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Psychological Distance (psychological + distance)
Selected AbstractsMaternal distancing and event memory at 20 monthsINFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 4 2003Nathalie Prudhomme Abstract Maternal distancing strategies (Sigel, 1993 in The Development and Meaning of Psychological Distance, Cocking R, Renninger KA (eds). Erlbaum: Hillsdale, NJ; 141,158) with 20-month-olds were analysed during a mother,child interaction in a free play situation. Then, they were related to memory performance of the children as assessed by the elicited imitation paradigm with 4 three-step sequences of actions (Bauer, Hertsgaard, Child Dev. 1993; 64:1204). The aim of this work was to (1) confirm that the Sigel's model of distancing could be used with very young children under two; (2) study relationships between maternal distancing that stimulate representational competence of the child and memory performance of the children. Results showed two different patterns of correlations depending on the sequence type: for enabling sequences, significant positive correlations were obtained for the first two distancing levels whereas for arbitrary sequences no correlation was found whatever the distancing level. As discussed, the first pattern brings new arguments in support of declarative memory before the age of 2 years and reframes the memory development in a Vygotskyian interactionist perspective. The second pattern of correlations calls for replication and more investigation about the processes implied in memory of very young children for different sequence types. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Private speech: a study of language for thought in the collaborative interaction of language learnersINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED LINGUISTICS, Issue 1 2004Frederick J. DiCamilla This article analyzes the speech of English-speaking college students of Spanish working in pairs to produce compositions in Spanish. Although there was considerable variability in the frequency of private speech from one dyad to another, the main goal of the study was to analyze those instances of private speech that could be clearly identified by both linguistic and paralinguistic evidence. Eight such excerpts are analyzed and discussed here. The analysis reveals that private speech of the participants facilitated two fundamental cognitive operations: focusing of attention and the creation of psychological distance. That is, private speech enabled the participants to concentrate on the task at crucial moments and to distance themselves from the problems they encountered, thereby achieving a perspective that in turn helped them to gain control in the performance of the task. It is argued that private speech that occurs in a social context can be identified and analyzed, and ultimately distinguished from social speech. [source] Identifying meta-clusters of students' interest in science and their change with ageJOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SCIENCE TEACHING, Issue 9 2009Ayelet Baram-Tsabari Abstract Nearly 6,000 science questions collected from five different web-based, TV-based and school-based sources were rigorously analyzed in order to identify profiles of K-12 students' interest in science, and how these profiles change with age. The questions were analyzed according to their topic, thinking level, motivation for and level of autonomy in raising the question, the object of interest and its magnitude, and psychological distance of the object in question from the asker. Characteristics of the asker, such as gender, grade level, and country of origin were also considered, alongside characteristics of the data source, such as language, setting (Internet, school, TV), and the potential science-attentiveness of the users. Six meta-clusters of children's and adolescents' interest in science were identified using cluster analysis of their self-generated science questions. A developmental shift in interest from non-classical to classical school science subjects was noted. Other age-related developments, such as an increase in thinking level as reflected by the questions, a decrease in organization level and the psychological distance of the object in question with age were also explored. Advantages and shortcomings of web-based data collection for educational research are discussed, as are the implications of the results obtained using this methodology for formal science education. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 46: 999,1022, 2009 [source] Maple Trees and Weeping Willows: The Role of Time, Uncertainty, and Affinity in Intergenerational DecisionsNEGOTIATION AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT RESEARCH, Issue 3 2008Kimberly A. Wade-Benzoni Abstract Some of the most important issues in business and society today involve a conflict of interest between present and future generations. In this article, I explore how resources are allocated across generations, articulate the role of psychological distance in intergenerational decisions, and develop the construct of intergenerational discounting. Intergenerational discounting is defined as the preference for smaller, highly probable benefits for oneself in the present to relatively larger but less certain benefits for others in the future. In three studies, I explore the role of three variables in intergenerational decisions, including time delay between decisions and their consequences, uncertainty about the future, and affinity with future generations. [source] Manipulating honorifics in the construction of social identities in Japanese television drama1JOURNAL OF SOCIOLINGUISTICS, Issue 4 2010Andrew Barke This study examines culturally-based ideologies concerning the use of Japanese honorifics in the construction of social identities through an analysis of dialogues in a Japanese television drama. The study assumes that the underlying or encoded meaning of Japanese honorific forms is social/psychological distance and considers ways in which speakers utilise differences in the encoded meanings of honorifics to construct a variety of social identities, including those that reflect membership within particular communities of practice. It also looks at how implicatures that arise through marked use of honorific forms are used to achieve specific interactional goals such as the expression of (im)politeness and the marking of change in the speaker's attitude toward the addressee/referent. [source] | ||||||||||