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Proton Shifts (proton + shift)
Selected AbstractsMetal-stabilized rare tautomers: N4 metalated cytosine (M = Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+ and Cs+), theoretical viewsAPPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 8 2003Majid Monajjemi Abstract Ab initio calculations indicate that metalation of the exocyclic amino group of cytosine by the elements of Group IA (Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs) induces protonation of a nucleobase ring nitrogen atom, and hence causes a proton shift from an exocyclic to an endocyclic nitrogen atom. Thus, this metal-assisted process leads to the generation of rare nucleobase tautomers. The calculations suggest that this kind of metalation increases the protonation energies of the aromatic ring of the nucleobase. The present study reports the quantum chemistry analysis of the metal-assisted tautomerization. The calculations clearly demonstrate that metalation of the exocyclic amino group of the nucleobase significantly increases the protonation energy of the aromatic rings of the nucleobase. Also, absolute anisotropy shift, molecular orbital and natural bond orbital calculations are compatible with these results. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] How Many Elementary Processes Are Involved in Base- and Acid-Promoted Aldol Condensations?EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 36 2007Shinichi Yamabe Abstract The title reactions were investigated by density functional theory calculations. MeRC=O + OH, + (H2O)8 (R = H and Me) and MeCH=O + H3O+ + (H2O)8 systems were adopted to trace the elementary processes. Eight water molecules were included to assure proton shifts through hydrogen bonds. The OH, -containing reactions were confirmed to have three elementary processes. Whereas the rate-determining step of the reaction of acetaldehyde is C,H bond scission, that of acetone is C,C bond formation. The H3O+ -containing reactions have two elementary processes. The reactivity difference between OH, - and H3O+ -promoted reactions was discussed in terms of their mobility and hydration strength. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007) [source] Tautomeric forms of adenine: Vertical ionization energies and Dyson orbitalsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, Issue 10 2010Raman K. Singh Abstract For the MP2/6-311++g(2df,p) optimized geometry of all the 14 adenine tautomers, the first three vertical ionization energies have been calculated using several electron propagator decouplings. The corresponding Dyson orbitals provide detailed insight into the role of structural variations in different adenine tautomers. Changes in the electron binding energies and the corresponding Dyson orbital amplitudes have been correlated with tautomeric proton shifts and changes in conjugation patterns. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010 [source] Accurate prediction of proton chemical shifts.JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY, Issue 16 2001Abstract Forty-five proton chemical shifts in 14 aromatic molecules have been calculated at several levels of theory: Hartree,Fock and density functional theory with several different basis sets, and also second-order Møller,Plesset (MP2) theory. To obtain consistent experimental data, the NMR spectra were remeasured on a 500 MHz spectrometer in CDCl3 solution. A set of 10 molecules without strong electron correlation effects was selected as the parametrization set. The calculated chemical shifts (relative to benzene) of 29 different protons in this set correlate very well with the experiment, and even better after linear regression. For this set, all methods perform roughly equally. The best agreement without linear regression is given by the B3LYP/TZVP method (rms deviation 0.060 ppm), although the best linear fit of the calculated shifts to experimental values is obtained for B3LYP/6-311++G**, with an rms deviation of only 0.037 ppm. Somewhat larger deviations were obtained for the second test set of 4 more difficult molecules: nitrobenzene, azulene, salicylaldehyde, and o -nitroaniline, characterized by strong electron correlation or resonance-assisted intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The results show that it is possible, at a reasonable cost, to calculate relative proton shieldings in a similar chemical environment to high accuracy. Our ultimate goal is to use calculated proton shifts to obtain constraints for local conformations in proteins; this requires a predictive accuracy of 0.1,0.2 ppm. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1887,1895, 2001 [source] Comparison of various density functional methods for distinguishing stereoisomers based on computed 1H or 13C NMR chemical shifts using diastereomeric penam ,-lactams as a test setMAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY, Issue 10 2007Keith W. Wiitala Abstract Full 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift assignments were made for two sets of penam ,-lactams: namely, the diastereomeric (2S, 5S, 6S)-, (2S, 5R, 6R)-, (2S, 5S, 6R)-, and (2S, 5R, 6S)-methyl 6-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylates (1,4) and (2S, 5R, 6R)-, (2S, 5S, 6R)-, and (2S, 5R, 6S)-6-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acids (6,8). Each penam was then modeled as a family of conformers obtained from Monte Carlo searches using the AMBER* force field followed by IEFPCM/B3LYP/6-31G(d) geometry optimization of each conformer using chloroform solvation. 1H and 13C chemical shifts for each conformer were computed at the WP04, WC04, B3LYP, and PBE1 density functional levels as Boltzmann averages of IEFPCM/B3LYP/6-311 + G(2d,p) energies over each family. Comparisons between experimental and theoretical chemical shift data were made using the total absolute error (|,, | T) criterion. For the 1H shift data, all methods were sufficiently accurate to identify the proper stereoisomers. Computed 13C shifts were not always successful in identifying the correct stereoisomer, regardless of which DFT method was used. The relative ability of each theoretical approach to discriminate among stereoisomers on the basis of proton shifts was also evaluated. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||