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Psychosocial Development (psychosocial + development)
Selected AbstractsCongenital polymicrogyria including the perisylvian region in early childhoodCONGENITAL ANOMALIES, Issue 1 2010Tomoyuki Takano ABSTRACT Six pediatric cases including four infants with congenital polymicrogyria including the perisylvian region are presented herein. Their clinical features were analyzed and compared with patients suffering from congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome (CBPS). Two specific abnormalities were diagnosed as accompanying disorders in two cases, namely Kabuki syndrome and Peters' anomaly. In the other four cases, the pathogenetic etiology was not elucidated. Subtle symptoms, such as choking and drooling became detectable in one case each, and expressive language development was delayed in two patients. A developmental delay became apparent in five cases during the follow-up period, and epilepsy was observed in one patient with onset at 12 years of age. Our results indicate that the presence of perisylvian polymicrogyria may not always result in the development of oropharyngoglossal dysfunction or dysarthria, although most patients tend to gradually show the onset of developmental disorders. To support cognitive and psychosocial development, an early integrated approach, including not only conventional speech and language therapy, but also various communication methods is essential for patients with congenital polymicrogyria including the perisylvian region. [source] The clinical outcomes of neonatal and childhood stroke: review of the literature and implications for future researchEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 7 2004C. Härtel A detailed assessment of clinical outcomes after ischemic stroke in childhood is necessary to evaluate prognostic factors. Previous studies are difficult to compare because of differences in test instruments, study design, heterogeneity of cohorts and number of included cases. Depending on neurodevelopmental assessment methods, major and subtle/minor disabilities, especially in infants, may not have been detected. Most outcome studies reveal only limited information about behavioral changes and quality of life in children with ischemic stroke. Thus the assumption that children make a better recovery from stroke than adults due to the immature brain's capacity to reorganize function is not evidence-based. We systematically review the current literature with regard to the neurological and psychosocial development of affected children as well as their quality of life. Implications for future research strategies follow the review to encourage further clinical study of the neurobehavioral trajectory of childhood stroke. [source] Recognizing Opportunities for Spiritual Enhancement in Young AdultsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING TERMINOLOGIES AND CLASSIFICATION, Issue 3 2001Roberta Cavendish PhD Purpose. To describe opportunities in the lives of young adults that strengthen or enhance spirituality. Methods. Descriptive, qualitative. Tape-recorded, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 well adults the ages 18 to 24. Interview transcripts, field notes, vignettes, and research committee minutes were analyzed to reduce coded data into conceptual categories and themes. Findings. Seven themes emerged from the participant's responses to probes: Beliefs, Connectedness, Inner Motivating Factors, Life Events, Divine Providence, Understanding the Mystery, and Walking Through. Conclusions. The accurate assessment of spiritual needs of young adults may be contingent on the assessment of their developmental needs. Knowing the opportunities that present in the lives of young adults to foster spiritual growth is important for nurses, who often are present when these opportunities occur. Practice Implications. Standardized language is limited for accurate nursing diagnosis of human responses in the spiritual domain. The findings support a new wellness nursing diagnosis, "Readiness for Enhanced Spirituality," to conceptualize a spirituality continuum and support wellness diagnoses. Search Terms: Nursing diagnosis, psychosocial development, religiosity, spirituality, transitions stage [source] Applying the developmental perspective in the psychiatric assessment and diagnosis of persons with intellectual disability: part II , diagnosisJOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH, Issue 1 2005A. Dosen Abstract Background The descriptive phenomenological categorical psychiatric diagnostic systems that are currently being used in the field of intellectual disability do not adequately provide for the special needs of persons with intellectual disability. Many relevant diagnostic questions are left unanswered or are only partially accounted for. This is particularly true for persons with low developmental levels. Method A solution to these stumbling blocks is sought in enhancing the contemporary categorical diagnostic systems by also applying methods derived from the developmental perspective. Result By taking the levels of emotional and personality development, in addition to other developmental aspects into account, the clinical picture becomes more comprehensible and explainable. Conclusion The integrative diagnosis that results from this combined approach provides an insight into the processes that have led to the disorder and enriches one's understanding of the presentation form of the disorder. This diagnosis is process- rather than symptom-oriented and is particularly useful with persons who have a low level of psychosocial development. [source] Proto-professionalism: how professionalisation occurs across the continuum of medical educationMEDICAL EDUCATION, Issue 1 2005Sean R Hilton Introduction, Professionalism and its assessment across the medical education continuum have become prominent topics in recent years. We consider the nature of professionalism and how it emerges and relates to the work carried out by doctors and doctors-in-training. Thesis and Discussion, We suggest 6 domains in which evidence of professionalism can be expected: ethical practice; reflection/self-awareness; responsibility for actions; respect for patients; teamwork, and social responsibility. Furthermore, we propose that a defining characteristic is encapsulated by the Greek term phronesis, or practical wisdom. Phronesis is acquired only after a prolonged period of experience (and reflection on experience) occurring in concert with the professional's evolving knowledge and skills base. The prior period we have termed as one of ,proto-professionalism'. Influences on proto-professionalism are considered in terms of moral and psychosocial development and reflective judgement. Conclusion, Curricula that develop meta-skills will foster the acquisition and maintenance of professionalism. Adverse environmental conditions in the hidden curriculum may have powerful attritional effects. [source] Developmental pathways in food allergy: a new theoretical frameworkALLERGY, Issue 4 2009A. DunnGalvin Background:, To date, there is no model of psychosocial development based on empirical food allergy (FA) research. This limits the ability of clinicians, researchers and policy-makers to predict and evaluate the real impact of FA on the child, with implications for prevention, treatment, intervention and health policy. Objectives:, To provide an integrated conceptual framework to explain the onset, development and maintenance of FA-related cognitions, emotions and behaviour, with particular attention to transition points. Method:, Fifteen focus groups meetings were held with 62 children (6,15 years). Developmentally appropriate techniques were designed to stimulate discussion, maintain interest and minimize threat to children's self-esteem. Data were analysed using grounded theory. Results:, FA impacts directly on children's normal trajectory of psychological development in both an age- and disease-specific manner. Six key themes emerged from the analysis: ,meanings of food'; ,autonomy, control and self-efficacy'; ,peer relationships'; ,risk and safety'; ,self/identity'; and ,coping strategies'. Conclusions:, Coping with FA is more than simply a strategy, it is a cumulative history of interactive processes (age, gender and disease specific) that are embedded in a child's developmental organization. Clinical Implications:, The early recognition and incorporation of an FA-specific developmental framework into a treatment plan is essential and sets the stage for an effective medical care and the eventual transition from paediatric to adult care. Capsule Summary:, This study represents a first attempt to provide an integrated developmental framework to explain the onset, development and maintenance of FA-related cognitions, emotions and behaviour. [source] Exploring the impact of parental involvement on student developmentNEW DIRECTIONS FOR STUDENT SERVICES, Issue 122 2008Deborah J. Taub This chapter considers the impact that parental involvement may have on the psychosocial development of college students. [source] An Asian American Perspective on Psychosocial Student Development TheoryNEW DIRECTIONS FOR STUDENT SERVICES, Issue 97 2002Corinne Maekawa Kodama Psychosocial student development theory based on predominantly white student populations may not be appropriate for Asian American students. The authors propose a new model of psychosocial development for Asian American students that takes racial identity and external influences into account. [source] Movement-to-music computer technology: a developmental play experience for children with severe physical disabilitiesOCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2007Cynthia Tam Abstract Children with severe physical disabilities often lack the physical skills to explore their environment independently, and to play with toys or musical instruments. The movement-to-music (MTM) system is an affordable computer system that allows children with limited movements to play and create music. The present study explored parents' experiences of using the MTM system with their children. A qualitative methodology employing in-depth interview techniques was used with six mothers and their children. The themes extracted from the data were organized under two main concepts of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) (WHO, 2001) framework. The results showed that the MTM expanded horizons for the child along the ICF health dimensions and the MTM had a positive impact on ICF environmental determinants of health. The small sample size should be noted as a limitation of this study. Further research should be carried out with a larger sample of children with restricted mobility to obtain a better understanding of the impact of MTM technology on children's psychosocial development. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Trauma and Dissociation: Treatment PerspectivesPERSPECTIVES IN PSYCHIATRIC CARE, Issue 3 2000Maryhelen C. Kreidler EdD topic. How advanced practice nurses can work with trauma survivors to decrease dissociation as a needed coping mechanism. purpose. To review the literature on trauma and dissociation as well as current treatment perspectives. sources. Review of the literature and authors'clinical experience. conclusions. Advanced practice nurses can use knowledge of selected psychopharmacological medications and Erikson's stages of psychosocial development to plan treatment for posttrauma clients. [source] Support and intervention groups for adolescents with cancer in two Ontario communities,CANCER, Issue S7 2006Maru Barrera PhD Abstract Adolescents who are treated for cancer must learn to negotiate challenging developmental tasks in the context of their treatment and adverse effects. Adverse affects of disease and treatment may prevent some of these adolescents from achieving full psychosocial development. Two programs developed independently to address the psychosocial and unique contextual needs of adolescents and young adults from different geographic regions in Ontario, Central urban and Northeastern rural, are described. The program in the urban area consists of eight 2-h sessions that combined structured creative activities and informal discussions of issues generated by adolescents; it includes a pre- post- intervention evaluation with standardized questionnaires. The Northeastern rural program consists of a monthly support open group that encourages sharing personal experiences and an annual expressive art retreat; both components include informal evaluation. Formal evaluation of these programs is in progress. Informal feedback from participants and parents suggest positive effects. These distinct and unique programs continue to evolve, as they address the unique psychosocial needs of adolescents and young adults in urban and rural areas. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society. [source] Long-term behavioural outcomes of pre-school mild traumatic brain injuryCHILD: CARE, HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 1 2010A. McKinlay Abstract Background Mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) is a leading cause of injury for children during their pre-school years. However, there is little information regarding the long-term outcomes of these injuries. Method We used fully prospective data from an epidemiological study of a birth cohort to examine behavioural effects associated with MTBI during the pre-school years. Cases of confirmed MTBI were divided into two groups, those that had received outpatient medical attention, and those that had been admitted to hospital for a brief period of observation (inpatient cases). The remainder of the cohort served as a reference control group. Results Mother/teacher ratings for behaviours associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant/conduct disorder, obtained yearly from age 7 to 13, revealed evidence of deficits after inpatient MTBI (n = 21), relative to more minor outpatient injury MTBI (n = 55) and the reference control group (n = 852). For the inpatient group there was evidence of increasing deficits over years 7,13. Conclusions More severe pre-school MTBI may be associated with persistent negative effects in terms of psychosocial development. The vulnerability of pre-school children to MTBI signals a pressing need to identify high-risk cases that may benefit from monitoring and early intervention. [source] | ||||||||||