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Processing Factors (processing + factor)
Selected AbstractsRisk assessment of thiacloprid and its chemical decontamination on eggplant, Solanum melongena L.PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (FORMERLY: PESTICIDE SCIENCE), Issue 2 2009Jayakrishnan Saimandir Abstract BACKGROUND: Thiacloprid [(Z)-3-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidenecyanamide; CalypsoÔ] is a systemic insecticide having persistence in the plant system. It was chosen for the management of the eggplant shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guen. Management of this insect pest is difficult because it harbours inside the shoot and fruit portions of eggplant. The persistence of thiacloprid on eggplant has not been studied in India. The Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) has proposed its maximum residue limit (MRL) on eggplant as 0.7 mg kg,1, and there is a need to validate this value. Since residues were found to be above this level, five different decontamination agents were tested for the decontamination of thiacloprid from eggplant. RESULTS: The half-life of thiacloprid was 11.1 and 11.6 days from trials in 2 years. Safety factors such as theoretical maximum daily intake (TMDI) and maximum permissible intake (MPI) were used to arrive at a risk assessment to human health from the analytical data obtained from the field trials. Thiacloprid at the doses tested (30 and 60 g AI ha,1) was not effective in managing eggplant fruit borer. A waiting period of 3 days before harvest of the fruits after insecticide application and a processing factor (PF) could not ensure a sufficient margin of safety (MOS). Subjecting the data to a processing factor of 60% could not bring the residues below the proposed MRL. CONCLUSION: Thiacloprid is not found to be an appropriate and effective agent for application to eggplant. Either the proposed MRL needs to be revised or good agricultural practice involving thiacloprid for plant protection in eggplant cultivation is required. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Utp25p, a nucleolar Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein, interacts with U3 snoRNP subunits and affects processing of the 35S pre-rRNAFEBS JOURNAL, Issue 13 2010Mauricio B. Goldfeder In eukaryotes, pre-rRNA processing depends on a large number of nonribosomal trans -acting factors that form intriguingly organized complexes. Two intermediate complexes, pre-40S and pre-60S, are formed at the early stages of 35S pre-rRNA processing and give rise to the mature ribosome subunits. Each of these complexes contains specific pre-rRNAs, some ribosomal proteins and processing factors. The novel yeast protein Utp25p has previously been identified in the nucleolus, an indication that this protein could be involved in ribosome biogenesis. Here we show that Utp25p interacts with the SSU processome proteins Sas10p and Mpp10p, and affects 18S rRNA maturation. Depletion of Utp25p leads to accumulation of the pre-rRNA 35S and the aberrant rRNA 23S, and to a severe reduction in 40S ribosomal subunit levels. Our results indicate that Utp25p is a novel SSU processome subunit involved in pre-40S maturation. Structured digital abstract ,,MINT-7889901: SAS10 (uniprotkb:Q12136) physically interacts (MI:0915) with Utp25p (uniprotkb:P40498) by pull down (MI:0096) ,,MINT-7889915: NIP7 (uniprotkb:Q08962) physically interacts (MI:0915) with RRP43 (uniprotkb:P25359) by two hybrid (MI:0018) ,,MINT-7889852: Utp25p (uniprotkb:P40498) physically interacts (MI:0915) with MPP10 (uniprotkb:P47083) by two hybrid (MI:0018) ,,MINT-7890065: NOP1 (uniprotkb:P15646) and Utp25p (uniprotkb:P40498) colocalize (MI:0403) by fluorescence microscopy (MI:0416) ,,MINT-7889865: Utp25p (uniprotkb:P40498) physically interacts (MI:0915) with SAS10 (uniprotkb:Q12136) by two hybrid (MI:0018) [source] Morphological Control of Single-Crystalline Silicon Nanowire Arrays near Room Temperature,ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 20 2008Chia-Yun Chen Control of the orientation, diameter, and length of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) is achieved in large-scale single-crystalline SiNW arrays fabricated by a statistical electroless metal deposition technique. Taguchi methods are employed to optimize the diameter control and to understand the influence of all processing factors on the growth. The ,100, directions are found to be the preferred crystallographic orientation of the growing SiNWs (see figure). [source] The Process-Outcome Connection in Foreign Policy Decision Making: A Quantitative Study Building on GroupthinkINTERNATIONAL STUDIES QUARTERLY, Issue 1 2002Mark Schafer This article investigates whether certain factors pertaining to the process of foreign policy decision making have a measurable, qualitative effect on foreign policy outcomes. The research is grounded in the groupthink literature but incorporates different dimensions of similar underlying notions from other international relations areas as well. Three different types of process factors are investigated: situational factors, such as stress and time constraints; factors associated with the structure of the group; and information processing factors. We test the influence of these factors on two types of outcomes,a decision's effect on national interests and its effect on the level of international conflict. We investigate this link in 31 cases of decision from 1975 through 1993. Scores for the outcome variables are based on survey responses from 21 foreign policy experts. For the process variables, we develop sets of operational definitions and then code each case based on extensive reading of case-study materials. OLS regression models are used to assess the hypotheses. We find that situation variables matter very little in terms of affecting outcomes and quality of information processing. On the other hand, both group structural factors and information processing are significantly related to outcomes in terms of national interests and level of international conflict. [source] Pink Color Defect in Poultry White Meat as Affected by Endogenous ConditionsJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 3 2003K. Holownia ABSTRACT The pinking defect in cooked, uncured meat has been a problem in the poultry industry for nearly 40 years. Through the years, analyses of data revealed various processing factors that seem to influence the specific biochemical conditions (pH, redox potential, denaturation, reacting ligands) of the meat that are related to the chemical state of the pigments in cooked meat, their structure, and reactivity. This review addresses endogenous conditions that affect the pigments' reactivity, and research studies conducted on in situ conditions resulting in pinking in cooked meat. Future studies could be devised for understanding mechanisms leading to developing processes for reduction/elimination of the pink defect in cooked white poultry meat. [source] Factors affecting the meat quality of vealJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 10 2006Tania M Ngapo Abstract Over the last 50 years the veal industry has seen a number of changes, in particularly in production systems with the introduction and acceptance of grain-fed and heavier calves and the progressive move from individual pens to group housing. Reasons for the changes are multi-faceted of which two important players are the well-being of the animal and the public perception of the industry. Regardless of the reasons for the changes, breeders strive to attain veal conforming to the rigorous standards reflecting consumer demands. Consequently a multitude of publications exists on production factors in veal farming. However, many of these reports stop at the ,farm gate', or more correctly, the slaughterhouse, where carcass characteristics in particular are assessed. Changes in production systems generally aim to improve feed efficiency and weight gains, but often overlook meat quality aspects which ultimately dictate financial gains. This review aims to summarise the existing and available literature on factors affecting the quality of veal meat. The topics covered include the effects of breed, sex, weight or age, diet composition and dietary treatments, environment and pre-slaughter handling, and processing factors such as stunning, electrical stimulation, ageing and packaging. Copyright © 2006 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Hibernation as a far-reaching program for the modulation of RNA transcriptionMICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE, Issue 8 2008Manuela Malatesta Abstract In eukaryotic cells, pre-mRNAs undergo several transformation steps to generate mature mRNAs ready to be exported to the cytoplasm. The molecular and structural apparatus for mRNA production is generally able to promptly respond to variations of metabolic demands. Hibernating mammals, which periodically enter a hypometabolic state, represent an interesting physiological model to investigate the adaptive morpho-functional modifications of the pre-mRNA transcriptional and processing machinery under extreme metabolic conditions. In this study, the subnuclear distribution of some transcriptional, splicing, and cleavage factors was investigated by ultrastructural immunocytochemistry in cell nuclei of the liver (a highly metabolizing organ involved in multiple regulatory functions) and the brown adipose tissue (responsible for nonshivering thermogenesis) from euthermic, hibernating, and arousing hazel dormice (Muscardinus avellanarius). Our observations demonstrate that, during hibernation, transcriptional activity significantly decreases and pre-mRNA processing factors undergo an intranuclear redistribution moving to domains usually devoid of such molecules; moreover, in hepatocytes, there is a preferential accumulation of pre-mRNAs at the splicing stage, whereas, in brown adipocytes, pre-mRNAs are mainly stored at the cleavage stage. Upon arousal, the pre-mRNAs at the cleavage stage are immediately utilized, while the maturation of pre-mRNAs at the splicing stage seems to be restored before transcription had taken place. Our data suggest a programmed intranuclear reorganization of the RNA maturation machinery aimed at efficiently and rapidly restoring the pre-mRNA processing, and, consequently, the specific cellular activities upon arousal. Once again natural hibernation appears as a highly programmed hypometabolic state rather than a simple fall of metabolic and physiological functions. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] How Do Young Children Process Beliefs About Beliefs?: Evidence from Response LatencyMIND & LANGUAGE, Issue 3 2007HARUO KIKUNO Conceptual change theory posits a change in the form of reasoning from 3 to 4 years old while bias theory posits that processing factors are responsible for errors among younger children. The results from three experiments showed that children who failed a test of false belief took as long to respond as those who passed, and both groups of children took longer to respond to belief questions than to questions about prior states of reality. These results seem to support the bias theory. [source] | |||||||||||||