JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 5 2009
ZIPING XUE
ABSTRACT Total phenolic contents in peel and pulp of the fruits of three Chinese jujube cultivars (Ziziphus jujuba cv. mayazao, Z. jujuba cv. dongzao and Z. jujuba cv. yuanzao) were determined. The antioxidant activities in peel and pulp of the jujube fruits were measured by different methods, including 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). The total phenolic content in peel was five to six times higher than that in the pulp of all the three cultivars. The phenolics contents in the jujube were different with cultivars. The EC50 (Concentration of lyophilized samples needed to decrease the initial DPPH radical concentration by 50%), FRAP and TEAC values of the peel and pulp were remarkably correlated to their total phenolic contents (R = ,0.922, R = 0.985 and R = 0.997, respectively). The results indicated that the high capacity of antioxidant of Chinese jujube fruit could be attributed to the high phenolic contents in the fruit. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS There was an expanding quest surrounding the use of antioxidant because they have the capacity to protect from the damage because of free radicals and reactive oxygen species. However, the safety of synthetic antioxidant was challenged. Much attention has been focused on the use of natural antioxidant. Interest in food phenolics had increased greatly because of their antioxidant and possible promoting-health role in human health. In this study, total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities in vitro of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill) peel and pulp were researched. The work would help to explore a natural antioxidant for possible application in food and dietary supplemental products for health promotion. [source]

PRESERVATION OF "UMBU" (SPONDIAS TUBEROSA ARRUDA CÂMARA) PULP IN THE GREEN STAGE OF MATURATION BY COMBINED METHODS

JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION, Issue 3 2007
ELIDA CONCEIÇÃO JORGE
ABSTRACT "Umbu" (Spondias tuberosa Arruda Câmara) is a typical fruit from northeastern Brazil of considerable economic importance to this region, because several products are derived from it and commercialized, especially the pulp, which can be used as a raw material for preserves and juices. The objective of this research was to study the preservation of umbu in the green stage of maturation by combined methods, including heat treatment and the addition of preservatives and sucrose. The pulps were blanched, pasteurized and mixed with the preservatives and sucrose according to a complete factorial design with three variables (ratio pulp/sucrose, potassium sorbate and sodium metabisulfite), two levels and two repetitions. The products were filled into high-density polyethylene packages and exposed to a temperature of 40C for 120 days. Physicochemical, color and chemical (SO2) analyses showed that the concentrations of sodium metabisulfite and potassium sorbate used did not significantly alter product quality. The addition of sucrose significantly decreased the water activity and led to intense browning. The microbiological evaluations showed good product stability for 120 days. The overall results indicated that the heat treatment applied was effective if high levels of hygiene were maintained during the preparatory stages and the packaging materials were well sanitized. The combined preservation methods appear to be an economic way to preserve these high-acid pulps. [source]

EFFECT OF METHOD OF PRESERVATION OF PULP ON THE QUALITY OF CARBONATED AND NONCARBONATED BEVERAGES PREPARED FROM PEACH FRUIT

JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY, Issue 6 2009
SHEETU ARORA
ABSTRACT Peach pulp preserved by different methods, i.e., processing at 100C for 30 min, potassium metabisulphite (KMS; 2,000 ppm), sodium benzoate (750 ppm) and mixture of KMS and sodium benzoate (1,000 and 375 ppm) had no significant effect on total soluble solids (TSS), acidity, TSS : acid ratio, pH of carbonated as well as noncarbonated beverages. Carbonated beverages prepared from pulp with 750 ppm of sodium benzoate retained significantly (P , 0.05) higher carbon dioxide (CO2) content and CO2 gas : volume during storage. Color of the beverages prepared from peach pulp containing KMS was better but the beverages prepared from peach pulp preserved by processing and addition of sodium benzoate were organoleptically more acceptable. Both carbonated and noncarbonated drinks remained organoleptically acceptable throughout storage. Suspension of carbonated beverages was significantly (P , 0.05) higher during storage as compared with noncarbonated beverages. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Peaches are valued as a table fruit for a short period of time from end of April to end of May. The acceptability and utilization of this fruit can be increased by processing it into delicious carbonated and noncarbonated beverages. This will provide nutritious drink to the consumers and also help in increasing the fruit cultivation resulting in good returns to the growers. This study will also help to give a fillip to the establishment of a peach beverage industry world wide. [source]

INDICATOR AND PATHOGENIC BACTERIA IN GUACAMOLE AND THEIR BEHAVIOR IN AVOCADO PULP

JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY, Issue 4 2001
SOFÍ M. ARVIZU-MEDRANO
ABSTRACT The presence of some indicator microorganisms and pathogenic bacteria in guacamole sampled from restaurants and street vendors, and the behavior of Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 were studied in avocado pulp. Coliform, yeast and mold populations showed a wide dispersion, in agreement with the diversity of sanitary conditions observed among places sampled. The frequency of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and E. coli were 1.3, 16.0, and 60.0 %, respectively; with higher numbers among street vendors. Populations of E. coli ranged from 29 to 3800 NMP/g and S. aureus from 2.95 to 5.35 log CFU/g. Thirteen out of 16 hemolytic L. monocytogenes strains were pathogenic for mice. In avocado pulp Salmonella spp. and E. coli O157:H7 showed a lag phase close to 3 h, and a generation time of 54 min and 1.23 h, respectively. No growth of pathogens was observed in avocado pulp stored at 4-7C. [source]

EFFECT OF MANGO PULP AND SOYMILK FORTIFICATION ON THE TEXTURE PROFILE OF SET YOGHURT MADE FROM BUFFALO MILK

JOURNAL OF TEXTURE STUDIES, Issue 3 2003
PRADYUMAN KUMAR
The effect of the fat content in buffalo milk and proportions of buffalo milk, soymilk and mango pulp on textural characteristics of mango soy fortified yoghurt (MSFY) is reported. The TA-XT2 Texture Analyzer was used to measure the textural characteristics of MSFY prepared from blends containing varying proportions of buffalo milk (varying fat content), soymilk (8.2% total solids) and mango pulp (18% total solids). Texture profile data were used to develop regression models for dependent variables,hardness (HD), cohesiveness (CO), adhesiveness (AD), springiness (SP) and gumminess (GU), which were used to optimize the blend formula. The optimized values are 2.95% fat content in buffalo milk, 14.7% soymilk and 7.2% mango pulp in the blend for obtaining MSFY having textural characteristics similar to those of yoghurt having 6% fat. The MSFY prepared using optimized blend had HD (108 - 112 g), CO (0.41 - 0.42), AD (- 70.3 to - 72.9 g.s), SP (0.93 - 0.96) and GU (45.05 - 46.38 g). [source]

EFFECT OF PROCESSING, PRESERVATION AND STORAGE ON RHEOLOGY OF GUAVA PULP

JOURNAL OF TEXTURE STUDIES, Issue 4 2001
S. W. HARNANAN
ABSTRACT Rheological behavior of white and pink guava pulps was investigated using Rheotest 2 coaxial cylinder viscometer over shear rates of 0.6 to 145.8 s,1. The shear rate-shear stress data followed the power law, Casson, Herschel-Bulkley, Michaels and Bolger models. The power law flow behavior index values were in the range of 0.14 to 0.19. Presence of measurable yield stress indicated Bingham model of the pulps. Storage of pulps for 30 weeks had negligible influence on flow behavior index values. The consistency index and yield stress values decreased with extending storage from 0 to 30 weeks. The Michaels and Bolger model distinctly described the non-Newtonian nature of cold- and hot-break pulps as well as different behavior of the pink guava pulps. The structure shear resistance values for hot-break pulps at zero shear rate were considerably higher than those of the cold-break, indicating their high pseudoplasticity. [source]

Pulp and periodontal healing of laterally luxated permanent teeth: results after 4 years

DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 6 2008
Elena C. Ferrazzini Pozzi
Material and methods:, Patients presenting with lateral luxation of permanent teeth during 2001,2002 were enrolled in this clinical study. Laterally luxated teeth were repositioned and splinted with a TTS/composite resin splint for 4 weeks. Immediate (prophylactic) root-canal treatment was performed in severely luxated teeth with radiographically closed apices. All patients received tetracycline for 10 days. Re-examinations were performed after 1, 2, 3, 6, 12 and 48 months. Results:, All 47 laterally luxated permanent teeth that could be followed over the entire study period survived. In 10 teeth (21.3%), a prophylactic root-canal treatment was performed within 2 weeks following injury. The remaining 37 teeth showed the following characteristics at the 4-year re-examination: 19 teeth (51.4%) had pulp survival (no clinical or radiographic signs or symptoms), nine teeth (24.3%) presented with pulp canal calcification, and pulp necrosis was seen in another nine teeth (24.3%), within the first year after trauma. None of the teeth with a radiographically open apex at the time of lateral luxation showed complications. External root resorption was only seen in one tooth. Conclusions:, Laterally luxated permanent teeth with incomplete root formation have a good prognosis, with all teeth surviving in this study. The most frequent complication was pulp necrosis that was only seen in teeth with closed apices. [source]

Pulp capping with adhesive resin-based composite vs. calcium hydroxide: a review

DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 6 2000
A. H. B. Schuurs
Abstract , The results of some short-term experiments suggest that direct capping of a vital pulp with the modern resin-based composite systems may be as effective as capping with calcium hydroxide. Total cavity etching with 10% phosphoric acid seems to be safe for the exposed pulp, but unless annulled by calcium hydroxide 35% phosphoric acid may be disastrous. For hemostasis and cleaning of the pulp wound both sodium hypochlorite and saline seem suitable, whereas the effectiveness of a 2% chlorhexidine solution is questionable. Although hard-setting calcium hydroxide cements may induce the formation of dentin bridges, they appear not to provide an effective long-term seal against bacterial factors. Within a few years, the majority of mechanically exposed and capped pulps show infection and necrosis due to microleakage of such capping materials and tunnel defects in the dentin bridges. It is unknown whether newer types of resin containing calcium-hydroxide-products will act as a permanent barrier. The cytotoxicity of the resin-based composites and the temperature rise during polymerisation may not be of concern, but microleakage, sensitisation and allergic reactions may pose problems. Based on available data, pulp capping with resin-based composites may be said to be promising, but more and long-term research is mandatory before the method can be recommended. [source]

Pulp and paper mill effluents induce distinct gene expression changes linked to androgenic and estrogenic responses in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY, Issue 2 2010
Julieta Werner
Abstract Although effluent treatment systems within pulp and paper mills remove many toxicants and improve wastewater quality, there is a need to understand and quantify the effectiveness of the treatment process. At a combined news and kraft pulp and paper mill in northwestern Ontario, Canada, fathead minnow (FHM) reproduction and physiology were examined before, during, and after a short-term (6-d) exposure to 10% (v/v) untreated kraft mill effluent (UTK), 25% (v/v) secondary treated kraft mill effluent (TK), and 100% (v/v) combined mill outfall (CMO). Although UTK exposure significantly decreased egg production, neither TK nor CMO caused any reproductive changes. The expression of six genes responsive to endocrine-disrupting compounds, stress, or metals was then examined in livers of these fish using real-time polymerase chain reaction. In female FHMs, none of the three effluents induced significant expression changes in any genes investigated. By contrast, in males there were significant increases in the mRNA levels of androgen receptor, estrogen receptor (ER) ,, and cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) upon UTK and TK exposure but no changes in ER, or vitellogenin (VTG) gene expression, whereas CMO exposure significantly increased the mRNA levels of ER,, VTG, and CYP1A. Together, these results suggest that kraft effluent before and after biological treatment contained compounds able to induce androgenic effects in FHMs, and that combination of kraft and newsmill effluents eliminated the androgenic compounds while inducing distinct and significant patterns of gene expression changes that were likely due to estrogenic compounds produced by the newsmill. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:430,439. © 2009 SETAC [source]

Ilim Pulp, blending former Russian state enterprises, creates a corporate university to change culture, become an industry leader

GLOBAL BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONAL EXCELLENCE, Issue 5 2010
Marina O. Latuha
This article describes the establishment of a corporate university in a Russian company. Following the economic restructuring of the country, training and personnel development became vital ingredients in the company's long-term strategy. In these turbulent conditions, the company realized that it needed to have the training and personnel development characterized by continuity on the one hand and revolutionary changes in organizational culture on the other. If this could be achieved, it would encourage entrepreneurship, innovation, and change in the internal processes of the organization. The case describes the stages, programs, and basic components of the corporate university model. It not only illustrates the basic issues in the application of corporate training theory, but also analyzes the risks and problems for the company in the project's realization. The article concludes with a description of how the corporate university developed after its initiation, and some conclusions about the overall success of the project. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source]

Ideas and Environmental Standard-Setting: A Comparative Study of Regulation of the Pulp and Paper Industry

GOVERNANCE, Issue 1 2002
Kathryn Harrison
This article examines the policy responses of Canada, Sweden, and the United States to the discovery of dioxins in pulp mill effluents and paper products, with particular attention to the impact of science and the scientific community on national environmental standards. Important areas of policy divergence were found, despite considerable scientific consensus among environmental scientists in the three jurisdictions, as the potential force of shared causal knowledge was undermined by competing domestic interests and different institutional contexts for decision-making. This analysis challenges the emphasis of the epistemic community literature on the role of scientists in promoting policy convergence, underscoring the importance of the interaction of ideas, interest group politics, and institutions in public policy-making. [source]

Pulp handling by vertebrate seed dispersers increases palm seed predation by bruchid beetles in the northern Amazon

JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY, Issue 6 2002
Kirsten M. Silvius
Abstract 1The simultaneous use of fruits and seeds by invertebrate seed predators and vertebrate seed dispersers produces complex ecological interactions that reduce the predictability of seed fate. 2Cocosoid palm seeds in the Neotropics are subject to high mortality by bruchid beetle infestation and such attack is the major cause of mortality for seeds of the palm Attalea maripa at our study site in the northern Brazilian Amazon. 3The exocarp and mesocarp of 1400 fruits were manipulated in different ways to simulate handling by vertebrates. No eggs of the bruchid beetle, Pachymerus cardo, were laid on intact control fruits, while the highest numbers of eggs were received by fruits whose exocarp and mesocarp had been partially removed, as if by primates and rodents (mean of 15.9 and 18.9 eggs fruit,1, respectively, during the peak fruiting season). Fruits with intact mesocarp but no exocarp, and fruits with all mesocarp and exocarp removed, received low numbers of eggs (mean of 4.6 and 6.6 eggs per fruit, respectively, during the peak fruiting season). Thus both exocarp and mesocarp deter oviposition, and removal of these fruit structures increases fruit susceptibility to infestation. 4Oviposition rates declined as the fruiting season progressed, but oviposition preferences remained the same. Seed mortality was high for any fruit on which eggs were laid. 5Large rodents and primates, which have been considered among the most effective seed dispersers for large-seeded Neotropical trees such as palms, actually increased the susceptibility of seeds to bruchid beetle attack. Removal of (intact) seeds by other dispersers may be necessary to ensure seed survival. 6These results indicate that the reliability of seed dispersers cannot be gauged without a complete understanding of variables that affect seed viability. [source]

Comparison of Commercial Enzymes for the Processing of Marula Pulp, Wine, and Spirits

JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 6 2002
M. Fundira
ABSTRACT: Commercial enzymes were compared in this study to improve the yield and clarification of marula fruit (Sclerocarya berria sub. caffra) juice. An increase in yield of up to 12% in juice treated with the enzyme Rapidase Filtration was recorded. A 15-fold improvement in juice clarity and an increase in total terpenes were observed after treatment with prefermentation processing enzymes. Post-fermented marula wine was treated with enzymes to hydrolyze bound monoterpenes. An increase in the free monoterpenes of at least 92% was observed in enzyme-treated juice. The different enzymes had both positive and negative effects on the flavor of the juice, wine, and distillate. Trenolin Bukett increased the aroma profile of the wine, while it remained closely related to the unaltered marula profile of the control. AR2000 had an overwhelming effect on the flavor profile, but the risk of deviating from the typical marula flavor was high. [source]

Comprehensive Analysis of Expressed Sequence Tags from the Pulp of the Red Mutant ,Cara Cara' Navel Orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck)

JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY, Issue 10 2010
Jun-Li Ye
Expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis of the pulp of the red-fleshed mutant ,Cara Cara' navel orange provided a starting point for gene discovery and transcriptome survey during citrus fruit maturation. Interpretation of the EST datasets revealed that the mutant pulp transcriptome held a high section of stress responses related genes, such as the type III metallothionein-like gene (6.0%), heat shock protein (2.8%), Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (0.8%), late embryogenesis abundant protein 5 (0.8%), etc. 133 transcripts were detected to be differentially expressed between the red mutant and its orange-color wild genotype ,Washington' via digital expression analysis. Among them, genes involved in metabolism, defense/stress and signal transduction were statistical overrepresented. Fifteen transcription factors, composed of NAM, ATAF, and CUC transcription factor (NAC); myeloblastosis (MYB); myelocytomatosis (MYC); basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH); basic leucine zipper (bZIP) domain members, were also included. The data reflected the distinct expression profile and the unique regulatory module associated with these two genotypes. Eight differently expressed genes analyzed in digital were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. For structural polymorphism, both simple sequence repeats and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) loci were surveyed; dinucleotide presentation revealed a bias toward AG/GA/TC/CT repeats (52.5%), against GC/CG repeats (0%). SNPs analysis found that transitions (73%) outnumbered transversions (27%). Seventeen potential cultivar-specific and 387 heterozygous SNP loci were detected from ,Cara Cara' and ,Washington' EST pool. [source]

Construction and Characterization of a cDNA Library from the Pulp of Cara Cara Navel Orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck)

JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY, Issue 3 2006
Neng-Guo Tao
Abstract A cDNA library was constructed and characterized from the pulp of Cara Cara navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) at different stages of ripening. Tittering results revealed that approximately 5.086 × 105 independent clones were included in this library. Electrophoresis gel results of 15 randomly selected clones revealed that the size of the insertion fragments ranged from 400 bp to 2 kb, with an average size of 900 bp. Sequencing results of 150 randomly picked clones showed that the recombination rate was 94%. During subsequent sequence analysis, 41 of 139 clones failed to be identified and the amino sequence of 71 clones shared less than 30% identity with related plants in GenBank. Of 27 clones whose amino sequences shared more than 60% identity with other related plants in GenBank, 17 clones showed an 80% identity with the corresponding candidate genes of citrus. The clone recognized as the type III metallothionein-like (MT) gene was observed to occur 13 times, indicating that the protein may play an important role in fruit development and ripening. (Managing editor: Li-Hui Zhao) [source]

Marc concentration of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L) in relation to sucrose storage

JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 3 2005
Christa M Hoffmann
Abstract Pulp as a feed stuff produced in the sugar factory is estimated by the marc concentration in sugar beet, which consists of the insoluble cell wall compounds. To identify factors affecting level and development of marc concentration during the growing season, several field trials and pot experiments were carried out in 2000, 2001 and 2002. The results show that marc concentration decreased until 100 days after sowing, but then did not change markedly until October, when it ranged between 34 and 45 g kg,1 beet. Marc concentration was affected more by site and variety than by year. Differences in marc concentration were already established very early in the season (65 days after sowing). This was attributed to the formation of cambial rings and parenchyma cells in the root during this period, which determine sucrose storage. There was a positive correlation between marc and dry matter, sucrose and betaine, but a negative correlation to root yield and amino N. Marc concentration was about 10% lower than reported in the past, which is supposed to be due to a change in the optimal cell volume for sucrose storage and the cell wall thickness of new sugar beet varieties. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry [source]

Periapical lesion progression and cytokine expression in an LPS hyporesponsive model

INTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 7 2001
A. F. Fouad
Abstract Aim The purpose of this study was to compare periapical lesion progression and the expression of the bone modulating cytokines IL-1,, TNF-,, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-11 in periapical lesions of normal and C3H/HeJ (LPS hyporesponsive) mice. Methodology Pulps of both mandibular first molars from C3H/HeJ and BALB/c (normal) mice were exposed and inoculated with normal mouse oral microorganisms for 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. After euthanasia, specimens were prepared for histological examination. A quantitative evaluation of the lesional area and immunohistochemical stain counts was performed. Results There were no statistically significant differences in progression of periapical lesions for both mouse strains with time (two-factor anova, P > 0.05). The immunohistochemical staining revealed no overall differences between the two strains in levels of expression of the cytokines (P > 0.05). IL-11 expression did not change from control levels in BALB/c mice, but correlated with the expression of IL-6 and IL-4 in C3H/HeJ mice. Conclusion Responsiveness to LPS may not be significant in the pathogenesis of periapical lesions and in cytokine expression within the lesions, when the lesions are induced by non-specific oral flora. [source]

Delignification of Pinus taeda wood chips treated with Ceriporiopsis subvermispora for preparing high-yield kraft pulps,

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY, Issue 4 2002
Régis Mendonça
Abstract Pinus taeda wood chips were treated with the white-rot fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora in 20-dm3 bioreactors for periods varying from 15 to 90 days. Decayed samples, non-inoculated controls and extractive-free wood samples were submitted to kraft pulping using 25% of sulfidity and different active alkali concentrations in the cooking liquor. Cooking reactions were carried out isothermally at 170,°C. Residual lignin contents of pulps prepared from biotreated wood chips were lower than those observed in pulps from the undecayed control. Delignification kinetic studies showed that the initial delignification phase was accelerated and shortened by the fungal pretreatment. At a cooking time fixed before the end of the bulk delignification phase, the fungal pretreatment provided pulps with significantly lower kappa numbers or pulps with a fixed kappa number were obtained by reducing the amount of active alkali added to the liquor. Pulps of kappa 80 were obtained both from the undecayed control cooked with 20.8% of active alkali and from the 15-day-biotreated sample cooked with only 15% of active alkali. The biopulping benefits were neither proportional to the extent of the biodelignification nor to the biological removal of some specific wood component. DFRC-determination (derivatization followed by reductive cleavage) of the amount of aryl,ether linkages in residual lignins of biotreated samples indicated an extensive depolymerization during the initial stages of biodegradation, which suggested that bio-depolymerized lignin was easily released during the first stages of cooking, resulting in a faster and shorter initial delignification phase. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry [source]

Re-Covering Modernism: Pulps, Paperbacks, and the Prejudice of Form

THE JOURNAL OF POPULAR CULTURE, Issue 3 2010
Evan Elkins
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Modification of High Lignin Content Kraft Pulps with Laccase to Improve Paper Strength Properties.

BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS, Issue 1 2004

Laccase was reacted with gallic acid in the presence of a high-, (91) kraft pulp. The result was a modified pulp with 34%, 20%, and 72% improvements in burst, tensile, and wet tensile strength compared to untreated control samples. Fully bleached pulps were not responsive to the laccase treatment, indicating lignin was the major target for the fiber modification. The results indicate that the strength increases were a combined effect of improvements of hydrogen bonding between fibers and creation of phenoxy radical cross-links within the sheet. [source]

Studies on the development of beverages using fruit juice/pulp, separated milk and reconstituted skim milk

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAIRY TECHNOLOGY, Issue 4 2003
F C Shukla
Studies were carried out on the development of beverages using fruit juice/pulp, separated milk and reconstituted skim milk. Beverages were prepared by blending juice/pulp from apples, bananas, guavas, litchis and mangos at four different concentrations (100, 200, 300 and 400 g/L) with separated and reconstituted skim milk. Organoleptic evaluation of the beverages showed that apple juice and guava pulp could be blended at up to 300 and 100 g/L in milk products, respectively. Banana and mango pulp could also successfully be used at up to 200 g/L in separated milk and reconstituted skim milk. Litchi juice could be blended up to 300 g/L in separated milk and 200 g/L in reconstituted skim milk. [source]

Expression of Pit2 sodium-phosphate cotransporter during murine odontogenesis is developmentally regulated

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 6 2006
Dawei Zhao
Different sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate (Pi) uptake mechanisms play a major role in cellular Pi homeostasis. The function and detailed distribution patterns of the type III Na+ -phosphate cotransporter, PiT-2, in different organs during development are still largely unknown. We therefore examined the temporospatial expression patterns of Pit2 during murine odontogenesis. Odontoblasts were always devoid of Pit2 expression, whereas a transient, but strong, expression was detected in young secretory ameloblasts. However, the stratum intermedium and, later on, the papillary layer and cells of the subodontoblastic layer, exhibited high levels of Pit2 mRNA, which increased gradually as the tooth matured. Hormonal treatment or Pi starvation of tooth germs in vitro did not alter Pit2 levels or patterns of expression, indicating mechanisms of regulation different from those of PiT-1 or other cell types. PiT-2 also functions as a retroviral receptor, and functional membrane-localized protein was confirmed throughout the dental papilla/pulp by demonstrating cellular permissiveness to infection by a gammaretrovirus that uses PiT-2 as a receptor. The distinct pattern of Pit2 expression during odontogenesis suggests that its Pi -transporter function may be important for homeostasis of dental cells and not specifically for mineralization of the dental extracellular matrices. The expression of viral receptors in enamel-forming cells and the dental pulp may be of pathological significance. [source]

Effect of root surface treatment with propolis and fluoride in delayed tooth replantation in rats

DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 6 2008
Jéssica Lemos Gulinelli
Nevertheless, an extended extraoral period damages the periodontal ligament and results in external root resorption. The purpose of this study was to assess by histologic and histometric analysis, the influence of propolis 15% (natural resinous substance collected by Apis mellifera bees from various plants) and the fluoride solution used as root surface treatment on the healing process after delayed tooth replantation. Thirty Wistar (Rattus norvegicus albinus) rats were submitted to extraction of their upper right incisor. The teeth were maintained in a dry environment for 60 min. After this, the pulp was extirpated and the papilla, enamel organ and periodontal ligament were removed with scalpel. The teeth were divided into three experimental groups: Group I , teeth immersed in 20 ml of physiologic saline; Group II , teeth immersed in 20 ml of 2% acidulated phosphate sodium fluoride; Group III , teeth immersed in 20 ml of 15% propolis. After 10 min of immersion in the solutions, the root canals were dried and filled with calcium hydroxide paste and the teeth were replanted. The animals were euthanized 60 days after replantation. The results showed that similar external root resorption was seen in the propolis and fluoride groups. Teeth treated with physiologic saline tended to have more inflammatory root resorption compared with those treated with fluoride or propolis. However, the comparative analysis did not reveal statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) between the treatment modalities when used for delayed tooth replantation. [source]

Pulpal responses to bacterial contamination following dentin bridging beneath hard-setting calcium hydroxide and self-etching adhesive resin system

DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2008
Yuichi Kitasako
Class V cavities were prepared on 30 monkey teeth, and the pulps were exposed with a carbide bur through the cavity floor. Each exposed pulp was capped with either DY or 2V. The cavities were restored with a hybrid resin composite. The resin composite was removed at 180 days after capping, and then cavities were left open to the oral environment for 2 weeks to obtain bacteria contamination DY (BDY) and 2V (B2V; n = 10). A non-bacterial-contaminated group capped with DY was used as control. After bacterial challenges, inflammatory cell infiltration, incidence and differentiation of dentin bridges were evaluated histologically. There were significant differences in the presence of inflammatory cell infiltration among all groups (P < 0.05). No moderate or severe inflammatory reaction was found in Group DY. Group BDY showed moderate or severe inflammatory cell infiltration in 50%, and showed four necrotic specimens. Although no statistically significant difference was found in the formation and differentiation of dentin bridges among all groups, tunnel defects in dentin bridges were detected in 70% (DY), 80% (BDY), and 50% (B2V). Group B2V showed a significantly lower presence of inflammatory cell infiltration than Group BDY (P < 0.05). Bonding agent is supposed to seal the exposure site, and the remaining bonding agent on the cavities was effective as the barrier in the dentin bridges after bacterial challenges. [source]

Surgical extrusion of a crown-root fractured immature permanent incisor: 36 month follow-up

DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 6 2007
Zuhal K
Abstract,,, Crown-root fracture is defined as a fracture involving enamel, dentin and pulp and can be classified as either complicated or uncomplicated. The tooth with crown-root fracture presents a lot of problems during coronal restorations and extraction was formerly used in many cases. But loss of a permanent incisor in a young patient may create severe emotional problems and alternative treatment approaches must be considered. This report presents the successful results of a surgical extrusion of a complicated crown-root fractured, immature permanent incisor in a 9-year-old boy. Examination 36 months after the trauma indicated that the treatment had provided functional and esthetic results. [source]

Comparison of acidic fibroblast growth factor on collagen carrier with calcium hydroxide as pulp capping agents in monkeys

DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2007
Zhimei Li
Abstract,,, Acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) has been shown to facilitate wound healing by stimulating fibroblast proliferation and angiogenesis. It has also been reported to possess a powerful anti-apoptotic function This study compared the histological pulp responses to aFGF on collagen carrier and Ca(OH)2 placed on the mechanically exposed dental pulp in monkeys at two observation periods. Thirty-six teeth with pulp exposures were distributed into three groups according to the capping agents used prior to application of the coronal seal: collagen-based matrix carrier (group 1), aFGF on the collagen-based matrix carrier (group 2) and aqueous calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] paste (group 3). Specimens were harvested at 6 and 13 weeks postoperatively and prepared for hematoxylin and eosin, and Gram staining. Histological qualitative evaluation of pulp responses were performed under the light microscope following criteria modified from Cox et al. (17) and Hu et al. (18). Semi-quantitative analysis was also carried out using Kruskal,Wallis and Mann,Whitney U -tests. There was neither negligible inflammatory infiltrates with no bacteria present in the three groups at both timings, nor was there any significant difference in the soft tissue organization among the three groups at or between the 6- and 13-week observation periods. At 6 weeks, the hard tissue barrier produced by Ca(OH)2 group (1.040 ± 0.089) was significantly more superior than aFGF/collagen carrier group (1.930 ± 0.825) (P = 0.030) as well as collagen carrier group (3.142 ± 1.069, P = 0.018). At 13 weeks, both aFGF/collagen carrier group (1.214 ± 0.485) and the collagen carrier group (1.457 ± 0.814) produced significantly better hard tissue barrier (P = 0.040 and P = 0.017, respectively) than earlier timing. However, these two groups did not induce significantly improved hard tissue barrier compared to that produced by aqueous Ca(OH)2 paste which stimulated matrix secretion in a polar tubular dentin-like pattern. [source]

Spontaneously healed horizontal root fracture in maxillary first premolar: report of a case

DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2007
Funda Kont Çobankara
Abstract,,, Root fractures of the posterior teeth are rare and occur as a result of severe trauma. This study describes the horizontal root fracture of a maxillary first premolar. The fractured roots were discovered during a routine radiographic examination. The tooth was asymptomatic and responded positively to electric pulp testing. The patient reported accidental trauma, which occurred 14 years before. Our case is an example of spontaneously healed fractured roots. The interesting findings were that the healing was observed even in the presence of two roots, including preservation of the vitality of the pulp. [source]

Repair of untreated horizontal root fracture: a case report

DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2003
Murat Özbek
Abstract ,,,We report a clinical case of horizontal root fracture in the mandibular first premolar induced by a traffic accident. The fractured tooth spontaneously healed and diagnosed radiographically after 2 years. Fractured fragments were separated by a narrow radiolucent line and the edges were rounded, and healing of the tooth is likely to be related to interproximal connective tissue healing. Our case is an example of spontaneously healed fracture roots. An interesting finding is that the healing was observed even in the presence of two root canals, the vitality of the pulp was preserved and displacement of fragments were prevented. [source]

Effect of treatment delay upon pulp and periodontal healing of traumatic dental injuries , a review article

DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2002
J.O. Andreasen
Abstract,,,Based on an analysis of the literature concerning parameters influencing the prognosis of traumatic dental injuries, few studies were found to have examined possible relationships between treatment delay and pulpal and periodontal ligament healing complications. It has been commonly accepted that all injuries should be treated on an emergency basis, for the comfort of the patient and also to reduce wound healing complications. For practical and especially economic reasons, various approaches can be selected to fulfill such a demand, such as acute treatment (i.e. within a few hours), subacute (i.e. within the first 24 h), and delayed (i.e. after the first 24 h). In this survey the consequences of treatment delay on pulpal and periodontal healing have been analyzed for the various dental trauma groups. Applying such a treatment approach to the various types of injuries, the following treatment guidelines can be recommended, based on our present rather limited knowledge of the effect of treatment delay upon wound healing. Crown and crown/root fractures: Subacute or delayed approach. Root fractures: Acute or subacute approach. Alveolar fractures: Acute approach (evidence however questionable). Concussion and subluxation: Subacute approach. Extrusion and lateral luxation: Acute or subacute approach (evidence however questionable). Intrusion: Subacute approach (evidence however questionable). Avulsion: If the tooth is not replanted at the time of injury, acute approach; otherwise subacute. Primary tooth injury: Subacute approach, unless the primary tooth is displaced into the follicle of the permanent tooth or occlusal problems are present; in the latter instances, an acute approach should be chosen. These treatment guidelines are based on very limited evidence from the literature and should be revised as soon as more evidence about the effect of treatment delay becomes available. [source]

Prevalence of dental trauma in 5,6- and 12,14-year-old boys in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2001
Ibrahim Al-Majed
Abstract , This study involved 354 boys aged 5,6 years and 862 boys aged 12,14 years, attending 40 schools in Riyadh. All children were examined at school by a single dental examiner, using criteria similar to those employed in the survey of children's dental health in the United Kingdom. The prevalence of dental trauma in 354 Saudi boys aged 5,6 years was 33%. The most common type of dental trauma was fracture of enamel (71%) followed by loss of tooth due to trauma (13%), fracture into enamel and dentine (7%), discolouration (5%), pulp involvement (4%). No relationship between the degree of overjet and the occurrence of dental trauma in the primary dentition was observed. The prevalence of dental trauma in 862 12,14-year-old boys was 34%. The commonest dental trauma was fracture of enamel (74%) followed by fracture into enamel and dentine (15%), fracture into enamel-dentine and pulp (5%), loss of tooth due to trauma (3%), and discolouration (0.4%). A significant relationship (P=0.02) between the increased overjet (, 6 mm) and the occurrence of dental trauma in the permanent dentition was reported. The present study found no evidence of dental care provided for traumatised primary incisors in 5,6-year-old boys. The treatment of dental trauma in 12,14-year-old boys was negligible (2.4%). The present Saudi Arabian study showed higher prevalence of dental trauma in 5,6- and 12,14-year-old boys than the reported results of the United Kingdom Children's Dental Health Survey of the same age groups. [source]