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Pulmonary Pathology (pulmonary + pathology)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences88%

Selected Abstracts

British Division of the International Academy of Pathology

HISTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2004
J Van Den Tweel
Spring 2004 Symposium on Dermatopathology. Brussels, Belgium 10--15 October 2004 XXVth International Congress. Brisbane, Australia 26--27 November 2004 Symposium on Pulmonary Pathology. London, UK [source]

Pulmonary pathology of Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene carrying methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia,

HISTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2007
A M Quadri
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Pulmonary pathology in patients with AIDS: an autopsy study from Mumbai

HIV MEDICINE, Issue 4 2001
DN Lanjewar
Objective Although India has a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS, the associated pathologies responsible for morbidity have not been evaluated previously in a representative study. Hence, an autopsy study was carried out to analyse the spectrum of pulmonary lesions in patients with HIV/AIDS. Methods A retrospective and prospective autopsy study was carried out during 1988,2000 at Mumbai, India. Lungs from 143 adults, with at least 10 sections from each case, were examined using routine and special stains. Results The risk factors for 97 men (68%) and 38 women (27%) included: heterosexual sex with multiple partners (135 cases, 95%); blood transfusions (three cases; 2%); sex between men (two cases; 1%); and unknown risk factors (three cases, 2%). Pulmonary pathology was observed in 126 (88%) cases. The lesions identified were tuberculosis (85 cases, 59%), bacterial pneumonia (26 cases, 18%), cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (10 cases, 7%), cryptococcosis (eight cases, 6%), Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (seven cases, 5%), aspergillosis (four cases, 3%), toxoplasmosis (two cases, 1%), Kaposi's sarcoma (one case, 1%), squamous cell carcinoma (one case, 1%). Two or more infections were observed in 18 (13%) cases. Conclusions Pulmonary diseases and risk factors among patients with AIDS in India differ from those reported in industrialized countries. Tuberculosis was the most frequently observed pulmonary infection, followed by bacterial pneumonia and CMV pneumonitis. In contrast with industrialized countries, PCP remains less common in our patients. The information on opportunistic infections obtained in this study will be useful for managing HIV/AIDS cases at district level hospitals where diagnosing specific HIV-associated diseases is not always possible. [source]

Aerosols and gaseous contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging of the lung

CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING, Issue 5 2008
Karim Mosbah
Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging of lungs and the investigation of pulmonary pathologies with this technique are limited by low proton spin density, degraded magnetic homogeneity and motion. Inhaled contrast agents (gases or aerosols) can improve the diagnostic value of MRI for lung. Paramagnetic contrast agents such as gadolinium chelates aerosol or dioxygen gas increase the relaxivity of proton in lung parenchyma and can be used to assess the ventilated fraction of the bronchoalveolar space. Similarly, inhalation of non proton-MRI nuclei such as perfluorinated gas or hyperpolarized gases (3He or 129Xe) can provide functional ventilation image. In this review paper, the principles, the practical implementation, the limitations and possible safety issues of these different techniques are summarized. The main pre-clinical and clinical applications of these approaches based on oral contrast agents are reviewed and illustrated with cutting-edge lung MRI studies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Oseltamivir Treatment Prevents the Increased Influenza Virus Disease Severity and Lethality Occurring in Chronic Ethanol Consuming Mice

ALCOHOLISM, Issue 8 2010
Ryan A. Langlois
Background:, Chronic consumption of ethanol (EtOH) is well recognized to lead to defective innate and adaptive immune responses and increase the severity of pulmonary infections. Our own studies have demonstrated that chronic EtOH consumption decreases CD8 T-cell immunity to influenza virus infections (IAV) leading to severe infections and mortality. Interestingly, antiviral treatment of IAVs has been shown to be compromised in mice and humans that are immuno-deficient. It is known that EtOH can alter the pharmacokinetics of antivirals. Therefore, the effectiveness of influenza antiviral therapy during chronic ethanol consumption remains in question. Methods:, BALB/c mice were placed on 18% (w/v) EtOH in their drinking water for 8 weeks. Chronic EtOH consuming and water controls were then treated with 10 mg/kg oseltamivir orally and infected intranasally with influenza virus 4 hours post-oseltamivir treatment. The mice were then treated with oseltamivir twice daily until day 7 postinfection. Influenza disease severity was measured by morbidity and mortality, pulmonary viral titers, and histology. Results:, Chronic EtOH consuming mice infected with IAV and treated with oseltamivir have decreased morbidity and mortality, pulmonary viral titers, and pulmonary pathology compared to untreated EtOH mice. Conclusions:, Despite the severe immune defect seen in chronic EtOH mice as well as the potential for EtOH to inhibit the conversion of oseltamivir into an active form, treatment with oseltamivir reduces viral shedding as well as disease severity. These data suggest that the combination of a limited adaptive immune response plus the anti-IAV drug oseltamivir is sufficient to curb high mortality and mediate resolution of IAVs in mice chronically consuming ethanol. [source]

Haemodynamic changes during positive-pressure ventilation in children

ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 5 2005
A. Kardos
Background:, Positive-pressure ventilation may alter cardiac function. Our objective was to determine with the use of impedance cardiography (ICG) whether altering airway pressure modifies the central haemodynamics in mechanically ventilated children with no pulmonary pathology. Central venous saturation (ScvO2) was measured as an indicator of tissue perfusion. Methods:, Twelve children between 7 and 65 months of age, requiring mechanical ventilation as a consequence of a non-pulmonary disease, were enrolled in the study. All patients had a central venous line as a part of their routine management. Using pressure controlled ventilation (PCV) the baseline PEEP value of 5 cmH2O (Pb5) was increased to 10 cmH2O (Pi10) and then to 15 cmH2O (Pi15). After Pi15, PEEP was decreased to 10 (Pd10) and then to 5 cmH2O (Pd5). Each time period lasted 5 min heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), central venous pressure (CVP), end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2), mean airway pressure (Paw), stroke volume index (SVI), cardiac index (CI) and central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) were recorded at the end of the five periods. Results:, The values of CI did not change when 10 and 15 cmH2O of PEEP were applied. Elevation of PEEP and thus Paw caused slight but not significant reductions in SVI and ScvO2 as compared to the baseline (Tb5). After reducing PEEP in Td5 we found statistically significant elevations of SVI and CI, as compared to Ti15 heart rate, ETCO2 and MABP remained unchanged. Conclusion:, We did not find significant haemodynamic changes following PEEP elevation in ventilated children, as measured using impedance cardiography. Reducing the value of PEEP to 5 cmH2O resulted in statistically significant SVI elevations. The values of ScvO2 remained unaffected. [source]

Cardiac and pulmonary late effects do not negatively influence performance status and non-relapse mortality of children surviving five yr after autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation: Report from the EBMT Paediatric Diseases and Late Effects Working Parties

PEDIATRIC TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 6 2009
Cornelio Uderzo
Abstract:, The current prospective study dealt with clinical outcome associated with pulmonary and cardiac late effects of AuHCT in children with malignancies. We prospectively evaluated 58 children, utilizing pulmonary function tests and cardiac shortening fraction, performed in pre-AuHCT phase and then annually. The overall five-yr survival was 68%. The five-yr cumulative incidence of lung and cardiac function impairment in survivors was 21% in both cases. None of the patients presented with restrictive or obstructive pulmonary pathology at the last follow-up and performance status for all survivors, ranged from 90% to 100%. The cumulative incidence of non-relapse mortality was 12.6% (range 6.3,25.3%), whereas relapse mortality was 19.7% (range 11.6,33.5). In conclusion, our study shows no significant deterioration in post-AuHCT pulmonary and cardiac function and in particular, no negative impact of lung and heart late effects on performance status and non-relapse mortality. [source]

Prenatal diagnosis and pulmonary pathology in congenital high airway obstruction sequence,

PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS, Issue 11 2009
Ingrid Witters
First page of article [source]