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Radiation Therapy (radiation + therapy)
Kinds of Radiation Therapy Terms modified by Radiation Therapy Selected AbstractsSELECTIVE INTERNAL RADIATION THERAPY FOR COLORECTAL LIVER METASTASES: CART BEFORE THE HORSE OR OTHERWISE?ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 8 2006David L. Morris FRACS No abstract is available for this article. [source] Multiple Basal Cell Carcinomas Developed After Radiation Therapy for Tinea Capitis: A Case ReportDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 7 2001Pelin Ekmekçi MD Development of skin neoplasms is the most important complication of radiation therapy. There are contradictive reports about the type of these neoplasms. Squamous cell carcinomas are considered the most frequent tumors arising on chronic radiodermatitis areas, but recent studies have demonstrated that the type of neoplasm occurring in response to ionizing radiation exposure depends on several factors. Herein we report a patient who had received low-dose radiation for the treatment of tinea capitis and developed multiple basal cell carcinomas in the radiated areas after a long latent period of 53 years. [source] Patchy Myocardial Fibrosis 20 Years after Radiation TherapyECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Issue 1 2007Rachael A. Wyman M.D. We describe a case of a young woman diagnosed with Ewings sarcoma at age 8 and treated with adriamycin and radiation therapy. Twenty years later the patient has a cardiomyopathy and a focal area of patchy infiltration of fibrotic tissue along the left ventricle and atrium. Although fibrosis due to radiation exposure has been demonstrated on biopsy and autopsy studies, we are not aware of previous reports of echocardiographic demonstration of this finding. The most likely explanation for the fibrosis location is the left posterolateral direction of the radiation beam. [source] Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of Urethral Sarcoma in a CriaJOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 2 2005Nancy R. Gustafson First page of article [source] Treatment of Dogs with Oral Melanoma by Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy and Platinum-Based Chemotherapy (1987,1997)JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 1 2003Kim P. Freeman This retrospective study in 39 dogs with incompletely resected oral melanoma examined the efficacy of hypofractionated radiation therapy and platinum-containing chemotherapy. All dogs were completely staged, with the majority of dogs classified as stage I. Dogs received 6 weekly fractions of 6-gray (Gy) megavoltage irradiation with a cobalt-60 unit or a 4-MeV (megaelectron volts) linear accelerator. Dogs received cisplatin (10,30 mg/m2 IV) or carboplatin (90 mg/m2 IV) chemotherapy 60 minutes before radiation delivery. Durations of local control, metastasis-free survival time, and overall survival time were recorded. By the Kaplan-Meier method, 15% of the dogs had local recurrence within a median time of 139 days. Fifty-one percent of the dogs developed metastatic disease within a median time of 311 days (range, 24,2,163 days). Median survival time for all 39 dogs was 363 days. The combined use of chemotherapy and radiation therapy in this protocol provided local control consistent with previous studies. Low-dose chemotherapy was used with the intent of enhancing radiation therapy for the local control of an incompletely excised tumor. Survival times were longer than previously reported for dogs with oral malignant melanoma. Additional studies are required to determine whether these results were due to the effects of chemotherapy on microscopic disease or the enhanced local control provided by chemoradiation therapy. [source] Severe Venous and Lymphatic Obstruction after Single-Chamber Pacemaker Implantation in a Patient with Chest Radiation TherapyPACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 4 2010JOSHUA M. DIAMOND M.D. A 73 - year - old woman with a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, sinus node dysfunction, bilateral breast cancer, and extensive chest radiation developed progressive edema, dyspnea, and recurrent pleural effusions soon after single - chamber pacemaker implantation. Thoracentesis yielded a diagnosis of chylothorax, and progressive refractory anasarca developed. A computed tomography angiogram suggested obstruction of the superior vena cava and left subclavian vein despite outpatient therapeutic anticoagulation. Autopsy confirmed venous thrombosis, along with mediastinal fibrosis. The presumed etiology of the chylothorax and anasarca was obstruction of the atretic central venous structures following pacemaker implantation, critically impairing the already tenuous venous and lymphatic drainage. (PACE 2010; 520,524) [source] Runaway Implantable Defibrillator,A Rare Complication of Radiation TherapyPACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 5 2007EMEC M.D., F.A.C.C., JAN N A case of a patient with runaway implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) due to radiation therapy of a lung cancer is reported. This manifested as poorly tolerated wide complex tachycardia due to inappropriate rapid ventricular pacing, The event terminated with polymorphic VT, which inhibited pacing and ceased spontaneously before ICD discharge. The likely cause was corruption of device random access memory by ionizing radiation. [source] Resveratrol Imparts Photoprotection of Normal Cells and Enhances the Efficacy of Radiation Therapy in Cancer Cells,PHOTOCHEMISTRY & PHOTOBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2008Shannon Reagan-Shaw Solar radiation spans a whole range of electromagnetic spectrum including UV radiation, which are potentially harmful to normal cells as well as ionizing radiations which are therapeutically beneficial towards the killing of cancer cells. UV radiation is an established cause of a majority of skin cancers as well as precancerous conditions such as actinic keratosis. However, despite efforts to educate people about the use of sunscreens and protective clothing as preventive strategies, the incidence of skin cancer and other skin-related disorders are on the rise. This has generated an enormous interest towards finding alternative approaches for management of UV-mediated damages. Chemoprevention via nontoxic agents, especially botanical antioxidants, is one such approach that is being considered as a plausible strategy for prevention of photodamages including photocarcinogenesis. In this review, we have discussed the photoprotective effects of resveratrol, an antioxidant found in grapes and red wine, against UVB exposure-mediated damages in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we have also discussed studies showing that resveratrol can act as a sensitizer to enhance the therapeutic effects of ionizing radiation against cancer cells. Based on available literature, we suggest that resveratrol may be useful for (1) prevention of UVB-mediated damages including skin cancer and (2) enhancing the response of radiation therapies against hyperproliferative, precancerous and neoplastic conditions. [source] Role of Computed Tomography Imaging in Predicting Response of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma to Definitive Radiation TherapyTHE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 12 2006Xuejun Ma MD Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of posttreatment computed tomography (CT) scans in assessing response of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) to definitive radiotherapy. Material and Methods: Between March 1999 and October 2003, a total of 132 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed NPC were studied. Sixty-one patients with AJCC stage I or II NPC were treated with radiation only; 71 patients with stage III or IV disease but no evidence of distant metastasis were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. All patients received CT scans of the head and neck, nasopharyngoscopy, and biopsies of primary sites at 4 to 6 months after completion of radiotherapy. Clinical response of the primary tumor as determined by comparison of pre- and posttreatment CT scans was correlated to pathology results. Results: The median follow-up time for all patients was 25 months (range, 9,40 months). Radiologic progression was seen in five patients, stable disease in 18 patients, and radiographic partial (rPR) and complete responses (rCR) were seen in 67 and 42 patients, respectively, at 4 to 6 months of follow up. Biopsies of the nasopharynx were positive in six patients. For patients with rCR, two patients (4.8%) had positive biopsies. Four patients with residual disease (rPR, stable, or progressive disease) after treatment had positive biopsies. The positive and negative predictive values, sensitivity, and specificity of CT scans in evaluating the NPC response to radiotherapy were 0.04, 0.95, 0.67, and 0.32, respectively. Conclusions: Pathologic CR for nasopharyngeal carcinoma is usually evident at 4 to 6 months after definitive radiotherapy; however, there is no correlation between pathologic and radiographic response. Although longer follow up is required to define the relationship between radiographic and pathologic responses with respect to disease control, we find CT scan at 4 to 6 months after radiotherapy to be neither sensitive nor specific in predicting the response of primary NPC to radiotherapy. [source] Role for Postoperative Radiation Therapy in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Head and Neck,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 7 2004Damon A. Silverman MD Objective: Clarify the role for postoperative radiation for adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the head and neck as it relates to tumor site, T-stage, and surgical margin status. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study at an academic tertiary care hospital. Methods: A review of 129 patients with biopsy-proven ACC was performed. Previous treatment failures and nonoperative candidates were excluded, with 75 patients considered eligible for further study. Patients were grouped according to treatment modality and Kaplan-Meier estimates of overall survival, locoregional control, and distant control were compared using log-rank tests. Patients were also stratified according to tumor site, T-stage, and surgical margin status, and pair-wise comparisons of treatment outcome within each group were performed using Wald tests from Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Twenty-five patients were treated with surgery alone, and 50 were treated with surgery and postoperative radiation. There was no significant difference in outcome between treatment groups when correlated with tumor site (P = .89). However, postoperative radiation was associated with improved overall survival for advanced T-stage (T4) tumors (P = .019) and greater locoregional control for patients with microscopically positive margins (P = .018). There was no demonstrated benefit of postoperative radiation for patients with microscopically negative margins (P = .93). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that advanced T-stage and positive microscopic margins are important factors in determining the necessity for postoperative radiation therapy for ACC of the head and neck and that radiation therapy may not be necessary for patients with early T-stage tumors and negative surgical margins. [source] Long-term survivors of advanced esophageal cancer without surgical treatment: a multicenter questionnaire survey in Kyushu, JapanDISEASES OF THE ESOPHAGUS, Issue 3 2003S. Natsugoe SUMMARY Since the introduction of recent improvements in adjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer, some patients have demonstrated good prognosis. In the present study, we analyzed 3- and 5-year survivors of advanced esophageal cancer who did not undergo any surgical treatment. Between 1990 and 1998, 831 patients were admitted to 14 university hospitals and one cancer center associated with the membership of the Kyushu study group for adjuvant therapy of esophageal cancer. Twelve (1.4%) of the patients were 3-year survivors and 13 (1.6%) were 5-year survivors. The reasons for non-operation were refusal (eight patients), tumor-related factors (11 patients), and host-related factors (six patients). With a single exception, all patients had locally advanced tumors. Almost all long-term survivors had fewer than five lymph node metastases, in regions limited to the neck and/or mediastinum. Radiation therapy was combined with chemotherapy for 16 of the 25 patients, and chemotherapy-based cisplatin was used for 15 of these 16 patients. Fifteen of the patients remain alive; 10 died seven of them from esophageal cancer. Chemoradiation therapy was effective for some patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer, particularly in the absence of or with few lymph node metastases. To improve the prognosis of patients with advanced esophageal cancer who, for various causes, cannot undergo surgical treatment, a new protocol for adjuvant therapy is required. [source] Supracricoid partial laryngectomies after radiation failure: A multi-institutional seriesHEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 3 2008Raul Pellini MD Abstract Background. Radiation therapy (RT) is one of the gold standard treatments for early laryngeal cancer, and total laryngectomy is still the most applied surgical procedure after failure. Selected recurrences can be managed by supracricoid partial laryngectomies (SCPLs). Methods. A multi-institutional retrospective analysis was carried out in 78 consecutive patients treated by SCPLs for the recurrence of glottic-supraglottic cancer after RT. Cricohyoidoepiglottopexy was performed in 62, and cricohyoidopexy (CHP) in 16 cases. Results. Disease-free survival at 3 and 5 years were 95.5%. Early and late postoperative complications occurred in 27% and 17.9% of cases. Decannulation and satisfactory swallowing were achieved in 97.4% of cases. Conclusions. SCPLs represent effective surgical organ-preservation strategies in the treatment of selected recurrences after RT failure, resulting in a good local control as well as functional recovery with acceptable morbidity, despite a complication rate which is not negligible. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008 [source] Radiation therapy for esthesioneuroblastoma: Rationale for elective neck irradiation,HEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 7 2003Alan T. Monroe MD Abstract Purpose. Esthesioneuroblastoma is an uncommon malignancy of neural crest origin arising in the upper nasal cavity. We describe the University of Florida experience using radiation therapy (RT) in the treatment of this neoplasm, particularly the use of elective nodal irradiation. Materials and Methods. Between May 1972 and August 1998, 22 patients received RT for esthesioneuroblastoma. Two additional patients were treated with palliative intent and were excluded from analysis. Equal numbers of male and female patients were treated, with a median age of 54 years (range, 3,82). The modified Kadish stage was A in 1 patient, B in 4 patients, C in 15 patients, and D in 2 patients. Treatment modalities included primary RT in 6 patients, preoperative RT in 1 patient, postoperative RT after craniofacial resection in 12 patients, and salvage RT in 3 patients treated for recurrence after surgery. Elective neck RT was performed in 11 of 20 patients; 2 patients had cervical metastases at presentation for RT. Results. Rates of local control, cause-specific survival, and absolute survival at 5 years were 59%, 54%, and 48%, respectively. The cause-specific survival rate at 5 years was lower after primary RT (17%) than after craniofacial resection and postoperative RT (56%). Cervical metastases occurred in 6 of 22 patients (27%). No neck recurrences occurred in 11 patients treated with elective neck RT compared with 4 neck recurrences in 9 patients (44%) not receiving elective neck RT (p = .02). Conclusions. Combined modality therapy is preferred over RT alone in advanced-stage esthesioneuroblastoma. Our data and review of the current literature suggest a higher cervical failure rate than previously recognized. Elective neck RT seems to correlate with improved nodal control and should be considered in the treatment of esthesioneuroblastoma. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 25: 529,534, 2003 [source] Induced and repressed genes after irradiation sensitizing by pentoxyphylline,INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 6 2007Waldemar Waldeck Abstract Aim in cancer therapy is to increase the therapeutic ratio eliminating the disease while minimizing toxicity to normal tissues. Radiation therapy is a main component in targeting cancer. Radiosensitizing agents like pentoxyphylline (PTX) have been evaluated to improve radiotherapy. Commonly, cells respond to radiation by the activation of specific early and late response genes as well as by inhibition of genes, which are expressed under normal conditions. A display of the genetic distinctions at the level of transcription is given here to characterize the molecular events underlying the radiosensitizing mechanisms. The method of suppression subtractive hybridization allows the visualization of both induced and repressed genes in irradiated cells compared with cells sensitized immediately after irradiation. The genes were isolated by cDNA-cloning, differential analysis and sequence similarity search. Genes involved in protein synthesis, metabolism, proteolysis and transcriptional regulation were detected. It is important that genes like KIAA280, which were only known as unidentified EST sequences before without function, but inaccessible by array technology were recovered as functional genes. Database searches for PTX-induced genes detected a human mRNA completely unknown. In case of suppressed genes, we detected several mRNAs; one thereof shows homology to a hypothetical protein possibly involved in signal transduction. A further mRNA encodes the protein BM036 supposed to associate with the E2F transcription factor. A hypothetical protein H41 was detected, which may repress the Her-2/neu receptor influencing breast cancer, gliomas and prostate tumors. Radiation combined with PTX may lead to a better prognosis by down regulation of the Her-2/neu, which will be proven by clinical studies in the near future. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Long-term treatment of localized gastric marginal zone B-cell mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma including incidence of metachronous gastric cancerJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 4 2010Shouko Ono Abstract Background and Aim:, According to a few recent reports on the long-term clinical outcome of gastric marginal zone B-cell mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT lymphoma); localized gastric MALT lymphoma generally has a favorable prognosis. However, the risk of metachronous gastric cancer has not been evaluated. In this study, we analyzed long-term outcomes of localized gastric MALT lymphoma including the incidence of metachronous gastric cancer. Methods:, Between April 1996 and May 2008, 60 patients (31 men and 29 women; mean age 58.1 years) with localized gastric MALT lymphoma (stage I and II1 according to Lugano classification) were analyzed retrospectively. Results:, Forty-eight patients (82.6%) achieved complete remission by eradication therapy. Radiation therapy was conducted on eight patients as second-line treatment, and all of them achieved remission. The median follow-up period was 76 months (range, 12,157 months). One patient had local relapse after remission for 5 years and three patients developed early gastric cancer without recurrence of lymphoma (5%). All of the three gastric cancers appeared in the same areas where MALT lymphoma had been eradicated. Conclusion:, Eradication therapy and radiation therapy for localized gastric MALT lymphoma have a favorable long-term outcome, though regular follow-up endoscopy should be performed for detecting metachronous early gastric cancer. [source] Radiation therapy for intractable bleeding in extremity arteriovenous malformation: Considerations on a clinical caseJOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIATION ONCOLOGY, Issue 3 2009JS Goda Summary Arteriovenous malformations are rare clinicopathological entities with varied distribution and a constellation of symptoms. In the extremities they are usually associated with dermatological manifestations, such as angiodermatitis with a potential risk of torrential haemorrhage. Surgical resection is a morbid procedure. Transcatheter embolization and sclerotherapy is an attractive alternative to surgical resection. However, proper case selection is a prerequisite and may not be possible in all the cases. The case reported here is a paradigm of a complex and extensive vascular malformation with torrential haemorrhage where a unique therapeutic approach of radiation therapy was used as an alternative to morbid surgery after embolization and sclerotherapy failure. [source] Radiation therapy for gynecologic cancerJOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY RESEARCH (ELECTRONIC), Issue 3 2002Krishnansu Sujata Tewari First page of article [source] The differential effects of the radioprotectant drugs amifostine and sodium selenite treatment in combination with radiation therapy on constituent bone cells, ewing's sarcoma of bone tumor cells, and rhabdomyosarcoma tumor cells in vitroJOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 11 2008Bryan S. Margulies Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the differential effects of therapeutic X-radiation on constituent bone cells relative to the pediatric tumor cells: Ewing's sarcoma of bone and rhabdomyosarcoma. In addition, the radioprotectant drugs amifostine and sodium selenite were administered to constituent bone cells and the two tumor cells to determine if the radioprotectants differentially protect bone cells while not benefiting the tumor cells. These studies are a necessary first step in determining the potential clinical benefit of radioprotective therapy. An established in vitro cell culture model employing both constituent bone cells (osteoblasts, primary bone marrow monocytes, osteoclasts chondrocytes, and endothelial cells) and the tumor cells lines (Ewing's sarcoma of bone and rhabdomyosarcoma) were exposed to irradiation, amifostine, and sodium selenite. Cells were then assayed for changes in cell number, cytotoxicity, mineralization, bone resorption, cell attachment, osteocalcin, caspase-3 expression, clonogenic survival, and alkaline phosphatase expression. Radiation therapy differentially decreased cell number; with osteoblasts being shown to be the least sensitive to irradiation, the tumor cells had an intermediate sensitivity and monocytes were the most sensitive. Both amifostine and sodium selenite protected chondrocytes and osteoblasts from the negative effects of irradiation, while not protecting the tumor cells. The pediatric tumor cell lines were generally more radiosensitive than the bone cells examined. The radioprotectant drugs amifostine and sodium selenite provided significant radioprotection to constituent bone cells while not protecting the tumor cells. Finally, amifostine and sodium selenite therapy provided an additional benefit beyond radioprotection by increasing cytotoxicity in nonirradiated and irradiated tumor cells. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:1512,1519, 2008 [source] Randomized Trial Comparing Locoregional Resection of Primary Tumor with No Surgery in Stage IV Breast Cancer at the Presentation (Protocol MF07-01): A Study of Turkish Federation of the National Societies for Breast DiseasesTHE BREAST JOURNAL, Issue 4 2009Atilla Soran MD, FACS Abstract:, The MF07-01 trial is a phase III randomized controlled trial which compares breast cancer patients with distant metastases at presentation who receive locoregional treatment for intact primary tumor with those who do not receive such treatment. The primary objective of the study is to assess whether locoregional treatment of the primary tumor provides a better overall survival. Secondary objectives include progression-free survival, quality-of-life, and morbidity related to locoregional treatment. Locoregional treatments consist of either mastectomy or breast conserving surgery with level I-II axillary clearance in clinically or sentinel lymph node positive patients. Radiation therapy to the whole breast follows breast conserving surgery. Standard systemic therapy is given to all patients either immediately after randomization in no-locoregional treatment arm or after surgical resection of the intact primary tumor in locoregional treatment arm. The study is conducted in Turkey as a multicenter trial with central randomization. Total accrual target is 271. The trial was activated in October 2007 and authorized centers started to recruit patients since then. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier number is NCT00557986. [source] Breast radiation therapy guideline implementation in low- and middle-income countries,CANCER, Issue S8 2008Nuran Senel Bese MD Abstract Radiation therapy plays a critical role in the management of breast cancer and often is unavailable to patients in low- and middle-income countries (LMCs). There is a need to provide appropriate equipment and to improve the techniques of administration, quality assurance, and use of resources for radiation therapy in LMCs. Although the linear accelerator is the preferred equipment, telecobalt machines may be considered as an acceptable alternative in LMCs. Applying safe and effective treatment also requires well trained staff, support systems, geographic accessibility, and the initiation and completion of treatment without undue delay. In early-stage breast cancer, standard treatment includes the irradiation of the entire breast with an additional boost to the tumor site and should be delivered after treatment planning with at least 2-dimensional imaging. Although postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) has demonstrated local control and overall survival advantages in all patients with axillary lymph node metastases, preference in limited resource settings could be reserved for patients who have ,4 positive lymph nodes. The long-term risks of cardiac morbidity and mortality require special attention to the volume of heart and lungs exposed. Alternative treatment schedules like hypofractionated radiation and partial breast irradiation currently are investigational. Radiation therapy is an integral component for patients with locally advanced breast cancer after initial systemic treatment and surgery. For patients with distant metastases, radiation is an effective tool for palliation, especially for bone, brain, and soft tissue metastases. The implementation of quality-assurance programs applied to equipment, the planning process, and radiation treatment delivery must be instituted in all radiation therapy centers. Cancer 2008;113(8 suppl):2305,14. © 2008 American Cancer Society. [source] Recurrences and second primary breast cancers in older women with initial early-stage diseaseCANCER, Issue 5 2007Ann M. Geiger MPH Abstract BACKGROUND. The association between common breast cancer therapies and recurrences and second primary breast cancers in older women is unclear, although older women are less likely to receive common therapies. METHODS. Women aged ,65 years who were diagnosed with stage I or II breast cancer and who underwent mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery (BCS) from 1990 to 1994 were identified from automated data from 6 healthcare systems and then were followed for 10 years or until breast cancer recurrence, disenrollment, or death. Trained abstractors reviewed medical records to obtain recurrence, tumor, treatment and demographic data. The authors used proportional hazards models to examine predictors of recurrent and second primary breast cancers adjusted for demographic and tumor factors. RESULTS. Of 1837 eligible women, 34% were ages 65 to 69 years, 46% were ages 70 to 79 years, and 20% were aged ,80 years. In multivariable models that used mastectomy as the reference group, BCS without radiation therapy was associated with an increased risk of any recurrent and second primary breast cancer (hazard ratio [HR], 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1,2.3), particularly with the subgroup of women with local and regional recurrence (HR, 3.5; 95% CI, 2.0,6.0). Tamoxifen use for <1 year versus ,5 years exhibited a borderline association with any recurrent or second primary breast cancer (HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 0.9,4.2). CONCLUSIONS. Radiation therapy after BCS and 5 years of tamoxifen use were beneficial in reducing recurrences and second primary breast cancers in older women, regardless of their age or comorbidity burden. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society. [source] Iatrogenic vertebral artery injuryACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 6 2005J. Inamasu Iatrogenic vertebral artery injury (VAI) results from various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The objective of this article is to provide an update on the mechanism of injury and management of this potentially devastating complication. A literature search was conducted using PubMed. The iatrogenic VAIs were categorized according to each diagnostic or therapeutic procedure responsible for the injury, i.e., central venous catheterization, cervical spine surgery, chiropractic manipulation, diagnostic cerebral angiography, percutaneous nerve block, and radiation therapy. The incidence, mechanisms of injury, and reparative procedures were discussed for each type of procedure. The type of VAI depends largely on the type of procedure. Laceration was the dominant type of acute injury in central venous catheterization and cervical spine surgery. Arteriovenous fistulae and pseudoaneurysms were the delayed complications. Arterial dissection was the dominant injury type in chiropractic manipulation and diagnostic cerebral angiography. Inadvertent arterial injection caused seizures or stroke in percutaneous nerve block. Radiation therapy was responsible for endothelial injury which in turn resulted in delayed stenosis and occlusion of the vertebral artery (VA). The proximal VA was the most vulnerable portion of the artery. Although iatrogenic VAIs are rare, they may actually be more prevalent than had previously been thought. Diagnosis of iatrogenic VAI may not always be easy because of its rarity and deep location, and a high level of suspicion is necessary for its early detection. A precise knowledge of the surgical anatomy of the VA is essential prior to each procedure to prevent its iatrogenic injury. [source] Radiation following percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty to prevent restenosis (RADAR pilot trial)CATHETERIZATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS, Issue 2 2006Wes R. Pedersen MD Abstract Objectives: We wished to determine the feasibility and early safety of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) used following balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) to prevent restenosis. Background: BAV for calcific aortic stenosis (AS) has been largely abandoned because of high restenosis rates, i.e., > 80% at 1 year. Radiation therapy is useful in preventing restenosis following vascular interventions and treating other benign noncardiovascular disorders. Methods: We conducted a 20-patient, pilot study evaluating EBRT to prevent restenosis following BAV in elderly patients with calcific AS. Total doses ranging from 12,18 Gy were delivered in fractions over a 3,5 day post-op period to the aortic valve. Echocardiography was performed pre and 2 days post-op, 1, 6, and 12 months following BAV. Results: One-year follow-up is completed (age 89 ± 4). There were no complications related to EBRT. Eight patients died prior to 1 year; 5 of 10 (50%) in the low-dose (12 Gy) group and 3 of 10 (30%) in the high-dose (15,18 Gy) group. None of these 8 patients had restenosis, i.e., > 50% loss of the initial AVA gain, and only three deaths were cardiac in origin. One patient underwent aortic valve replacement and none repeated BAV. By 1 year, 3 of the initial 10 (30%) in the low-dose group and 1 of 9 (11%) in the high-dose group demonstrated restenosis (21% overall). Conclusions: EBRT following BAV in elderly patients with AS is feasible, free of early complications, and holds promise in reducing the 1 year restenosis rate in a dose-dependent fashion. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Visual loss despite anticoagulation in radiation-induced optic neuropathyCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY, Issue 3 2004Helen V Danesh-Meyer FRANZCO Abstract Radiation therapy to the brain may produce necrosis and loss of function months after completion of the treatment. The case is presented of a 62-year-old man who developed radiation-induced optic neuropathy 2 years after treatment for a glioma of the left temporal lobe, despite being on anticoagulation therapy. Although anticoagulation appears to be beneficial in cerebral radiation necrosis, its usefulness in the treatment of radiation-induced optic neuropathy is unclear. [source] Resveratrol Imparts Photoprotection of Normal Cells and Enhances the Efficacy of Radiation Therapy in Cancer Cells,PHOTOCHEMISTRY & PHOTOBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2008Shannon Reagan-Shaw Solar radiation spans a whole range of electromagnetic spectrum including UV radiation, which are potentially harmful to normal cells as well as ionizing radiations which are therapeutically beneficial towards the killing of cancer cells. UV radiation is an established cause of a majority of skin cancers as well as precancerous conditions such as actinic keratosis. However, despite efforts to educate people about the use of sunscreens and protective clothing as preventive strategies, the incidence of skin cancer and other skin-related disorders are on the rise. This has generated an enormous interest towards finding alternative approaches for management of UV-mediated damages. Chemoprevention via nontoxic agents, especially botanical antioxidants, is one such approach that is being considered as a plausible strategy for prevention of photodamages including photocarcinogenesis. In this review, we have discussed the photoprotective effects of resveratrol, an antioxidant found in grapes and red wine, against UVB exposure-mediated damages in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we have also discussed studies showing that resveratrol can act as a sensitizer to enhance the therapeutic effects of ionizing radiation against cancer cells. Based on available literature, we suggest that resveratrol may be useful for (1) prevention of UVB-mediated damages including skin cancer and (2) enhancing the response of radiation therapies against hyperproliferative, precancerous and neoplastic conditions. [source] Breast Cancer from a Public Health PerspectiveTHE BREAST JOURNAL, Issue 2 2004Richard R. Love MD Abstract: , By 2010, the majority of approximately 1.5 million annual new cases of breast cancer will be diagnosed in women in countries with limited resources. Public health approaches to medical problems emphasize the importance of practical, limited toxicity and very inexpensive interventions. While clinical trials in Western countries are testing the concept of breast cancer prevention, they are not defining useful public health approaches. Early detection of breast cancer using mammography, while effective, is a high-technology, expensive approach. Adjuvant systemic and radiation therapies are increasingly expensive; careful consideration of efficacy and cost-efficacy data appear warranted. Public health perspectives thus suggest that many current "standard" approaches to breast cancer in Western countries cannot help the majority of women in the world., [source] Determining the Zero-Force Binding Energetics of an Intercalated DNA Complex by a Single-Molecule ApproachCHEMPHYSCHEM, Issue 16 2009Tzu-Sen Yang Prof. Dr. Binding behavior of DNA: A wormlike chain model is applied to determine the zero-force binding energetics of an intercalated DNA complex. A mono-intercalating agent is synthesized which can be very easily inserted into the DNA bases (see figure). This approach is particularly important in nuclear medicine and new radiation therapies. [source] Late Inguinal Metastasis of a Well-Differentiated Subungual Squamous Cell Carcinoma after Radical Toe AmputationDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 7 2005Kuo-Chin Huang MD Background Although squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is commonly found on sun-exposed skin, this malignancy in nail beds is rare. There is a very low rate of metastases, especially for well-differentiated lesions without bony involvement. Objective To present a case of late inguinal metastasis after radical toe amputation 3 years previously for subungual SCC. Materials and Methods Case report. Results The patient received modified inguinal lymphadenectomy and adjuvant radiation therapy. No recurrence or metastases were observed for 12 months. Conclusion For patients with subungual SCC postsurgery, it is important to regularly evaluate for a minimum of 3 years, despite the very low rate of metastases. [source] Multiple Basal Cell Carcinomas Developed After Radiation Therapy for Tinea Capitis: A Case ReportDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 7 2001Pelin Ekmekçi MD Development of skin neoplasms is the most important complication of radiation therapy. There are contradictive reports about the type of these neoplasms. Squamous cell carcinomas are considered the most frequent tumors arising on chronic radiodermatitis areas, but recent studies have demonstrated that the type of neoplasm occurring in response to ionizing radiation exposure depends on several factors. Herein we report a patient who had received low-dose radiation for the treatment of tinea capitis and developed multiple basal cell carcinomas in the radiated areas after a long latent period of 53 years. [source] ,Prospects for microbeam radiation therapy of brain tumours in children'DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 2 2009DN Slatkin MD No abstract is available for this article. 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