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Raw Materials Used (raw + material_used)
Selected AbstractsAnalysis of metabolic variation and galanthamine content in Narcissus bulbs by 1H NMR,PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, Issue 1 2010Andrea Lubbe Abstract Introduction , Galanthamine is a benzazepine alkaloid used as a drug to relieve symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. For pharmaceutical use this natural product has been extracted from the plant Leucojum aestivum (Amaryllidaceae) or produced synthetically. Limited supply of the natural source and high cost of synthetic production has led to a search for alternative sources of galanthamine. The bulbs of Narcissus pseudonarcissus (Amaryllidaceae) have been identified as a potential source of raw material for galanthamine extraction. Since inconsistent chemical composition can be an issue with medicinal plant material, it is of interest to know whether large variations occur between Narcissus bulbs grown in different geographical locations. Objective , To evaluate whether large differences exist in the overall metabolic profiles of Narcissus bulbs grown in the two most important cultivation regions. Methodology , 1H NMR and principal component analysis were used for an unbiased comparison of the bulb samples. Results , Overall metabolite profiles were quite similar, but galanthamine levels could slightly discriminate samples by geographical region. 1H NMR was used for quantitation of galanthamine, and was found to be comparable to quantitation by HPLC. Compared with conventional chromatographic methods, sample preparation for 1H NMR analysis is simple and rapid, and only a small amount of plant material is required. Conclusions , Since useful qualitative and quantitative information about the metabolic state of Narcissus bulbs can be obtained by 1H NMR, this method is useful for agricultural applications, and for quality control of raw material used in the pharmaceutical industry. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Characterization by mass spectrometry of an unknown polysiloxane sample used under uncontrolled medical conditions for cosmetic surgeryRAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, Issue 21 2008Cédric Schneider For a complete understanding of the raw material used for cosmetic surgery under uncontrolled medical conditions, an unknown sample of polydimethylsiloxanes has been investigated utilizing a combination of analytical techniques: pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py/GC/MS), electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF)MS, and liquid chromatography (LC)/MS. Among these techniques, the LC/APCI-MS coupling allowed the fastest and more effective analysis. In addition, the complexity of the mass spectra deduced from these LC/MS experiments was simplified compared to the mass spectra obtained by MALDI-TOF. In this work, we have demonstrated how the LC/APCI-MS coupling applied to polydimethylsiloxane samples permits the full characterization of samples where end groups of different nature can be present in very small quantities. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Monitoring the fermentation of the traditional Bulgarian beverage bozaINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 2 2001Velitchka Gotcheva Summary For many centuries fermented foods have been produced and consumed world-wide as they are of such great importance for human nutrition. Fermentation helps to preserve the food, provides a wide variety of textures and flavours and significantly improves the nutritional properties of the raw materials used. In this work we tested the hypothesis that the fermentation process of the Bulgarian cereal-based traditional beverage boza was similar to other cereal-based fermentations. Boza was prepared both from whole-wheat grains and flour, and the effect of the raw material on product quality was studied. The main microorganisms responsible for boza fermentation, yeasts and lactobacilli, were identified and some physical and biochemical changes were monitored during the first 48 h of fermentation. A significant increase in glucose content was observed, while pH, viscosity, free amino nitrogen content and dry matter decreased during the fermentation. The use of wheat flour resulted in a product with higher viscosity and dry matter content when compared to that produced from whole-wheat grains. The effect of temperature on fermentation rate was also tested. [source] Fatty acid composition and volatile compounds of selected marine oils and mealsJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 1 2009Ioannis Giogios Abstract BACKGROUND: Although volatile compounds characterising seafood have been studied extensively, no similar data are available regarding the volatiles of raw materials used in fish feed. Therefore the aim of this study was to make an initial screening of the volatiles of various common marine raw materials used in the aquaculture feed industry. Nine commercial marine oils (German (GFO1, GFO2 and GFO3) and Norwegian (NFO) fish oils and salmon (SO1 and SO2), tuna (TO), sardine (SRDO) and shrimp (SHO) oils) and eight commercial marine meals (Peruvian (PFM1 and PFM2), Danish (DFM1 and DFM2) and prime quality (PQFM1 and PQFM2) fish meals and Antarctic krill meals (KM1 and KM2)) were analysed for their fatty acid profiles and volatile flavour compounds. The relation between fatty acids and volatiles was examined. RESULTS: The highest polyunsaturated fatty acid and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5,3) contents and ,3/,6 ratio were found in NFO. The fatty acid composition of all marine meals except krill meals was found to be more variable among batches than that of marine oils. Regarding volatiles, all marine raw materials were characterised by the complete absence or negligible levels of eight- and nine-carbon alcohols and carbonyls. All marine oils were found to have high 2-ethyl furan, 2-methylenebutyl cyclopropane, hexanal, 2,4-octadiene and 3,5-octadiene contents. Marine meals, unlike marine oils, were characterised by the almost complete absence of unsaturated and cyclic hydrocarbons and terpenes and very low levels of furans. CONCLUSION: Volatiles of marine meals differ from those of marine oils. Unlike fatty acids which give useful traceability information, volatiles seem to fail in this role owing to their strong variability. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry [source] RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE COLORATION AND THE FIRING TECHNOLOGY USED TO PRODUCE SUSA GLAZED CERAMICS OF THE END OF THE NEOLITHIC PERIOD*ARCHAEOMETRY, Issue 5 2009S. LAHLIL Ancient decorated potteries from Susa (Mesopotamia) dating from 4200 to 3700 bc, were studied in order to determine the origin and the nature of the raw materials used, and to identify the technological processes applied to make the ceramic bodies and their decorations. Bulk compositions were determined by particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE), while the microstructure and the mineralogical phases were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analyses (EDX) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the raw materials used to elaborate these potteries were similar for all the ceramic bodies (carbonates and iron and magnesium-rich clays containing sand), and for all the decorations (iron oxides, silica, potassic and alumina sources). The variations of coloration of the ceramics and of their decorations were due to different firing temperatures. The ranges of firing temperatures used by potters were evaluated on the basis of mineral stability domains. [source] CLAY RESOURCES AND TECHNICAL CHOICES FOR NEOLITHIC POTTERY (CHALAIN, JURA, FRANCE): CHEMICAL, MINERALOGICAL AND GRAIN-SIZE ANALYSES*ARCHAEOMETRY, Issue 1 2007R. MARTINEAU Many authors have considered pottery manufacturing constraints and sociocultural elements as factors in change in past civilizations over time. The main issue of this research is to better understand the reasons for changes, or choices, in pottery raw materials. The very precise and detailed stratigraphy and cultural succession of occupations is based on dendrochronological data from the lake-dwelling sites of Chalain (Jura, France). Petrographic, palaeontological and chemical analyses were used to determine the nature and origins of the raw materials used by the Neolithic potters. Stratigraphy and dendrochronological data were used to reconstruct in detail the evolution dynamics of fabric changes. Several raw material sources were identified for many of the pottery groups. Each of them was sampled for qualitative experimental tests of pottery forming. The experimental results show a high variability between the sediments tested. This variability was quantitatively estimated by XRF, XRD, the Rietveld method, calcium carbonate quantification and laser grain-size analyses of matrices, indirect measures of plasticity. These analytical results allow a better understanding of the differences observed in the experimental tests. On the basis of these experimental and analytical results, changing parameters such as pottery manufacturing constraints, mineralogical characteristics of raw materials and sociocultural factors are considered. In conclusion, all the social and technical parameters, in each archaeological context, must be taken into account for a better understanding of the changes occurring throughout the chronological sequence. [source] Application of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for screening of raw materials used in the cell culture medium for the production of a recombinant therapeutic proteinBIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS, Issue 2 2010Alime Ozlem Kirdar Abstract Control of raw materials based on an understanding of their impact on product attributes has been identified as a key aspect of developing a control strategy in the Quality by Design (QbD) paradigm. This article presents a case study involving use of a combined approach of Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and Multivariate Data Analysis (MVDA) for screening of lots of basal medium powders based on their impact on process performance and product attributes. These lots had identical composition as per the supplier and were manufactured at different scales using an identical process. The NIR/MVDA analysis, combined with further investigation at the supplier site, concluded that grouping of medium components during the milling and blending process varied with the scale of production and media type. As a result, uniformity of blending, impurity levels, chemical compatibility, and/or heat sensitivity during the milling process for batches of large-scale media powder were deemed to be the source of variation as detected by NIR spectra. This variability in the raw materials was enough to cause unacceptably large variability in the performance of the cell culture step and impact the attributes of the resulting product. A combined NIR/MVDA approach made it possible to finger print the raw materials and distinguish between good and poor performing media lots. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010 [source] | ||||||||||