably the lowest reported so far in the literature. In the hands, ossification commenced first in the thumb sesamoids, at the age of 10 years in females and 11 years in males and was completed by the age of 13 and 14 years, respectively. In the feet, ossification began first in the hallucal sesamoids at the age of 8 years in females and 9 years in males and was completed by the age of 10 years in both sexes. The incidence and ossification of sesamoids in the hands and feet in the Arab population from Bahrain seem to differ considerably from reports in other populations. The clinical significance of our findings is discussed. Clin. Anat. 20:416,423, 2007. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Implant-Supported Fixed Prostheses for the Rehabilitation of Periodontally Compromised Dentitions: A 3-Year Prospective Clinical StudyCLINICAL IMPLANT DENTISTRY AND RELATED RESEARCH, Issue 3 2001Odont(hc), Seung-Won Yi DDS ABSTRACT Background: The application of a strict hygiene maintenance care protocol following rehabilitation of periodontally compromised dentitions by means of tooth-supported fixed partial dentures has demonstrated excellent long-term treatment outcome. Purpose: A clinical and radiographic study was performed to document and evaluate the short- and medium-term result of occlusal rehabilitation by means of implant-supported fixed prostheses (ISFPs) in patients treated for advanced peri-odontal disease. Materials and Methods: Forty-three consecutive patients were included. All patients were referred because of advanced periodontal disease. Before the implant therapy was initiated, periodontal treatment was performed and the outcome evaluated during at least a 6-month period. An individual maintenance care program was designed for each patient. All 125 implants were placed using a two-stage surgical approach. Following installation of the ISFPs, all patients underwent a baseline examination including evaluation of oral hygiene, periodontal or peri-implant conditions, and radiographs. These examinations were repeated annually during the 3-year observation period. Results: No single implant was lost during the 3-year follow-up period. The percentages of plaque-harboring surfaces and bleeding units on probing were found to be low (< 10%), and no soft-tissue complications were recorded. The mean marginal bone resorption during the observation period amounted to 0.21 mm. In a few patients, apposition of marginal bone was observed. Bone loss amounting to 0.5 mm or less was found around 81% of the implants (101/125 implants). The amount of bone loss around the remaining 24 implants (19%) varied between 0.5 and 2.0 mm. Conclusions: The present clinical trial demonstrates that, at least during a 3-year period, the ISFP is an acceptable and predictable treatment option for rehabilitation in patients who have lost their teeth because of periodontal disease. This observation seems to be valid in edentulous and partially dentate jaws. A prerequisite to reach such a favorable treatment outcome is possibly the combination of the strict maintenance care program and the careful design of the ISFPs. [source] Early Functional Loading of Brånemark Dental Implants: 5-Year Clinical Follow-up StudyCLINICAL IMPLANT DENTISTRY AND RELATED RESEARCH, Issue 2 2000Ingvar Ericsson DDS ABSTRACT Background: Short-term clinical studies have indicated the possibility of one-stage surgery and early loading of machined titanium implants. However, long-term data comparing the outcome to the conventional two-stage technique are missing. Purpose: A clinical and radiographic study was performed to compare the outcome of oral rehabilitation of the endentulous mandible by fixed suprastructures connected to implants installed according to either (1) a one-stage surgical procedure and early loading (experimental group - EG) or (2) the original two-stage concept (reference group - RG). The EG and RG comprised 16 and 11 subjects, respectively. Materials and Methods: The following specific inclusion criterion were adopted: (1) all patients had to consider themselves to be in good general health, (2) the amount of bone had to enable the installation of five to six, at least 10-mm long fixtures (Mk II fixtures; Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) between the mental foramina, and (3) the patients had to be available for the follow-up and maintenance program. A total of 88 implants were placed in the EG compared to 30 in the RG. In the EG, fixed appliances were connected to the implants within 20 days following implant installation while the fixed appliances in the RG were connected about 4 months following fixture installation. At delivery of the suprastructures, all patients were radiographically examined, an examination that was repeated at the 18- and 60-month follow-ups. Results: The analysis of the radiographs from the EG disclosed that during the observation period, between 18 and 60 months, the mean loss of bone support amounted to 0.2 mm (SD = 0.4). The corresponding value observed in the RG was 0.0 mm (SD = 0.5). During the 60-month observation period, no fixture was lost in any of the two groups examined. The implants under study as well as those in the reference material were at all observation intervals found to be clinically stable. Conclusions: This clinical study demonstrated that it is, at least based on a 5-year observation period, possible to successfully load via a permanent fixed rigid cross-arch suprastructure titanium dental implants soon after installation. However, such a treatment approach has to be strictly limited to the interforamina area of the endentulous mandible. Furthermore, the bone resorption was found to be within the same range around such implants as around implants installed and loaded according to the original two-stage protocal. [source] Direct loading of Nobel Direct® and Nobel Perfect® one-piece implants: a 1-year prospective clinical and radiographic studyCLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 4 2007Per-Olov Östman Abstract Objectives: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the Nobel Direct® and Nobel Perfect® one-piece implants (OPIs) when used for immediate function. Material and methods: Forty-eight patients were provided with 115 OPIs for loading with a provisional crown or a bridge within 24 h and followed for at least 12 months with clinical and radiographic examinations. A group of 97 patients previously treated under identical conditions by the same team with 380 two-piece implants (TPIs) for immediate loading in the mandible and maxilla served as the reference group. Results: Six (5.2%) OPIs failed during the follow-up due to extensive bone loss. Five (1.3%) implants failed in the reference group. After 1 year, the mean marginal bone loss was 2.1 mm (SD 1.3) for OPIs and 0.8 mm (SD 1) for TPIs. 20% of OPIs showed more than 3 mm of bone loss compared with 0.6% for TPIs. When compensating for vertical placement depth, OPIs still showed a lower marginal bone level and thus more exposed threads than TPIs. Depending on the criteria used, the success rate for OPIs was 46.1% or 72.2% compared with 85% or 91.6% for TPIs. Conclusions: The Nobel Direct® and Nobel Perfect® OPIs show lower success rates and more bone resorption than TPIs after 1 year in function. Factors such as implant design, insertion depth, rough surface towards the mucosa, in situ preparation and immediate loading may have an influence on the clinical outcome. [source] | |||||||||||||