Productive Life (productive + life)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


Opening Up Ownership: Community Belonging, Belongings, and the Productive Life of Property

LAW & SOCIAL INQUIRY, Issue 3 2007
Davina Cooper
Drawing on empirical data and property theory, this article explores the property structure of a "free school" and the work property performs there. At Summerhill, we can see a tension between two property registers. On the one hand, the founder and present members stress the importance of individual ownership; at the same time the school's property regime involves property-limitation rules, a dispersal of rights, collective forms of property, and cross-cutting, pluralized sites of institutional recognition. In exploring how this tension is manifested through property's work, the article focuses on property's contribution to a variegated social life at the school, analyzed in terms of personal, civic, and boundary relations. With belonging treated as the central component of property rather than exclusion or control, ways of understanding what constitutes property and how it works shift. [source]


Lifetime performances in Carora and Holstein cows in Venezuela

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETICS, Issue 2 2002
RITA RIZZI
A study was conducted in the Central-western region of Venezuela to investigate the lifetime performances of 7918 Carora and 3501 Holstein cows under two different levels of management (low and high) and covering a period from 1961 to 1995. Traits analysed were: herd life, productive life, number of calvings, lifetime milk yield, days in lactation over all lactations and daily milk yield. In Carora cows born from 1961 to 1986 a decrease in herd life, productive life and number of calvings was observed, whereas cows born between 1971 and 1972 showed the lowest lifetime productive traits. Performances of Holstein cows born in the 1981,1986 period were analysed and all traits decreased during this time period. In low level herds, Holsteins remained longer (98.5 months vs. 83.3 in herd life; 69.5 vs. 54.3 months in productive life) and had higher lifetime yield (20 925 vs. 18 589 kg) than those in high level herds, but daily milk yield was lower (8.4 vs. 11.0 kg/day). All lifetime performances were higher for Carora cows under the high level management: 116.8 vs. 112.1 months of herd life, 81.8 vs. 77.1 months of productive life, 5.8 vs. 5.2 calvings, 1616 vs. 1299 days of lactation, 16 194 vs. 11 912 kg of milk over all lactations and 6.5 vs. 4.6 kg milk/day. Survival estimates for year of birth were more variable in Holsteins than in Carora cows. Management influenced survival in Holsteins only, the low level showing higher values. Lebensleistung von Carora und von Holstein Kühen in Venezuela In der Zeitspanne zwischen 1961 und 1995 wurde in der zentral-westlichen Region Venezuelas Untersuchungen durchgeführt, um die Lebensleistung von 7918 Carora- und von 3501 Holstein-Kühen in zwei unterschiedlichen Managementstufen (niedrige und hohe) zu untersuchen. Die analysierten Aspekte bezogen sich auf: Alter beim Ausscheiden, Nutzungsdauer, Anzahl an Abkalbungen, Lebensleistung-Milch, Gesamtlaktationstage über alle Laktationen, tägliche Milchmenge. Bei den Carora Kühen, die zwischen 1961 und 1986 geboren wurden, beobachtete man eine Abnahme der Alters, der Nutzungsdauer und Anzahl an Abkalbungen, während man die niedrigsten Milchleistungen in Carora Kühen feststellte, die zwischen 1971 und 1972 geboren wurden. Die Holstein-Kühe, die im Zeitraum 1981,1986 geboren wurden zeigten in allen Bereichen eine Abnahme. Bei Herden in der niedrigen Managementstufe lebten die Holstein Kühe länger (98,5 Monate im Vergleich zu 83,3 Monate Alter beim Ausscheiden; 69,5 Monate im Vergleich zu 54,3 Monate Nutzungsdauer) und brachten eine höhere Lebensleistung-Milch (20 925 kg gegenüber 18 589 kg) im Vergleich zu den Kühen in Herden mit hohem Management, obwohl die Milchproduktion pro Tag geringer war (8,4 kg/Tag im Vergleich zu 11,0 kg/Tag). Alle Lebenszeitleistungen der Carora Kühe bei hoher Managementstufe waren dagegen höher: Alter beim Abgang 116,8 Monate im Vergleich zu 112,1 Monate, 81,8 Monate im Vergleich zu 77,1 Monate Nutzungsdauer, 5,8 Kalbungen im Vergleich zu 5,2 Kalbungen, 1616 Gesamtlaktationstage im Vergleich zu 1299 Gesamtlaktationstage, 16 194 kg Lebensleistung-Milch im Vergleich zu 11 912 kg und 6,5 kg Milch pro Tag im Vergleich zu 4,6 kg. Die Werte des Überlebens in Bezug auf das Geburtsjahr waren bei den Holstein Kühen variabler als bei den Carora Kühen. Die Anwendung von unterschiedlichen Managementstufen beeinflusste das Weiterleben nur bei den Holstein Kühen, da diese bei niedrigerer Managementstufe eine höhere Leistung zeigten. [source]


Studying the satisfaction of patients on the outcome of an aesthetic dermatological filler treatment

JOURNAL OF COSMETIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2008
Lúcia Helena Fávaro De Arruda MD
Summary Background, Many factors contribute to extend productive life in the modern world. Competition makes people worry about physical appearance, mostly in respect to facial and skin aging. This has motivated new developments in cosmetic dermatology and the need of evaluating patient satisfaction with the new proposed treatments. Poll questionnaire has been used for such evaluation, and the analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG) mapping obtained while the patient answers the satisfaction questionnaire may render the results less subjective. Objectives, The purpose of this paper is to study the satisfaction of a group of 33 women (mean age, 44 years) treated with hyaluronic acid filling of nasolabial folding or lips, combining the EEG brain mapping and questionnaire techniques. Methods, At the third month of evaluation, two networked personal computers were used for the EEG recording and for presenting the patient with a questionnaire about her well-being feeling; self-evaluation of her face; her satisfaction with the results of the aesthetic treatment; how the family, friends, and people at work evaluated the result of the treatment; and her decision to repeat the treatment and to recommend it to friends and family. Results, Poll results showed that patients were feeling well and were satisfied with the results of the aesthetic treatment. Furthermore, the regression EEG mappings showed patients to be satisfied with their appearance and with the treatment involving similar brain areas. Conclusion, Patients decided to undergo the treatment because they were already considering it (54%) or because they were dissatisfied with their lips or nasolabial folding (52%). The fact that the treatment was free of charge solidified the decision. Patients consider themselves as good-looking and they wanted to preserve such a condition. [source]


Cow-calf profitability and leptin genotyping

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Issue 1 2009
Jay Mitchell
Animal genetics; Trait valuation; Dairy profitability Abstract Profitability of cow-calf production is determined largely by market prices, calf weaning weights, and cow productive life. While producers individually have no effect on prices, weaning weights and productive life have genetic influences and hence can be altered by selection programs implemented by producers. We investigate the impact of a mutation in the leptin gene (exon 2; single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] 305) on cow-calf profitability. Prior research shows that this mutation has effects on performance and traits of fed cattle and milk production in dairy cows. Using data from a teaching-research herd, we find that it is also associated with calf weaning weights and cow productive life. A bio-economic stochastic simulation demonstrates that the mutation has statistically positive impacts on profits, suggesting that producers can profitably make use of this information. [source]


Parents' leisure: the impact of raising a child with down syndrome

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2005
Deborah O'Mullan Wayne MS
Abstract A healthy and productive life depends upon the balance between work, leisure, and activities of daily living. Gaining or regaining that balance is a core concept within occupational therapy. Raising a child with special needs is one factor that challenges parents in achieving a balance. The purpose of this research was to describe factors that affect the leisure occupations of these parents. A qualitative approach was used in which in-depth interviews and the adapted Barth Time Construction were administered to four married couples that were raising children with Down syndrome who were between seven and nine years of age. Data was examined through content analysis. Results indicated that the parents of children with Down syndrome had limitations in time available for leisure, changes in types of leisure engaged in, and an increase in planning for leisure activities. Despite overall satisfaction with the manner in which they allocated their time, parents frequently noted the potential benefits of incorporating more leisure into their daily lives. Limitations of the study include type and size of sample. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


The politics of action on AIDS: a case study of Uganda

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION & DEVELOPMENT, Issue 1 2004
James Putzel
This article examines the political dimensions of Uganda's progress in bringing a generalised HIV/AIDS epidemic under control. The article documents the history of the political processes involved in Uganda's battle against HIV/AIDS and analyses the complexities of presidential action and the relation between action at the level of the state and that taken within societal organisations. By the mid-1980s, Uganda was experiencing a full-blown epidemic, the virulence of which was connected with social dislocation and insecurity related to economic crisis and war. Political authorities faced the same challenge as other regimes experiencing the onslaught of AIDS in Africa. The epidemiological characteristics of HIV and AIDS,transmission through heterosexual activities, with a long gestation period, affecting people in the prime of their productive life,meant that action required wide-reaching changes in sexual behaviour, and the educational activities to achieve this, as well as relatively complex systems to monitor the virus and control medical practices (blood supplies, injection practices, mitigating drug delivery). The centralist character of the Museveni regime was crucial not only to mobilising state organisations and foreign aid resources, but also to ensuring significant involvement from non-state associations and religious authorities. The Ugandan experience demonstrates that there is a tension between the requirements for systematic action that a strong public authority can deliver and the need to disseminate information requiring a degree of democratic openness. The President was able to forge a coalition behind an HIV/AIDS campaign in part because the virus largely ignored the privileges of wealth and political power. With the development of antiretroviral therapy and the access that the wealthy can gain to these drugs, this basis for the broadest possible coalition to fight HIV/AIDS may be weakened in the future. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


Mechanisms of Regulation of Litter Size in Pigs on the Genome Level

REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS, Issue 2007
O Distl
Contents Improvement in litter size has become of great interest in pig industry as good fecundity is directly related to a sow's productive life. Genetic regulation of litter size is complex and the main component traits so far defined are ovulation rate, embryonic survival, uterus capacity, foetal survival and pre-weaning losses. Improvements using concepts of the quantitative genetics let expect only slow genetic progress due to its low heritability of approximately 0.09 for number of piglets born alive. Marker assisted selection allows to dissect litter size in its component traits and using molecular genetic markers for the components of litter size traits promises more progress and advantages in optimum balancing of the different physiological mechanisms influencing litter size. In this review, efforts being made to unravel the genetic determinants of litter size are accounted and discussed. For litter size traits, more than 50 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped and in more than 12 candidate genes associations confirmed. The number of useful candidate genes is much larger as shown by expression profiles and in addition, much more QTL can be assumed. These functional genomic approaches, both QTL mapping and candidate gene analysis, have to be merged for a better understanding of a wider application across different pig breeds and lines. Newly developed tools based on microarray techniques comprising DNA variants or expressed tags of many genes or even the whole genome appear useful for in depth understanding of the genetics of litter size in pigs. [source]


Livelihoods in Conflict: The Pursuit of Livelihoods by Refugees and the Impact on the Human Security of Host Communities

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, Issue 5 2002
Karen Jacobsen
This paper explores how long,term refugees pursue livelihoods, the impact this pursuit has on the human security of conflict,affected communities, and the ways in which international assistance can help. Refugees' pursuit of livelihoods can increase human security because economic activities help to recreate social and economic interdependence within and between communities, and can restore social networks based on the exchange of labour, assets and food. When refugees are allowed to gain access to resources and freedom of movement, and can work alongside their hosts to pursue productive lives, they would be less dependent on aid and better able to overcome the sources of tension and conflict in their host communities. The paper identifies how humanitarian programmes working with national governments can increase economic security and shore up the respective rights of both refugees and their host communities. Today, relief interventions are no longer expected solely to save lives in the short term, but also to lay the foundation for future development and to promote conflict resolution. [source]


I-CAN: A New Instrument to Classify Support Needs for People with Disability: Part I

JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES, Issue 4 2009
Vivienne C. Riches
Background, The supports paradigm has shifted focus from assessing competence and deficits among people with disabilities to identifying supports needed to live meaningful and productive lives in inclusive settings. Consequently, a rigorous and robust system is required that is capable of accurately determining the type and intensity of support needed and of allocating resources accordingly. The aim of the present study was to develop such a system to identify and classify support needs of people with disabilities based on the conceptual framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) [WHO, The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), Author, Geneva, 2001], and the supports concept [Mental Retardation: Definition, Classification and Systems of Support, 9th edn (1992), 10th edn (2002), American Association on Mental Retardation, Washington, DC). Method, A total of 1012 individuals with disabilities who were supported by accommodation and day programme organizations across the eastern states of Australia were assessed. The instrument was used in a team setting involving the person, their family and friends and staff as appropriate. Version 1 was administered with 595 people with disability. This version was refined according to qualitative and quantitative analyses. Another 342 individuals were assessed using Version 2, resulting in a combined data set for 936 individuals. Version 3 was then trialled with a further 76 individuals with disabilities. Results, Ten domain scales in Health and Well Being (HWB) and Activities and Participation (A&P) were explored and refined. The scales effectively discriminated a range of intensities of support for people with various disabilities, with the highest support needs generally recorded by individuals with multiple disabilities who were ageing. The instrument can be used to develop a profile of needed supports across the domain scales. These measure current and predicted support needs, and contribute to future planning. The team approach proved beneficial in this regard. Conclusions, The I-CAN is a useful instrument for effectively assessing the support needs of people with a disability using a person centred approach. It is effective in identifying support needs across health and well-being areas, and activities of daily living. [source]