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Processing Stages (processing + stage)
Selected AbstractsOCCURRENCE OF LISTERIA SPECIES IN THE PROCESSING STAGES OF FROZEN PEPPERJOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY, Issue 2 2007SOLMAZ LEE ABSTRACT The occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. in a frozen vegetable processing factory was investigated. From May to October 2002, four separate visits were made to the plant and during all of these visits, a total of 216 samples were collected at different stages of the cube and strip pepper processing line. Additionally, 28 swabs were taken from equipment and food-related contact surfaces. The cube and strip pepper processing lines include raw materials, washing, conveyor belt, scalding, cutting, sieving (drying), and the interior sieve of individually quick frozen (IQF), IQF and finished products. Swab samples were taken from the scalding tank, cooling tank, conveyor belt to IQF, interior part of IQF, mixing shovel of IQF, transport saddles and packaging materials. No Listeria spp. were isolated from the strip pepper processing stages, however, 26 out of 108 (24.1%) samples taken from the cube pepper processing stages were found to be contaminated with Listeria spp. Among these isolates, L. monocytogenes was not identified; however, Listeria welshimeri, Listeria innocua and Listeria ivanovii species were identified in 15, 6 and 5 of the tested samples, respectively. L. welshimeri and L. ivanovii were also isolated from three swab samples. These indicate that even though L. monocytogenes was not isolated, the presence of other Listeria species, particularly L. innocua, in the processing line would be an important criterion for eventual L. monocytogenes contaminations. Thus, periodic controls and application of general hygiene and sanitation principles are necessary in the prevention of possible contaminations. [source] The soft-output principle,reminiscences and new developments,EUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS, Issue 8 2007Peter A. Hoeher A major breakthrough in digital communications was the provisioning of ,soft' outputs at each processing stage, with appropriate capabilities to use this as soft inputs in the next processing stage. This allowed for much more performant receivers especially in difficult mobile radio channel conditions, and set the stage for iterative processing. This article will outline the development of soft output algorithms over the last two decades along with associated state-of-the-art applications and conclude with an outlook towards novel applications of the soft principle. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] New approach to 3D time-resolved angiographyMAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE, Issue 5 2002Bruno Madore Abstract TRICKS is an acquisition and reconstruction method capable of generating 3D time-resolved angiograms. Arguably, the main problem with TRICKS is the way it handles the outer regions of the k -space matrix, leading to artifacts at the edges of blood vessels. An alternative to the data- processing stage of TRICKS, designed to better represent edges and small vessels, is presented here. A weakness of the new approach is an increased sensitivity to motion compared to TRICKS. Since this method can use the same data as TRICKS, a hybrid reconstruction method could conceivably be developed where the advantages of both approaches are combined. Magn Reson Med 47:1022,1025, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The anterior olfactory nucleus: Quantitative study of dendritic morphologyTHE JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY, Issue 9 2010Peter C. Brunjes Abstract The anterior olfactory nucleus (AON) occupies a crucial position within the olfactory circuit, as it is able to influence function in nearly every major synaptic processing stage of both the ipsilateral and the contralateral pathways. Nevertheless, very little is known about the region's internal organization and circuitry. The present study provides basic quantitative and qualitative data on the morphology of several cell types within the two major regions of the AON, pars externa and pars principalis. In pars externa two types of cells are analyzed, the "classical" cell (type I), containing only apically directed dendrites with large spines, and a previously unreported cell with basilar dendrites and complex, spiny apical processes (type II). In pars principalis the characteristic pyramidal cell is described both on the basis of the depth of the cell bodies in the cell layer comprising the structure and on the basis of their radial location. Several other nonpyramidal neurons are also described. The findings provide useful basic information necessary for understanding and modeling the circuitry of the AON. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1603,1616, 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] A Versatile Synthesis of 5,-Functionalized Nucleosides Through Regioselective Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Their Peracetylated PrecursorsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 12 2009Teodora Bavaro Abstract We describe a chemo-enzymatic synthesis of modified nucleosides through lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of their peracetylated precursors. It was found from screening of a large number of substrates that these enzymes' regioselectivities were affected by the sugar and the nucleobase structures. By selecting the best enzyme for each substrate in terms of activity and regioselectivity, we prepared a small library of differently monodeprotected purine and pyrimidine nucleosides useful as intermediates for the synthesis of high-value nucleosides and mononucleotides. By this approach, the chemo-enzymatic preparation of doxifluridine (14) anduridine 5,-monophosphate (5,-UMP, 15) from peracetylated uridine 1 was carried out. Elimination of many of the processing stages associated with existing methods was achieved, and higher yields and products of increased purity were generated. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009) [source] Amygdala damage affects event-related potentials for fearful faces at specific time windowsHUMAN BRAIN MAPPING, Issue 7 2010Pia Rotshtein Abstract The amygdala is known to influence processing of threat-related stimuli in distant brain regions, including visual cortex. The time-course of these distant influences is unknown, although this information is important for resolving debates over likely pathways mediating an apparent rapidity in emotional processing. To address this, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) to seen fearful face expressions, in preoperative patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy who had varying degrees of amygdala pathology, plus healthy volunteers. We found that amygdala damage diminished ERPs for fearful versus neutral faces within the P1 time-range, ,100,150 ms, and for a later component at ,500,600 ms. Individual severity of amygdala damage determined the magnitude of both these effects, consistent with a causal amygdala role. By contrast, amygdala damage did not affect explicit perception of fearful expressions nor a distinct emotional ERP effect at 150,250 ms. These results demonstrate two distinct time-points at which the amygdala influences fear processing. The data also demonstrate that while not all aspects of expression processing are disrupted by amygdala damage, there is a crucial impact on an early P1 component. These findings are consistent with the existence of multiple processing stages or routes for fearful faces that vary in their dependence on amygdala function. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Amorphous orientation and its relationship to processing stages of blended polypropylene/polyethylene fibersJOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, Issue 6 2008Amy M. Trottier Abstract Changes in the molecular orientation, melting behavior, and percent crystallinity of the individual components in a fibrous blend of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) that occur during the melt extrusion process were examined using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The crystalline orientation of each component was found using Wilchinsky's treatment of uniaxial orientation and described by the Hermans,Stein orientation parameter. The amorphous orientation was found by resolving the X-ray diffraction pattern in steps of the azimuthal angle into its iPP and HDPE crystalline and amorphous reflections. The utility of DSC and WAXD analyses to capture the effects of small differences in processing, and the use of these results as fingerprints of a particular manufacturing process were demonstrated. Major increases in the melting temperatures, percent crystallinities, and molecular orientations of the iPP and HDPE components occurred during the main stretching stage of the melt extrusion process. The annealing stage was found to have little to no effect on the melting behavior and molecular orientation of these components. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 [source] The Effects of Negativity and Motivated Information Processing During a Political CampaignJOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION, Issue 1 2006Michael F. Meffert This research investigated how voters select, process, are affected by, and recall political information in a dynamic campaign environment. It was hypothesized that voters' information selection, processing, and recall are subject to a negativity bias (i.e., negative information dominates over positive information), a congruency bias (i.e., positive information about the preferred candidate and negative information about the opponent candidate dominate over negative information about the preferred candidate and positive information about the opponent), and a candidate bias (i.e., information about the preferred candidate dominates over information about the opponent). Motivated by an initial candidate preference, participants were also expected to develop more polarized candidate evaluations over time. Participants were exposed to quickly changing information in the form of newspaper-style headlines on a dynamic, computer-based information board. The results generally supported negativity bias and candidate bias, whereas congruency bias was only found during information recall. At the information selection and processing stages, participants with a strong initial candidate preference showed a disproportionate preference for negative information about the preferred candidate. However, they developed more positive attitudes at the evaluation and recall stage. This finding suggests that participants were engaged in motivated information processing by counterarguing negative information about their preferred candidate. [source] OCCURRENCE OF LISTERIA SPECIES IN THE PROCESSING STAGES OF FROZEN PEPPERJOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY, Issue 2 2007SOLMAZ LEE ABSTRACT The occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. in a frozen vegetable processing factory was investigated. From May to October 2002, four separate visits were made to the plant and during all of these visits, a total of 216 samples were collected at different stages of the cube and strip pepper processing line. Additionally, 28 swabs were taken from equipment and food-related contact surfaces. The cube and strip pepper processing lines include raw materials, washing, conveyor belt, scalding, cutting, sieving (drying), and the interior sieve of individually quick frozen (IQF), IQF and finished products. Swab samples were taken from the scalding tank, cooling tank, conveyor belt to IQF, interior part of IQF, mixing shovel of IQF, transport saddles and packaging materials. No Listeria spp. were isolated from the strip pepper processing stages, however, 26 out of 108 (24.1%) samples taken from the cube pepper processing stages were found to be contaminated with Listeria spp. Among these isolates, L. monocytogenes was not identified; however, Listeria welshimeri, Listeria innocua and Listeria ivanovii species were identified in 15, 6 and 5 of the tested samples, respectively. L. welshimeri and L. ivanovii were also isolated from three swab samples. These indicate that even though L. monocytogenes was not isolated, the presence of other Listeria species, particularly L. innocua, in the processing line would be an important criterion for eventual L. monocytogenes contaminations. Thus, periodic controls and application of general hygiene and sanitation principles are necessary in the prevention of possible contaminations. [source] Effect of reclining and chin-tuck position on the coordination between respiration and swallowingJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 6 2006T. AYUSE summary, Chin-tuck position and reclining posture have been used in dysphagia patients to prevent aspiration during swallowing. However, both behavioural treatments may affect respiratory function. This study was carried out to test the hypothesis that if chin-tuck posture and body reclining affected respiratory function, this would be associated with altered coordination between respiration and swallowing. To investigate this hypothesis, respiratory parameters and manometry were used in each of four combinations of reclining posture and chin-tuck position. In the 60 °reclining with 60 °chin-tuck position, duration of swallowing apnea (0·89 s.d. 0·17 s) and submental electromyography burst (2·34 s.d. 0·84 s) were significantly longer when compared to both upright sitting and 30 °reclining positions. We conclude that 60 °reclining from vertical with 60 °chin-tuck may affect oral processing stages which delay and reduce a variety of oropharyngeal movements. These in turn significantly influence the coordination between respiration and swallowing. [source] Evaluation of three methods for the measurement of crystallinity of pet resins, preforms, and bottlesPOLYMER ENGINEERING & SCIENCE, Issue 11 2000Z. Bashir The control of crystallization is important at all processing stages of the PET bottle industry, from the manufacture of bottle resins to the fabrication of preforms and bottles. In this work, we sought to evaluate critically three methods of crystallinity measurement. We have used density, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry (MDSC) to study the crystallinity of PET chips, preforms, and bottles. The accuracy, precision, and general validity of each technique and the problems of interpretation are discussed. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||