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Atrioventricular Valves (atrioventricular + valve)
Selected AbstractsNew Technique for Fenestration of the Interatrial SeptumJOURNAL OF INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY, Issue 4 2006MUTHUKUMARAN SIVAPRAKASAM M.R.C.P.C.H. Achieving controlled flow between the systemic and pulmonary venous circulations is desirable in many complex congenital heart diseases. This includes the Fontan circulation, primary pulmonary hypertension, double inlet ventricles, or hypoplastic left heart with obstruction to the atrioventricular valve. As no specific device is available for this purpose, we developed a balloon-mounted stent technique to achieve a predetermined-sized fenestration of an atrial baffle in a patient with Fontan circulation. The details of the technique are described. [source] Management of a cadaveric orthotopic liver transplantation in a pediatric patient with complex congenital heart diseasePEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, Issue 6 2006DENNIS E. FEIERMAN MD PhD Summary Pediatric orthotopic liver transplantations (OLT) are commonly performed nowadays. Two primary reasons for OLT in children are complications from either extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA) or inborn errors of metabolism. However, congenital liver disease may be associated with significant other congenital abnormalities. We present a case of a successful OLT in a pediatric patient with a history of EHBA, situs inversus, and complex congenital heart disease. The cardiac anomalies include dextrocardia, absence of the atrial septum (single atrium), single atrioventricular valve (a-v canal), and an incomplete ventricular septum. Prior surgery include a Kasai procedure for EHBA, banding of the proximal main pulmonary artery, and Broviac catheter placement. We present the anesthesia concerns and management for this complicated case. [source] Cells migrating from the neural crest contribute to the innervation of the venous pole of the heartJOURNAL OF ANATOMY, Issue 1 2008Victoria Hildreth Abstract Cells migrating from the neural crest are known to septate the outflow tract of the developing heart, and to contribute to the formation of the arterial valves, their supporting sinuses, the coronary arteries and cardiac neural ganglia. Neural crest cells have also been suggested to contribute to development of the venous pole of the heart, but the extent and fate of such cells remains unclear. In this study, in the mouse, it is shown that cells from the neural crest contribute to the parasympathetic and, to a lesser extent, the sympathetic innervation of the venous pole of the heart. Nerves within the venous pole of the heart are shown to be of mixed origin, with some being derived from the neural crest, while others have an alternative origin, presumably placodal. The neurons innervating the nodal tissue, which can exert chronotropic effects on cardiac conduction, are shown not to be derived from the neural crest. In particular, no evidence was found to support previous suggestions that cells from the neural crest make a direct contribution to the myocardial atrioventricular conduction axis, although a small subset of these cells do co-localize with the developing left bundle branch. We have therefore confirmed that cells from the neural crest migrate to the venous pole of the heart, and that their major role is in the development of the parasympathetic innervation. In addition, in some embryos, a population of cells derived from the neural crest persist in the leaflets of the atrioventricular valves, but their role in subsequent development remains unknown. [source] The heart of the South American rattlesnake, Crotalus durissusJOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY, Issue 9 2010Bjarke Jensen Abstract Most anatomical and physiological studies of the sauropsid heart have focused on species with extraordinary physiologies, and detailed anatomical descriptions of hearts from sauropsids with more common physiologies are therefore warranted. Here, we present a comprehensive study of the cardiac anatomy of the South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus). The cardiovascular physiology of this species has been investigated in a number of studies, whereas only a few cursory studies exist on the cardiac anatomy of viperid snakes. The heart of C. durissus is typically squamate in many regards. Both atria are thin-walled sacs, and the right atrium is the most voluminous. The single ventricle contains three major septa; the vertical septum, the muscular ridge (MR), and the bulbuslamelle. These partially divide the ventricle into three chambers; the systemic and left-sided cavum arteriosum (CA), the pulmonary and right-sided cavum pulmonale, and the medial cavum venosum (CV). The MR is the most developed septum, and several additional and minor septa are found within the CA and CV. An extraordinary thin cortical layer encloses the ventricle, and it is irrigated by a remarkably rich arborization of coronary arteries. Previous studies show high degrees of blood flow separation in the Crotalus heart, and this can only be explained by the coordinated actions of the septa and the prominent atrioventricular valves. J. Morphol. 271:1066-1077, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Prenatal Marfan syndrome: report of one case and review of the literaturePRENATAL DIAGNOSIS, Issue 8 2006K. R. M. Lopes Abstract Objectives Our objective was to describe the features of prenatal Marfan syndrome. Methods Doppler fetal echocardiograms were performed. The morphology and rhythm of the fetal heart were examined sequentially. Results The case was referred because of cardiomegaly and dilated great vessels. Sequential Doppler echocardiographic evaluation led to the diagnosis of prenatal Marfan syndrome. The main features are cardiomegaly, dysplastic atrioventricular valves with tricuspid regurgitation and dilated great vessels, which can be aneurysmal at their origin. The fetus died in utero at 39 weeks of gestation because of cardiac failure. Pathological study confirmed the Marfan habitus and complications. Molecular genetic study showed a de novo point mutation in exon 26 of the FBN1 gene. Conclusion We report a case of prenatal Marfan syndrome diagnosed by sequential evaluation of the cardiac signs, which are essential for prenatal diagnosis. The prognosis seems as poor as the neonatal one. The prenatal diagnosis is essential for adequate counselling. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Is serum troponin T a useful marker of myocardial damage in newborn infants with perinatal asphyxia?ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 2 2007S. Costa Abstract Aim: To assess the correlation of echocardiographic signs of myocardial damage to serum cardiac troponin T (cTnT) concentrations in newborn infants with perinatal asphyxia. Methods: Electocardiograms (ECG) and echocardiograms (Echo) were obtained during the first 24 h of life from 29 asphyxiated and 30 control infants and correlated with cTnT concentrations. The echocardiographic parameters included systolic ventricular performance, preload, afterload, diastolic function, stroke volume (SV), left ventricular output (LVO), hyperechogenity of the papillary muscles and insufficiency of the atrioventricular valves. Results: LVO and SV were lower but CTnT were significantly higher in asphyxiated than in control infants: 0.15 (010,0.23) vs. 0.05 (0.02,0.13), p < 0.001). Asphyxiated infants with signs of myocardial damage were associated with significantly higher cTnT than those without, 0.20 (0.11,0.28) and 0.11 (0.05,0.14 ug/L), p = 0.04. Conclusion: Cardiac troponin may prove to be valuable in evaluating myocardial damage in birth asphyxia. However, the degree of prematurity may complicate the assessment. [source] | |||||||||||||