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Protection Laws (protection + law)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Law and Criminology	33%
Humanities and Social Sciences	33%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	33%

Selected Abstracts

International patterns of environmental policy change and convergence

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND GOVERNANCE, Issue 2 2005
Per-Olof Busch
Abstract The article gives an empirical overview of the international spread of 22 environmental policy innovations. The policy innovations examined in the article include administrative institutions (e.g. environmental ministries, scientific advisory bodies), laws (e.g. soil protection laws, packaging waste laws), instruments of environmental policy integration (e.g. national environmental policy plans, environmental impact assessment), energy taxes and eco-labels. On this empirical basis, recurring patterns in the global spread of environmental policy innovations are identified and linked to specific causal mechanisms through which this change occurs. In particular, the paper demonstrates how and to what extent non-obligatory diffusion, legal harmonization and coercive imposition matter as mechanisms of global environmental policy convergence. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [source]

(A-)typical and (in-)secure?

INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SECURITY REVIEW, Issue 4 2008
"non-standard" forms of employment in Europe, Social protection
Abstract Atypical forms of employment (part-time work, mini-jobs, fixed-term contracts and solo self-employment) have gained in importance overall in recent years in many European countries. They are often part of an irregular career pattern and carry a high risk of unemployment. In a 6-country comparison (Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Italy, Denmark and Poland) we consider whether and in what way national social protection laws cover the various forms of non-standard employment and the specific risks these entail. Significant variations were found in coverage standards and practices between countries as well as substantial variability within countries in their responses to different types of non-standard employment. A need for further and improved coordination of both social legislation and tax law is identified. [source]

Firm Performance, Governance Structure, and Top Management Turnover in a Transitional Economy*

JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, Issue 6 2006
Michael Firth
abstract Recent research has argued that political and regulatory environments have a significant impact on corporate governance systems. In particular, countries with poor investor protection laws and weak law enforcement have low levels of corporate governance that manifests itself in substandard financial performance, management entrenchment, and the expropriation of minority shareholders. One implication of this research is that China will have poor corporate governance and entrenched managers as its legal system is relatively underdeveloped and inefficient. However, using data on top management turnover in China's listed firms, our results refute the prediction of entrenched management. We find evidence of very high turnover of company chairmen and there are many cases that we interpret to be forced departures. Our results show that chairman turnover is related to a firm's profitability but not to its stock returns. Turnover-performance sensitivity is higher if legal entities are major shareholders but the proportion of non-executive directors perversely affects it. We find no evidence that profitability improves after a change in chairman and this suggests that a firm's governance structure is ineffective as it is unable to recruit suitable replacements that can turn around its financial performance. [source]

The Privatization of Public Legal Rights: How Manufacturers Construct the Meaning of Consumer Law

LAW & SOCIETY REVIEW, Issue 3 2009
Shauhin A. Talesh
This article demonstrates how the content and meaning of California's consumer protection laws were shaped by automobile manufacturers, the very group these laws were designed to regulate. My analysis draws on and links two literatures that examine the relationship between law and organizations but often overlook one another: political science studies of how businesses influence public legal institutions, and neo-institutional sociology studies of how organizations shape law within their organizational field. By integrating these literatures, I develop an "institutional-political" theory that demonstrates how organizations' construction of law and compliance within an organizational field shapes the meaning of law among legislators and judges. This study examines case law and more than 35 years of California legislative history concerning its consumer warranty laws. Using institutional and political analysis, I show how auto manufacturers, who were initially subject to powerful consumer protection laws, weakened the impact of these laws by creating dispute resolution venues. The legislature and courts subsequently incorporated private dispute resolution venues into statutes and court decisions and made consumer rights and remedies largely contingent on consumers first using manufacturer-sponsored venues. Organizational venue creation resulted in public legal rights being redefined and controlled by private organizations. [source]

Copyright versus Database Right of Protection in the UK: The Bioinformatics Bone of Contention

THE JOURNAL OF WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, Issue 1 2006
Mahesh Madhavan
Bioinformatics is the development and use of databases for storing and interpreting genomic information. The information explosion in these databases has raised a plethora of intellectual property issues for the scientists who depend on them. Copyright and database protection are two notable and significant methods of exploiting innovations in bioinformatics. This article makes an in-depth analysis of the scope and utility of copyright and database protection laws in bioinformatics. This article focuses initially on the working of bioinformatics databases, and then delves into the issues and implications of copyright and database protection in bioinformatics. The article concludes that copyright in comparison to database laws serves as a better platform in keeping the balance between the interests of bioinformatics database makers and its users. [source]

Debating a whistle-blower protection act for employees of the Government of Canada

CANADIAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION/ADMINISTRATION PUBLIQUE DU CANADA, Issue 2 2005
Paul G. Thomas
Written at the time when Bill C-11 (the Public Servants Disclosure Protection Act) was still before Parliament, the article argues that the existing administrative policy on internal disclosure was judged prematurely to have failed. The complications of measuring the success of any whistle-blowing regime are noted. The comparative experience of four countries where whistle-blower protection laws exist demonstrates that the benefits of such laws in terms of promoting "right-doing" and correcting wrongdoing have been oversold. The article challenges the predominant view that a new parliamentary agency is necessary to deal with whistle-blowing. Ultimately, the success of any law will depend less on its detailed provisions and far more on a political and administrative culture in government that supports ethical awareness and responsible behavior. Sommaire: Fondé sur la prémisse selon laquelle la dénonciation est considérée à juste titre comme me activité moralement ambiguë, le présent article examine la manière dont le gouvernement libéral de Paul Martin en est arrivé a adopter un project de loi visant à encourager et à protéger les functionaries qui dénoncent les fautes sérieuses. Rédigé alors que le project de loi C-11 (Project de loi sur la protection des fonctionnaires dénonciateurs) était encore divan le Parlement, l'article prétend que la politique administrative existante sur la dénonciation interne a été prématurément accusée d'avoir échoué. Les complications consistant à mesurer le succès de tout régime de dénonciation sont notées. L'expérience comparative de quatre pays où il existe des lois sur la protection des dénonciateurs démontre que les avantages de telles lois en ce qui concerne la promotion des bienfaits et la correction des méfaits ont été exagérés. L'article contest l'opinion prédominante selon laquelle il est nécessaire d'avoir un nouvel organisme parlementaire pour traiter de la dénonciation. En fin de compete, le succès de toute loi dépendra moins de ses dispositions détaillées et beaucoup plus d'une culture politique et administrative au sein du gouvernement qui favorise la prise de conscience éthique et les comportements responsables. [source]